Exam 1: Intro- 1.4

How did Pablo Picasso respond when told that his portrait of Gertrude Stein did not look like her?

"She will."

Forms that tend to be irregular, and similar to naturally occurring objects, are known as ________ forms.

organic

In a 1941 drawing the British artist Barbara Hepworth used line to plan a ________.

sculpture

The element of art that defines the amount of space occupied by an object is ________.

volume

What creates the various degrees between representational and non-objective?

Abstraction

Frida Kahlo painted The Two Fridas shortly after she was divorced from which famous Mexican painter?

Diego Rivera

Agnolo Bronzino's painting of Eleonora di Toledo is categorized as fine art.

True

A shape made of perfectly straight lines would probably be classified as ________ shape.

a geometric

Allan Houser's work Reverie is:

abstract and representational

When we touch an object we experience a tactile sensation that artists refer to as ________ texture.

actual

An artist can use color to indicate depth. When a color is very pure and intense then it seems to be ________.

closer

The ________ texture of Anish Kapoor's sculpture Cloud Gate is appealing for viewers to touch.

smooth

The medium of Marc Quinn's Self is:

the artist's own blood

The oldest museum in America, the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, was founded in:

1805

This German artist illustrated how a figure can be drawn from an oblique angle for his own text on drawing.

Albrecht Dürer

This artist proved that his system for creating depth was effective through an elaborate process that involved a painting with a hole, a mirror, and the Florence Baptistery. The viewer would look through the back of the painting of the Florence Baptistery while the mirror reflected it, then, when the mirror was removed, the viewer could see the actual building. Who was this artist and innovator?

Brunelleschi

The highly polished surface of Anish Kapoor's sculpture Cloud Gate means that the viewer and the city of ________ become a part of the work, in its reflection.

Chicago

A graphic designer usually intends to please one individual patron.

False

Gertrude Stein was the patron of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa.

False

The critic John Ruskin popularized James McNeil Whistler's painting Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket by writing several positive reviews of the painting in London papers.

False

Henri Matisse was a member of the ________ movement, a group of artists who were especially focused on using color as intensely as they could.

Fauve

This American architect designed the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain with an emphasis on the variety of forms and tactile surfaces. Who was this architect?

Frank Gehry

Sculptors Ralph Helmick and Stuart Schechter experimented with open volume when they created this hanging sculpture, installed in the Evanston Public Library in Illinois.

Ghostwriter

Marisol's work Father Damien was created to memorialize the heroism of a priest who lost his life helping the victims of leprosy. This sculpture stands in front of the State Capitol Building in the U.S. State of ________.

Hawaii

Girl with a Pearl Earring was painted by this Dutch artist.

Johannes Vermeer

When he experimented with the relationship between adjacent colors, ________ showed that the human eye can be deceived by color.

Josef Albers

Louise Bourgeois is an American sculptor who created a work that stands outside the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain. What is the title of this spider-shaped sculpture?

Maman

This painting, titled the Old Guitarist, relies on values of blue, brown, and gray. What was the name of the artist who did this work during his or her "Blue Period"?

Picasso

This Italian artist used two-point combined with one-point perspective in his painting The School of Athens.

Raphael

In her work Object, a fur-lined teacup and saucer, the Swiss artist Méret Oppenheim employed subversive texture to contradict conscious logical experience. She belonged to the ________ art movement, which drew on ideas and images from dreams and the unconscious mind.

Surrealist

What ancient Chinese philosophy used color as a symbolic element to explain how change affects the cosmos?

Tai Chi

Two nineteenth-century French sculptors, Auguste Rodin and Constantin Brancusi, created stone works that expressed the same theme, but through different uses of the element mass. What was the title that both artists used to describe their work?

The Kiss

Artist Ai Weiwei was arrested by Chinese government officials in 2011, just three years after he had been involved in designing the stadium for the Beijing Olympics.

True

Eva Hesse's Untitled (Rope Piece) is considered highly abstract

True

In Japan, ceramic tea bowls were appreciated not just for their color, shape, and pleasing irregular surface, but as part of the experience of sipping tea.

True

James McNeil Whistler, painter of Nocturne in Black and Gold: The Falling Rocket, believed that art had intrinsic value regardless of its message or subject matter.

True

Representational artworks are also called objective.

True

The city of Los Angeles disapproved of Simon Rodia's Watts Towers.

True

The original painting of the Virgin of Guadalupe is housed in a basilica at the base of Tepeyac hill, Mexico, but many people keep their own image of her at home or in their vehicle.

True

By using ________ color scheme in his painting Twilight in the Wilderness, Frederic Edwin Church intensified the drama of the vast natural landscape.

a complementary

The American artist Mark Tansey used ________ color palette when he painted his homage to Cubism titled Picasso and Braque.

a monochromatic

A shape on a flat picture surface that is defined by surrounding empty space is known as ________ shape.

a positive

An upright stone that has an incised relief on its surface, such as the Maya sculpture (1.2.7), is known as ________.

a stela

Agnolo Bronzino's portrait Eleonora of Toledo and Her Son, Giovanni conveys a sense of: a. wealth b. power c. luxury d. high status e. all of the other answers

all of the other answers

Color associations can be both culturally specific and universal. Red is a color that can arouse universal feelings, such as:

all of the other answers

David Hockney emphasized the figure of Peter Schlesinger in his artwork Portrait of an Artist (Pool with two figures), using: a. scale: Peter appears to be taller than the hills in the background b. color: Peter's red jacket stands out c. implied line: the edges of the pool seem to point toward Peter d. all of the other answers e. none of the other answers

all of the other answers

In Carrie Mae Weems' Kitchen Table series, dramatic effect is achieved by doing what?

all of the other answers

Niagara Falls was a popular subject for North American artists in the second half of the nineteenth century, because it symbolized: a. America's territorial expansion b. the presence of God in nature c. grandeur d. the beauty and power of nature e. all of the other answers

all of the other answers

When using a series of squares that are exactly the same shape, implied depth can be achieved by ________.

all of the other answers

Which of the following words can be used to describe irregular lines?

all of the other answers

A line that is a continuous mark is ________.

an actual line

The sphere that designer Saul Bass created for the AT&T logo is not defined by a continuous boundary. This type of shape, which can be suggested by dots or lines that do not connect, is termed ________ shape.

an implied

A line that gives viewers the impression that they are seeing a line where there is not a continuous mark is ________.

an implied line

________ volume is a space that is enclosed by materials that are not entirely solid.

an open

In the Roettgen Pietà from fourteenth-century Germany, the shrunken, twisted body of Jesus and the oversized, anguished head of Mary are accentuated for expressive effect. This distortion of the human body, ________ form that we can all understand, makes the viewer feel uneasy and impresses on us the suffering of mother and son.

an organic

Colors that do not contrast strongly with each other, and which are similar in wavelength, are ________ colors.

analogous

The combination of jarring vertical and diagonal lines in Vincent van Gogh's The Bedroom creates an atmosphere of ________.

anxiety

Kindred Spirits by Asher Brown Durand uses the effects of ________ to give a sense of the vastness of the American landscape.

atmospheric perspective

When objects are far away they lack contrast, detail, and sharpness of focus because of the interference of air. Artists take advantage of this when they use the process called:

atmospheric perspective

The African American artist Carrie Mae Weems is a photographer who often concentrates on personal, cultural, and racial identity in her work. In her Kitchen Table series, she uses the principle of contrast by doing what?

balancing black against white

This type of relief, which takes its name from the French word for low, does not imply great depth.

bas-relief

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon created chiaroscuro by using ________ chalk on paper

black and white

Color can be used for healing purposes. The ancient Persian philosopher Avicenna believed that looking at the color ________ had beneficial effects.

blue

The nineteenth-century Spiritualist artist Georgiana Houghton used irregular line to create the work Glory be to God. The artist claimed that the overall composition was organized how?

by spiritual forces

In addition to alternating value, Li Cheng's A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks uses this process to give the viewer a sense that some areas are closer than others.

changing visual texture

This method of applying value to a two-dimensional artwork in order to create the illusion of a threedimensional solid form is called ________.

chiaroscuro

We generally associate a color with its purest, most intense state, or its highest level of ________.

chroma

El Anatsui's artworks reference both ________ and ________.

colonial Africa and modern consumerism

Colors that are on opposite sides of the color wheel are radically different in wavelength and are called ________.

complementary colors

In Pablo Picasso's Blonde Woman in Profile, the artist uses a ________ line that follows the contours of the model's profile.

continuous

Henri Matisse drew Woman Seated in an Armchair using ________ line so that he could represent her figure with great economy while being descriptive.

contour

In order to create value in his drawing Head of a Satyr, Michelangelo used both hatching and ________, a variation where the lines overlap, allowing for the depiction of darker tones.

cross-hatching

The American sculptor David Smith created sculptures of geometric forms. In his work Cubi XIX, Smith used the following geometric shape:

cuboids

Most commercial color printing is achieved using three "true" primary colors and black. These primaries are ________.

cyan, magenta, and yellow

The work now known as the Watts Towers was in fact given a different title by its creator. That title was ________.

d. Nuestro Pueblo

Renaissance artists used a camera obscura to help them understand the basic tenets of linear perspective. Camera obscura is a Latin phrase. What is the closest English translation?

dark room

The Chinese artist Li Cheng created ________ in his work A Solitary Temple Amid Clearing Peaks by alternating bands of lighter and darker values.

depth

In James Allen's etching The Connectors, an image of workers erecting the Empire State Building, the artist created a feeling of great height by using ________ line to lead the viewer's eye diagonally downward.

directional

By orienting lines so that they attract attention to a specific area of a work of art the artist is using

directional line

In the Roettgen Pietà from fourteenth-century Germany, the artist ________ the organic forms of the bodies of Mary and Jesus in order to express pain and suffering.

distorted

The spiraling open volume of Vladimir Tatlin's Monument to the Third International was intended to give the design a feeling of ________.

dynamism

When conducting a formal analysis of a work of art, you would probably want to consider the artist's use of: a. color b. texture c. emphasis d. scale e. all of the other answers

e. all of the other answers

Which of the following can be considered part of visual culture? a. roadside billboards b. television commercials c. comic books d. oil paintings e. all of the other answers

e. all of the other answers

The use of strong chromatic color in The Turning Road, L'Estaque by André Derain gives the work a feeling of ________.

energy

The positive and negative shapes in M. C. Escher's print Sky and Water I balance each other and are an example of ________.

figure-ground reversal

To imply greater depth, the sculptor who created the relief carvings on the outside of the Ara Pacis Augustae carved the figures in the ________ more deeply than those that are in the background, in order to make them stand out more.

foreground

If an artist were to draw a figure whose arm was pointing directly toward the viewer, what technique would the artist have to use when drawing the outstretched arm?

foreshortening

The organic form and abstract quality of Lino Tagliapietra's sculpture, Batman, allow it to express the idea of ________.

freedom and life

A sculpture that can be viewed from more than one side and that occupies space in the same way as other real-life objects is called a ________ sculpture.

freestanding

An artist paints a scene with a large mountain, which lacks detail and is out of focus, and a tree, which is sharply defined and bright green. The viewer might assume that the mountain is ________ than the tree.

further away

The Puerto Rican artist Chemi Rosado-Seijo convinced the townspeople of Naranjito to paint their homes different shades and tones of what color?

green

Why did the ceramist who created the underglaze-painted lamp from the Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, use green as one of the main colors?

green has positive associations in Islamic art

Analogous color combinations can be used to create unity and steer viewers toward a particular attitude or emotion. Mary Cassatt's The Boating Party uses yellow, green, and blue hues to create a ________ and ________ composition.

harmonious . . . relaxed

The process of using a series of parallel lines set close to one another to differentiate planes of value in a work of art is called ________.

hatching

Ai Weiwei's S.A.C.R.E.D. depicts six dioramas of:

his experience as a prisoner

If vertical lines communicate strength, horizontals calm, and diagonals action, then a vacation resort might want to choose a logo consisting of ________ lines in order to show peaceful repose.

horizontal

The term used for referring to each of the basic colors of the spectrum is ________.

hue

The Dutch design team Sauerkids used ________ lines of dots and dashes in its work to create exciting visual rhythms.

implied

Some Jewish texts create images using this kind of line made up of small letters.

implied line

The French artist André Masson wished to explore the psychological source of creativity through his "automatic" ink drawings of ________ lines.

irregular

The video game Transistor uses ________ perspective.

isometric

This system, which derives its name from the Greek meaning "equal measure," uses diagonal parallel lines to communicate depth.

isometric perspective

The ancient Egyptian artist who painted The Journey of the Sun God Re (0.0.1) on a coffin chose his subject because ________.

it expresses beliefs in an afterlife

The line created by the vein in Frida Kahlo's The Two Fridas makes reference to what personal aspect of her life?

lineage

This is the system for creating an illusion of depth using three basic components: horizon line, vanishing point, and convergence lines.

linear perspective

A color that is almost gray has a ________ chroma.

low

Marisol was commissioned to create a sculpture of the Catholic missionary Father Damien. A stout figure in heavy bronze, the statue possesses a weighty ________ that communicates the strong beliefs and courageous determination of the priest.

mass

Our experience of objects in the natural world often leads us to assume that a large object will be heavy, but in fact this is not necessarily the case. This element of art is called ________.

mass

This term refers to the substance contained in an object, but it does not necessarily imply weight.

mass

In the illustration from the manga Tsubasa RESERVoir CHRoNiCLE, the artists used diagonal lines to create a strong sense of ________.

movement

The artist can more readily reflect the complexities of the real world by using more than one vanishing point. This is known as ________ perspective.

multi-point

The varying color tones in Ancient Sound by Paul Klee were intended to be associated with ________.

music

A sculpture designed in the round can be viewed from ________.

nearly every angle

In her painting Music—Pink and Blue II, Georgia O'Keeffe emphasized the blue ________ space in order to attract the viewer's attention into a deep interior.

negative

American sculptors Carol Mickett and Robert Stackhouse created the work In the Blue (Crest) to imply the presence of water. The work's many empty spaces, which were created using irregular horizontal members, are an example of ________ volume.

open

We see this type of color when the brain receives so much color information that it is forced to simplify what we perceive.

optical color

This type of shape is composed of unpredictable, irregular lines.

organic

A Summer Shower by the British artist Edith Hayllar employs linear perspective to create depth. The painting contains imaginary sightlines that converge toward a single vanishing point. These lines are also called ________.

orthogonals

The line that defines the edge of a shape is called the ________.

outline

The lines that create the image of the Nazca Spider "drawing" define the ________ of a ________.

outline . . . shape

Louise Nevelson's work White Vertical Water is made of ________.

painted wood

By looking at the flat triangular surfaces of Disney's Spaceship Earth, the effect of light and shadow can be observed. What are these flat surfaces?

planes

The artist Dosio, in his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, created an impression of three dimensions by using line to show the division between ________.

planes

The French artist Georges Seurat employed a new technique to create a jewel-like diffusion of light and vibration of color in his work The Circus. This type of painting, made up of small dots of color, is known as ________.

pointilism

Color associations vary by culture. For example, an American bride would probably wear white, while her Chinese counterpart might wear ________.

red

The traditional "artist's" primary colors are ________.

red, yellow, and blue

Mel Bochner used ________ line in the work Vertigo because it is controlled and measured.

regular

One method used to establish depth in Beda Stjernschantz's Pastoral (Primavera) involves placing figures higher or lower in the composition. This process for creating depth is called ________.

relative placement

A three-dimensional surface that is designed to be viewed from only one direction is known as a ________

relief

A color that is lighter than its basic hue is known as a tint. A color that is darker than its basic hue is called a ________.

shade

When ________ colors are mixed, they make a duller and darker color because more of the visible spectrum is absorbed.

subtractive

By using ________ texture to contradict previous tactile experience, artists can invite viewers to reconsider the world around them.

subversive

Méret Oppenheim was part of an art movement that rejected rational, conscious thought. Her fur-lined teacup and saucer, Object, conjures an unexpected and illogical sensation for the viewer by using ________ texture

subversive

Beda Stjernschantz was a member of the Symbolists, who were interested in the relationship between art and music. This was exemplified in a physiological condition known as ________, in which one of the body's senses translates the experience into another sense.

synesthesia

Color ________ can be relative to the other colors nearby. For example, violet can be warm if we see it next to a hot color like red, or cool if we see it next to a colder color like blue.

temperature

When a color is associated with hot or cold we refer to this as color ________.

temperature

In Japan, ceramic tea bowls were appreciated because ________.

they were part of a ritual that had social and spiritual importance

Hatching and cross-hatching use two-dimensional lines to communicate ________ depth.

three-dimensional

Ascending and Descending, by M. C. Escher, uses ________ perspective.

three-point

The video game Transistor is designed using units that can be redistributed in any configuration using isometric perspective. These units are called ________.

tiles

Because a form exists in "real" space, we can experience it not only visually, but also through our sense of ________.

touch

This type of perspective is used when an object is being viewed from an angle rather than from directly in front.

two-point

The element of art that describes the relative lightness or darkness of a hue, compared to another hue, is known as ________.

value

Masaccio was one of the first artists to use one-point perspective. In his large fresco, Trinity, the ________ is centered in the middle of the horizon line, directly ahead of the viewer.

vanishing point

One-point perspective does convey depth, but it has limited applications due to its reliance on a single ________.

vanishing point

When complementary colors are used next to each other in a composition, they produce a visual anomaly called simultaneous contrast. This visual effect makes the colors appear to ________ along the boundary where the two colors meet.

vibrate

In his drawing of the Church of Saint Spirito, Dosio used line to accentuate the patterned surface of the ceiling and differentiate it from the ________.

walls

Paul Gauguin's use of the color ________ in his depiction of a crucified Christ enhances the work's connection with the seasons, and expresses a message of optimism and rebirth.

yellow