Exam 1 sociology Practice Questions

The term values can be defined as: a. The tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. b. A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society. c. Scripture found within the Bible. d. Federal laws and regulations.

A culture's standard for discerning what's good and just in society

Reliability is defined by the text as: a. How well the study measures what it was designed to measure. b. How long a study is expected to remain relevant and influential. c. How close the study's results come to the experimenter's hypothesis. d. A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced.

A measure of a study's consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

A cultural universal is: a. An object or a belonging of a group. b. A pattern or trait common to all societies. c. The ideas, attitudes and beliefs of a particular society. d. A written document outlining appropriate behavior.

A pattern or trait common to all societies

The term value neutrality is defined by the text as: a. A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results. b. The study of evolving ethics and morals in relation to sociological research. c. A systematic approach to record and value information gleaned from secondary data as it relates to the study at hand. d. A study's participants being randomly selected to serve as a representation of a larger population.

A practice of remaining impartial, without bias or judgment during the course of a study and in publishing results

What does it mean if a sample of sociological research is representative? a. The researcher has avoided any overt bias. b. The research has been conducted systematically using the scientific method. c. A smaller group of people studied can tell us something about a larger group. d. The researcher avoided using any double-barreled questions.

A smaller group of people studied can tell us something about a larger group.

The term interpretive framework can be defined as: a. A basis for which sociologists determine whether their independent and dependent variables reflect the results. b. A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing. c. An established scholarly research method that involves asking a question, researching existing sources, forming a hypothesis, designing and conducting a study, and drawing conclusions. d. Specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

A sociological research approach that seeks in-depth understanding of a topic or subject through observation or interaction; this approach is not based on hypothesis testing

A hypothesis can be defined as: a. A way to explain different aspects of social interactions b. A testable proposition c. An attempt to explain large-scale relationships d. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

A testable proposition

In 1999, Sean Fanning, John Fanning, and Sean Parker invented Napster, a global, free-of-charge, peer-to-peer music sharing program. Prior to Napster, no such program existed. The three men created _____. a. An innovation b. A discovery c. A culture lag d. A cultural universal

An innovation

Which of the following men coined the term positivism, and is widely considered the father of sociology? a. Auguste Comte b. Karl Marx c. Max Weber d. Émile Durkheim

Auguste Comte

Sociology can be approached from both a microsociological and a macrosociological perspective. Which is more useful? a. The macrosociological perspective is more useful because it explains how large- scale social institutions influence individuals. b. The microsociological perspective is more useful because it explains how individuals shape and create large-scale social institutions. c. Both are useful and any study that uses only one or the other will be unable to explain anything useful about society. d. Both are useful in different ways because they each provide different types of information about the same object of study.

Both are useful in different ways because they each provide different types of information about the same object of study.

Miguel is doing a research paper on New York City's Stone Wall riots of 1969. He visits the scene of the riots, interviews people who were there, reads the police reports of the event, and watches video footage. Miguel is conducting a(n) ______. a. Overview b. Case study c. Experiment d. Data analysis

Case study

Jeremy wrote an essay criticizing the college admissions process, arguing that heavy competition and limited educational resources make admission difficult for the average student. Which perspective would Jeremy's argument fall under? a. Structural Functionalism b. Conflict Theory c. Symbolic Interactionism d. Behaviorism

Conflict theory

What approach is often used to understand what's defined as deviant within a society? a. Criticism b. Symbolic interactionism c. Constructivism d. Antipositivism

Constructivism

Society and culture _____. a. Could not exist without each other b. Are unrelated c. Are the same thing d. Could not exist together

Could not exist without each other

Kurt and Mitch visit an Amish village on a class trip. "Let's see if we can round up some old radios and appliances and drop them off for them later this week. I think they'll appreciate it. They just don't understand what they're missing." Mitch rolls his eyes. Kurt's perspective is an example of _______. a. Behavioral normativity b. Cultural imperialism c. Material culture d. Ideal culture

Cultural imperialism

Angelica visits Thailand with her family. When she wears short-shorts and tank tops while visiting a series of temples during her first week, she is met with hostility from the locals. She feels she no longer knows how to behave or interact with those outside her family. Angelica is experiencing _____. a. Cultural imperialism b. Culture shock c. Material culture d. Xenocentricism

Culture shock

Which theorist claimed that people rise to their proper level in society based solely on their belief in a meritocracy? a. Karl Marx b. Max Weber c. Herbert Spencer d. Émile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim

Elise travels across Thailand with her friends and, to her surprise, finds the country quite unlike the United States. "I hate the food," she tells her family at home. "I hate the language, I hate the weird customs and awful music. America is clearly the best place to be." This is an example of _______. a. Paradigms b. Xenocentrism c. Moral relativism d. Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism

Tyson is researching whether actors on prime-time television and hit movies negatively impact teenagers' body images. He is going undercover at a local high school to observe and participate with the students to better understand the world they live in. Tyson is conducting which research method? a. Field research b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

Field research

Weber's proposal of antipositivism influenced sociological researchers to ______ while examining different social worlds. a. Reject antiquated notions of privacy and consent b. Methodically predict situational outcomes c. Manipulate test subjects into answering difficult questions d. Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Gain a subjective understanding of human cultural norms

Which of the following is an example of nonreactive research? a. Gathering data from government studies b. Educating classrooms on the necessities of safe sex c. Interviewing heroin addicts and providing them with clean needles d. Volunteering at a local food bank and interacting with homeless persons

Gathering data from government studies

Which of the following is an example of cultural relativism? a. Ingrid becoming upset over the course language used in the Australian Outback. b. Andy marrying a woman who does not practice his religion, though his parents disapprove. c. Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying. d. Joseph protesting the Running of the Bulls while visiting Pamplona.

Helena putting aside her vegetarianism to eat meals with the local tribe she is studying

What group defines themselves through a rejection of the mainstream: a. Beatniks b. Hepcats c. Hipsters d. Hippies

Hippies

Please define C. Wright Mill's sociological imagination. a. The theory that man evolved slowly over time. b. The process of analyzing human behavior based solely on statistics. c. A series of interviews asking subjects about their sleep habits and dreams. d. How individuals understand their own and others' pasts in relation to history and social structure.

How individuals understand their own and others' past in relation to history and social structure

Qualitative sociology can be defined as: a. In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data. b. Virtual interactivity, online polls, and online gaming. c. Door to door sales pitches, cold calls, and press conferences. d. Statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants.

In-depth interviews, focus groups, and/or analysis of content sources as the source of its data

Which of the following is an example of a cultural universal? a. Putting your cell phone on silent during a Broadway production b. Holding hands with your best friend c. Incest taboos d. Marrying the partner whom your parents have chosen for you

Incest taboos

Kendra is researching the effects of vitamin C on test-taking ability. Before the exam, Kendra gives group A orange juice, and group B water. Vitamin C is the ______. a. Experimental group b. Control group c. Dependent variable d. Independent variable

Independent variable

Which of the following statements best characterizes microsociology? a. It is an approach that examines interactions between individuals and how those interactions reflect larger societal patterns. b. It is an approach that examines institutional interactions that occur over time. c. It is an approach that quantifies data about social structures so they can be analyzed statistically. d. It is an approach that focuses exclusively on gender and power as they manifest themselves socially.

It is an approach that examines institutional interactions that occur over time.

What is the importance of interpretive framework? a. It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world. b. It eliminates the need for a literature review. c. It relies on statistics to determine causal relationships. d. It prevents researchers from making unethical decisions.

It leads to in-depth knowledge of a participant's social world

____ believed that societies grew and changed as a result of the struggles of different social classes over the means of production and greatly favored ____. a. Durkheim; Communism b. Max Weber; Positivism c. Karl Marx; Communism d. Comte; Antipositivism

Karl Marx; Communism

Eleanor is researching the effect social media has on worldwide political awareness and revolution. Felix is examining the effect World of Warcraft has on the romantic relationships of middle-aged men in his metro area. Eleanor's analysis is _____, while Felix's analysis is _____. a. Micro-level; macro-level b. Macro-level; micro-level c. They are both macro-level. d. They are both micro-level.

Macro-level; micro-level

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formal norm within the United States? a. Driving on the right hand side of the road b. Crossing streets on cross-walks c. Paying taxes d. Making eye contact while speaking

Making eye contact while speaking

Many Americans pay for haircuts, trips to the dentist, or transportation on the metro and bus systems. These actions support the notion of capitalism, an example of _____. a. Non-material culture b. Material culture c. A cultural universal d. The counterculture

Material culture (?)

What is one difference between a more and a folkway? a. Mores encourage social rebellion; folkways do not. b. Mores are legally acceptable to violate; folkways are not. c. Mores are constructed based on norms; folkways are not. d. Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not.

Mores may carry serious consequences if violated; folkways do not

Which of the following is an example of an unethical sociological research practice? a. Conducting a literature review prior to conducting an experiment b. Drawing conclusions from a study which the hypothesis did not predict c. Observing study participants without their consent d. Using a control group and an experimental group during observation

Observing study participants without their consent

A paradigm can be defined as: a. Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them. b. The social ties that bind a group of people together such as kinship, shared location, and religion c. The consequences of a social process that are sought or anticipated d. Social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Philosophical and theoretical frameworks used within a discipline to formulate theories, generalizations, and the experiments performed in support of them

MTV's widely-watched TV series The Jersey Shore is an example of _____, while the obscure works of playwright Sam Shepard are an example of ______. a. High culture; popular culture b. Popular culture; high culture c. High culture; low culture d. Jersey culture; low culture

Popular culture; high culture

Alona is examining the impact of the 2011 Penn State scandal on student morale and school spirit by distributing number-scaled surveys in her Introduction to Sociology class. Alona is employing a _____ research method. a. Qualitative b. Pathos c. Logos d. Quantitative

Quantitative

Which of the following is not a step in the scientific method? a. Research existing sources b. Report results c. Receive corroboration from the field d. Formulate a hypothesis

Receive corroboration from the field

Kevin conducted a study on whether the length of the line at a local Starbucks affected how well the customers enjoyed their coffee after receiving it. Malcolm conducted the study at his local Starbucks, and found the same results. Kevin's study had a high level of _____. a. Literacy b. Validity c. Interpretation d. Reliability

Reliability

n the early 2000's, The L Word and Queer as Folk debuted on Showtime. Both shows depicted the lives of members of the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) community, thus giving viewers a glimpse into a ______. a. More b. Formal Sanction c. Subculture d. Social relativism

Subculture

After weeks of protest in Zuccotti Park, NYC's "Occupy Wall Street" divided into two camps: one composed of higher income protesters, and one composed of lower-income protesters. A ______ would be most interested in the relationship and nature of day-to- day exchanges between the two groups. a. Conflict theorist b. Structural functionalist c. Symbolic interactionist d. Feminist conflict theorist

Symbolic interactionist

Sociology is defined as the: a. Qualitative analysis of human phenomenon. b. Systematic study of society and social interaction. c. Quantitative analysis of social transgressions. d. Theoretical examination of life's origins.

Systematic study of society and social interaction

Which of the following is an example of an informal sanction? a. The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club. b. Lilly being sent to prison because she failed to pay her taxes. c. Brett illegally downloading the new Black Keys album because he couldn't afford to buy it. d. Sarah buying Lady Gaga tickets from a scalper because the show sold out.

The football team throwing a slushy in Finn's face because he tried to join the Glee club

Which of the following is an example of a counterculture? a. The yuppie craze of the 1980's b. The Kardashian obsession of the 2010's c. The hippie movement of the 1960's d. The disco invasion of the 1970's

The hippie movement of the 1960's

Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological hypothesis? a. The more study halls students are given during the school day, the worse they perform on their tests. b. The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account c. The longer an inmate spends in prison, the more difficult it is for him to adapt to the outside world. d. The more positive reinforcement a parent gives a child, the better they do in school.

The more CDs Jamilla buys, the less money she has in her bank account

Why might Karl Marx and Émile Durkheim be placed far apart on sociology's family tree? a. Marx's work is no longer considered very important. b. Durkheim was more of a psychologist than a sociologist. c. The theoretical approaches they founded are very different. d. Durkheim was French whereas Marx was German.

The theoretical approaches they founded are very different.

Why do ethnocentric people tend to view other cultures as abnormal? a. They have values and beliefs that are universally recognized. b. They use their own culture as a standard of judgment. c. They are practicing cultural relativism. d. They are part of a counterculture.

They use their own culture as a standard of judgment.

Which of the following is not a purpose of the American Sociological Association's code of ethics? a. To guarantee the safety of their participants b. To maintain value neutrality c. To ensure the financial gain of the researchers d. To foster professionally responsible scholarship in sociology

To ensure the financial gain of the researchers

Structural functionalist theory is concerned with the ways in which structures contribute to the stability of society. What is a structure? a. a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society b. any aspect of society that generates conflict or change c. a class hierarchy d. an informal agreement between people over a wide geographical area

a social institution that is stable over time and helps meet the needs of society

Which of the following is an example of something that would be part of a person's symbolic culture? a.Navajo jewelry b. imported French wine c. a Rembrandt painting d. belonging to a political party

belonging to a political party

What economic system emerged during the Industrial Revolution? a. communism b. humanitarianism c. globalization d. capitalism

capitalism

In recent years, sociologists who study deviance have learned that they can measure the quantities of narcotics consumed by a community by testing its sewage before treatment. What part of the research process would the sociologists be carrying out when they visit the sewage treatment plant to test its sewage? a. analyzing data b. forming a hypothesis c. collecting data d. developing an operational definition

collection data

The ability to understand another culture in terms of that culture's own norms and values, without reference to any other culture's standards, is called a. ethnocentrism. b. cultural relativism. c. cultural lag. d. culture shock.

cultural relativism.

Who coined the phrase "the survival of the fittest"? a. Charles Darwin b. Karl Marx c. Émile Durkheim d. Herbert Spencer

herbert spencer

Political science teacher Mr. Jones asks his students to study how social media can influence public opinion by "following" famous activists, academics, and politicians on Twitter. While reading and exchanging each other's Tweets, some classmates became close friends. The first is an example of the project's ____ function, the second is an example of the project's _____ function. a. latent; manifest b. manifest; manifest c. manifest; latent d. latent; latent

manifest; latent

Which of the following research techniques focuses on gaining an insider's perspective of the everyday lives of subjects under investigation, often dispelling stereotypes about the group being investigated? a. participant observation b. surveys c. analysis of existing data d. experiments

participant observation

According to C. Wright Mills, what one quality of mind do all great sociologists possess? a. open-mindedness b. sociological imagination c. praxis d. attention to detail

sociological imagination

Which of the following theories focuses on how our behaviors are dependent on the ways we interpret, make sense of, and define ourselves, others, and social situations? a. conflict theory b. symbolic interactionism c. pragmatism d. structural functionalism

symbolic interactionism

Which social theory focuses on micro-level interactions? a. symbolic interactionism b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. pragmatism

symbolic interactionism

A simple random sample is defined as a sample a. with only one variable. b. that takes into account other demographic variables. c. that weights one variable more than another. d.that provides the same chance of being included to every member of the population.

that provides the same chance of being included to every member of the population.

Norms develop out of a culture's value system.

true

Sociologists claim that culture is the lens through which we perceive and evaluate what is going on in the world around us.

true

Sociologists try to follow the steps of the scientific method or approach to gather new empirical data that can change and deepen our understanding of human social life.

true

You will still have to sacrifice some types of information in order to acquire others even if you pick your research method carefully.

true

Which of the following is an example of something that would be part of a person's or a society's material culture? a. weapons of war b. democracy as a political system c. belief in a supreme being d. a preference to have health rather than wealth

weapons of war

The term language can be defined as: a. Gestures, signs, objects, signals, and words that help people understand the world. b. A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted. c. The exchange of gestures and signals for the purpose of reaching a consensus. d. Communication grounded in ideals, norms, and values.

A symbolic system through which people communicate and through which culture is transmitted

What is the definition of "culture"? a. Culture involves the reactions to the ways in which people follow or disobey norms in society. b. Culture is limited to rules or guidelines about what kind of behavior is acceptable and appropriate within a particular situation. c. Culture is the principle of evaluating another group or individual as abnormal or inferior. d. Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

Culture is the entire way of life of a group of people and it acts as a lens through which we view the world.

Quincia is studying how of the lack of comprehensive sex education is affecting a small, rural town in North Dakota. She spends two months in the town, observing and interviewing the townspeople. Quincia is conducting a(n) _____. a. Ethnography b. Case study c. Experiment d. Secondary data analysis

Experiment

Janet is visiting her childhood friend in the Hamptons. Janet wears ripped jeans and Chuck Taylors to an infamous "White" party. The majority of party-goers refuse to socialize with her. Janet is experiencing a form of ____. a. Formal sanction b. Xenocentricism c. Social control d. Ethnocentricity

Formal sanction

_____ view society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of individuals who make up that society. a. Symbolic Interactionists b. Conflict Theorists c. Structural Functionalists d. Social Individualists

Structural Functionalists

If changing one variable seems to lead to a change in another variable, this shows ________ but does not necessarily prove ________. a. a paradigm shift; causation b. correlation; causation c. causation; correlation d. applied research; a paradigm shift

correlation; causation

The tendency to use your own group's way of doing things as the yardstick for judging others is called a. ethnocentrism. b. culture shock. c. cultural relativism. d. self-centeredness.

ethnocentrism.

The analysis of documents such as medical records, photographs, diaries, letters, newspapers, and song lyrics uses which of the following types of data? a. ethnographic field notes b. interview transcripts c. existing sources d. experimental data

existing sources

According to Durkheim, which of the following is NOT a social fact? a. A religious belief b. A law c. A custom d. All of the above are social facts

All of the above are social facts

What did W. E. B. Du Bois have in common with Harriet Martineau? a. Both made careers of studying race and racism. b. Both were from the American South. c. Both saw symbolic interactionism as the most promising aspect of social theory. d. Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise, but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices.

Both were intrigued by America's democratic promise, but disappointed in its hypocritical injustices.

Max Weber, Georg Simmel, and Karl Marx were all advocates of: a. Conflict theory b. Structural functionalism c. Capitalism d. Symbolic interactionism

Conflict theory

6. The process of simultaneously analyzing the behavior of individuals and the society that shapes that behavior (or, the concept that the individual and society are inseparable) is referred to as: a. Dynamic equilibrium b. Latent functions c. Dramaturgical analysis d. Figuration

Figuration

John wants to study whether a larger number of laptops available to students at his school lead to higher grades. Choose the independent and dependent variable. a. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: Number of laptops b. Independent variable: John; Dependent variable: Grades c. Independent variable: Grades; Dependent variable: John d. Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

Independent variable: Number of laptops; Dependent variable: Grades

In order to better understand the sorority pledging process at her university for her sociology thesis, Carmen pledges with a popular sorority. This is an example of _____. a. Literature review b. Participant observation c. Secondary data analysis d. Dependent variables

Participant observation

Kyle is collecting newspaper clippings from his grandfather about the American public's perception of World War II. This is an example of ______. a. Tertiary data b. Interactive data c. Primary data d. Secondary data

Secondary data

Alexis wants to research the 1960's feminist movement. She reads articles from the time period, watches documentaries, reads scholarly journals on the topic, and interviews influential women from the movement. What kind of research method is Alexis using? a. Ethnography b. Surveys c. Experiments d. Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

Thomas wants to better understand the trends in literacy rates in Baltimore city over the past 50 years using Baltimore city data. What type of research should Thomas conduct? a. A survey b. Field research c. An experiment d. Secondary data analysis

Secondary data analysis

A class of third graders is told that the assistant principal will be visiting their class to confirm their teacher's reports of bad behavior. When the principal visits, the students behave perfectly. This is an example of ________. a. The Authority Effect b. The Regressive Effect c. The Hawthorne Effect d. The Cognizant Effect

The Hawthorne Effect

Xenocentrism is: a. The opposite of cultural relativism b. The opposite of cultural universalism c. The same as cultural imperitivism d. The opposite of ethnocentrism

The opposite of ethnocentrism

Verstehen is defined by the text as: a. To maintain a moral conscience. b. To compare and contrast social facts. c. To understand in a deep way. d. To require proof of interpretation.

To understand in a deep way

Only an authoritative body or formal institution can impose negative sanctions.

false

What was probably Harriet Martineau's MOST important contribution to the development of sociology as a discipline? a. her theory of alienation b. her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English c. her work on an early theory of symbolic interactionism d. her struggle for women's rights

her translation of the work of Auguste Comte into English

Unlike earlier religious traditions that attempted to determine the ultimate cause or source of reality, Auguste Comte developed positivism in order to a. explain how class conflict drove social change. b. argue that symbolic interactions between individuals were the basis for social life. c. justify a particular kind of social system based on hierarchy and privilege. d. identify laws that describe the behavior of a particular reality.

identify laws that describe the behavior of a particular reality.

Sociologists who conduct interviews can only gather data from a limited number of people because a. it is impossible to find enough people through a random sample. b. researchers are only allowed to talk to people who are eighteen and older. c. it is extremely difficult to guarantee confidentiality to large groups. d. interviews are too time-consuming.

interviews are too time-consuming.

Which of the following is a latent function of the educational system in the United States? a. teaching reading and writing b. keeping children out of trouble while parents are at work c. preparing a modern workforce to use technology d. teaching new immigrants about American values and history

keeping children out of trouble while parents are at work

Sociology can be defined as the systematic and scientific study of human society and social behavior, from ________ to ________. a. large-scale institutions; individual interactions b. practical knowledge; scientific knowledge c. individual interactions; small groups d. economics; political science

large-scale institutions; individuals interactions

A sociologist performs an experiment designed to investigate the effect of marriage counseling on divorce. He or she divides research participants into two similar groups of troubled couples, provides only one group with counseling, and observes whether, over time, the two groups eventually divorce at different rates. What is the independent variable in this experiment? a. divorce b. troubled couples c. the overall divorce rate d. marriage counseling

marriage counseling

Designer labels on purses and logos on shirts are both examples of a. values. b. material culture. c. counterculture. d. cultural essentials.

material culture.

Recently, curators at museums have experienced problems with the preservation of plastic objects, almost all of which disintegrate over time. The Smithsonian collection contains the first-ever plastic toothbrush, which soon will be nothing more than a pile of crumbs. This problem is leading many historians to worry that we will lose the history of our a. symbolic culture. b. signs and gestures. c. linguistic relativity. d. material culture.

material culture.

A social research methods class wants to study smoking. First, the professor asks how many people in the class are smokers. Two people indicate that they are. Then she asks how many people have smoked a cigarette in the past week and ten people indicate that they had. From this, the class decides, for the purposes of the survey, a smoker will be anyone who has smoked a cigarette in the past week and currently owns a pack of cigarettes. This is a(n) a. operational definition. b. hypothesis. c. spurious correlation. d. ethical challenge.

operational definition.

What school of social theory believes that society is a stable system of structures, which contribute to the equilibrium of the whole? a. symbolic interactionism b. dramaturgy c. structural functionalism d. conflict theory

structural functionalism

Which of the following theories views society as a whole unit made up of interrelated parts that work together? a. structural functionalism b. conflict theory c. symbolic interactionism d. postmodernism

structural functionalism

What historical events convinced Auguste Comte that society needed to be guided by thinkers who understood social laws? a. the American Civil War and the battle over slavery b. globalization and the rise of international trade and commerce c. the French Revolution and the instability that followed it d. the age of exploration and the expansion of European powers into Africa

the French Revolution and the instability that followed it

What is the sociological imagination? a. a characteristic of society that ensures people remain ignorant of the connections between their lives and social change b. a particular way of understanding the criminal mind such as that of a serial killer c. the ability to understand the connections between biography and history or the self and the world d. the sociological approach that assumes individual decisions and interactions are independent of larger social institutions

the ability to understand the connections between biography and history or the self and the world