Exam 1 questions

The breastbone is _____ to the vertebral column.

. anterior

The visceral pericardium is ________ to the parietal pericardium.

. deep

The plane that passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into anterior and posterior portions is called the _____ plane.

. frontal

.Which of these has the highest H+ concentration?

. lemon juice, pH = 2.3

.In a single sodium-potassium pump cycle, ATP is used up with the result that

3 sodium ions leave and 2 potassium ions enter.

The kidneys, ureters, adrenal glands, aorta, and inferior vena cava are all located

retroperitoneally.

A CT scan that passes vertically through the body and divides into equal right and left portions divides the body along this plane

sagittal

The oil of your scalp is secreted by __________ glands associated with the hair follicles.

sebaceous

. __________________ tissue is highly vascular, whereas _______________ is not.

Areolar; cartilage

A solution that resists a change in pH when acid or base is added to it is

Buffer

. __________________ secrete the rubbery matrix of cartilage, whereas ________________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue.

Chondroblasts; fibroblasts

The thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity are lined by

serous membranes

A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________.

simple columnar; small intestine

. Most kidney tubules are made of this tissue specialized for absorption and secretion

simple cuboidal epithelium

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because

smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract.

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called

Fibrosis

The fastest rate of mitosis happens in the

stratum basale

Skeletal muscle is described as

striated and voluntary.

The right shoulder is ______ and __________ to the umbilical region.

superior; lateral

. _____________ cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes.

Goblet

The organelle for the collection, packaging, modification, and transport of molecules

Golgi apparatus

In anatomical position, the forearm is supinated.

True

The appendix is typically found in the right lower quadrant.

True

The most lateral and superior region of the abdomen is called the hypochondriac region.

True

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

True

The backbone encloses the

Vertebral Canal

The ______ wraps around stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Visceral peritoneum

New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in

adipose tissue

After six months of lifting weights at the gym you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells.

hypertrophy

The superolateral regions of the abdomen are called the _________ regions.

hypochondriac

The lumbar vertebrae are __________ to the thoracic vertebrae.

inferior

The interscapular region is ______ to the scapular region.

lateral

The brain and the spinal cord are protected by

meninges

The cutaneous glands concerned with cooling the body are

merocrine glands.

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This exemplifies

metaplasia.

.A distinctive feature found only in eukaryotes.

mitochondria

The organelle that produces cellular energy .

mitochondria.

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.

mucous membrane (mucosa)

Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life's hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?

nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell

The information storage molecules are

nucleic acids

The most superficial membrane of the heart is called

parietal pericarium

The most superficial wall of the pleural cavity is lined by the _____, whereas the outer surface of the lungs is covered by _____.

parietal pleura; visceral pleura

Macrophages __________________ in the healing of a skin wound.

phagocytize and digest tissue debris

. Ethnic differences in skin color are primarily caused by differences in

quantity of melanin produced.

The appendicular region consists of the head, neck and trunk.

False

The cut of a guillotine is an example of a section done in the midsagittal plane.

False

The frontal plane passes vertically through the body or an organ and divides it into equal right and left portions.

False

The heart occupies a space called the pericardial cavity between the parietal and visceral pericardium.

False

The liver is proximal to the diaphragm.

False

Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a(an)

hair follicle.

These are all types of fibrous connective tissues except

hyaline cartilage.

.Select the statement(s) that accurately describe homeostasis

-The body has the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and maintain relatively stable internal conditions -The internal state of the body is best described as a dynamic equilibrium in which there is a certain set point and conditions fluctuate slightly around this point.

. __________________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis, whereas __________________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

Merocrine; holocrine

__________________ glands secrete mucin, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product, whereas __________________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

Mucous; serous

For a typically cell in the body, which of the following best describes the diffusion of Na+ and K+ solutes if Na+ ion channels are opened

Na+ diffuses from the cytoplasm to the extracellular fluid

These cells stand guard against toxins, microbes and other pathogens

dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Effector

does the change

. The _______________ gives rise to the _______________.

ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

The basement membrane is found between

epithelium and connective tissue.

The membrane that lines digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts

epithelium and lamina propria.

The fluid outside of a cell is called

extracellular fluid

The ___ region of the left lower limb is proximal to the ___ region of the same limb.

femoral; crural

A serious injury with lots of blood loss or a hemorrhage would

Decrease blood volume but not significantly osmolarity (Concentration)

Dynamic equilibrium can be described as having a certain set point for a given variable where internal conditions remain constant at this point.

False

The _______________ gives rise to the _______________.

Ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis

__________________ secrete __________________ into __________________.

Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood

. _______________ lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs.

Epitheial Tissues

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of solutes in the solution is __________ than the concentration of solutes in the intracellular fluid and will cause the cell to ______________.

Higher, shrink

The urinary bladder is located in the __________ region.

Hypogastric

Aldosterone

Increases K+ secretion ad Na+ reabsorption

In a transverse section through the torso the kidneys are __________ to the vertebral column

Lateral

In a sagittal section through the torse, the vertebral column is __________

Posterior/ Distal

An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________

Psuedostratified columnar

. ______________ epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs.

Simple squamous

__________________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion

Simple squamous; stratified squamous

The parietal pericardium is __________ to the visceral pericardium

Superfical

Under the microscope, a tissue cell reveals Golgi bodies and a large rough endoplasmic reticulum. The most likely function of this tissue includes:

This tissue produces and exports proteins to other areas of the body.

The _______ cavity contains the lungs, which are enfolded in the _____.

Thoratic; pleurae

In the intestine, __________________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

Tight Junctions

The trachea is _____ to the esophagus.

anterior

. In the cat, the head is _________ to the tail, whereas in the human the head is ________ to the gluteal region (buttock).

anterior; superior

In comparison to eukaryotes, prokaryotes _____

are smaller

In the appendicular region, the wrist is called the _____ region, and the ankle is called the ___________ region.

carpal; tarsal

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) ____________________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) _______.

complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

Dehydration

decreases blood volume and increases osmolarity

The most superior segment of the upper limb is called

the brachial region.

Phospholipids are important components of

the plasma membrane of animal cells

. The __________ cavity is inferior to the _____________ cavity.

thoracic; cranial

The heart is in the _____ cavity and is covered by the _____.

thoracic; pericardium