Exam 2

Which of these is a need-based theory of motivation? a. Expectancy theory b. ERG theory c. Equity theory d. None of the above

ERG theory

Upward communication refers to a. communications transmitted outside the organization. b. communication from a single individual to many. c. communication that travels from frontline employees to management. d. communication that travels from one department to another.

c. communication that travels from frontline employees to management

The Holmes-Rahe scale ascribes different stress values to life events. The work-related event with the highest number of stress points is a. having a conflict with your boss. b. experiencing a change in your work hours. c. getting fired. d. getting new responsibilities at work.

c. getting fired.

When an organization moves employees from job to job at regular intervals, they are practicing a. job enlargement. b. job enrichment. c. job rotation. d. job specialization.

c. job rotation.

In the sentence, "I did not tell the teacher you were cheating," if the word "I" was emphasized by the tone of your voice, what are you implying? a. I was talking about someone else. b. I told the teacher you were cheating. c. This did not happen. d. Someone else told the teacher you were cheating.

d. Someone else told the teacher you were cheating

According to the job-demands-resources (JD-R) model, job stress can be best managed by a. ignoring it. b. increasing mindfulness. c. decreasing resources available. d. reducing job demands.

d. reducing job demands.

In the workplace, motivation refers to a. the intersection of performance and ability. b. the only key to high performance. c. the skills and knowledge required to perform the job. d. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.

d. the intention of achieving a goal, leading to goal-directed behavior.

Zoe and Zane are graphic designers at Highland Lithographics. Both have the same job description and were hired at about the same time. Earlier this month, Zoe found out that Zane makes $15.00 an hour while she makes $12.00. What theory of motivation best explains why Zoe went to her boss to complain about the pay disparity and try to get a raise? a. Equity theory b. ERG theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Expectancy theory

Equity theory

How could a firm best satisfy an employee's safety needs? a. Create a job security clause in the employment contract. b. Develop an employee softball league. c. Provide an employee appreciation luncheon. d. Enroll the employee in a Microsoft Office training course.

a. Create a job security clause in the employment contract.

What advice will help improve your listening habits?a. Paraphrase the speaker's points to ensure you understand. b. Interrupt the speaker to clarify and ensure you understand their point. c. Focus on listening for what you want to hear. d. Think about what you will say while the other person is talking.

a. Paraphrase the speaker's points to ensure you understand.

Sleep research on stress indicates that a. about one-third of U.S. adults report difficulties sleeping. b. work-life conflict makes good sleep easier to achieve. c. technology is attributed to a decline in insomnia. d. stress contributes to toxic oversleeping.

a. about one-third of U.S. adults report difficulties sleeping.

A key element of the scientific management philosophy is a. breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization. b. using training and specific instructions to maximize task variety. c. minimizing waste while still retaining high levels of autonomy. d. expanding the nature of tasks performed by employees to add more variety to the job.

a. breaking down jobs into their simplest components to facilitate specialization.

Organizational communication helps retain top-performing employees when firms a. keep employees informed about matters that affect them. b. work to increase harmony among top management. c. decrease employee feedback and assessment. d. communicate more effectively with customers.

a. keep employees informed about matters that affect them.

Increased reliance on Zoom and other digital platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic caused an uptick in __________ for business communicators. a. listener fatigue b. emotional engagement c. active listening d. information processing

a. listener fatigue

The procedures, policies, and methods used to support and improve employee performance are known as a. performance management. b. appraisal operations. c. operational oversight. d. performance characteristics.

a. performance management.

Effective time management techniques include a. prioritization. b. psychological detachment. c. procrastination. d. All of the above.

a. prioritization.

Employee Assistance Programs are offered by organizations in order to a. provide help to employees with personal problems. b. allow paid time off for extended periods of time. c. offer advanced training to interested employees. d. facilitate relationship development and camaraderie.

a. provide help to employees with personal problems.

How can managers best influence the perceptions of expectancy theory? a. Recognize the good performance of individuals with cost effective items like coffee mugs and t-shirts. b. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program. c. Regardless of the performance rating given on a performance evaluation, make certain that everyone gets a small raise annually. d. Individuals with an internal locus of control and high self-esteem believe there is little connection between their effort and performance so a great deal of feedback is needed to motivate them.

b. Conduct employee surveys periodically to ascertain what employees consider to be rewards for performance and integrate that in some manner into the performance evaluation program.

According to Maslow, an example of physiological needs may be satisfied by a. feeling danger-free. b. food. c. feelings of importance. d. human connections.

b. food.

A position high in autonomy allows an employee to a. complete an identifiable piece of work from start to finish. b. have freedom to decide how to perform their tasks. c. substantially impact other people's health, work, or well-being. d. utilize multiple high-level skills.

b. have freedom to decide how to perform their tasks.

Lidia works as the administrative assistant for a busy real estate team. She schedules client appointments, and resolves many routine client questions or issues, although confidential matters are handled by individual agents. In addition, Lidia maintains the website for the entire team, and is responsible for its social media presence. Lidia's job can be described as a. low in skill variety. b. high in task significance. c. high in task identity. d. All of the above.

b. high in task significance.

Someone who is high in emotional intelligence engages in what practice? a. decreases their self-awareness while increasing their social awareness b. increases their awareness of their own and others' emotions c. increases their psychological distance from the workplace d. decreases their own needs and prioritizes others' needs

b. increases their awareness of their own and others' emotions

If students try to go online to view a posted syllabus and the university'scomputer system keeps shutting down as they try to access it, the studentsare dealing with which aspect of the communication model? a. message b. noise c. feedback d. medium

b. noise

Information-rich channels convey more a. nonessential information. b. nonverbal information. c. written information. d. verbal information.

b. nonverbal information.

Communication fulfills three main organizational functions which are a. training, explaining, and maintaining. b. transmitting information, sharing emotions, and coordination. c. control, collaboration, and coordination. d. forming, storming, and norming.

b. transmitting information, sharing emotions, and coordination.

Imagine that you are a salesperson in a major department store. Though you might not actually believe in this practice, you follow the policy of "the customer is always right" in your daily work at the store. However, since you do not agree with that view, you often experience a. genuine acting. b. flow. c. cognitive dissonance. d. emotional contagion.

c. cognitive dissonance.

It is finals week at State University and Allie has five finals in three days. She is so tired she just ate a chocolate bar loaded with caramel for dinner. Allie is probably experiencing the __________ of the General Adaptation Syndrome. a. alarm phase b. adaptation phase c. exhaustion phase d. resistance phase

c. exhaustion phase

The first step of an organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) program is a. measure the baseline level. b. evaluate and maintain. c. identify behavior to be modified. d. analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

c. identify behavior to be modified.

Which psychological state has research identified as the most important for employee attitudes and behaviors? a. motivation b. responsibility c. meaningfulness d. knowledge of results

c. meaningfulness

To influence instrumentality, managers can a. give employees choice over rewards. b. ensure that the environment facilitates performance. c. encourage people to believe their effort makes a difference. d. consistently reward high performers.

consistently reward high performers.

What are the two basic elements of a performance review? a. Employee performance is measured and shared with peers, customers. and subordinates. b. Managers evaluate and discuss aspects of employees' performance with each other. c. Managers set individual goals and communicate them to individual employees. d. Employee performance is measured and communicated to the employee.

d. Employee performance is measured and communicated to the employee.

During a crisis for an organization, what is good communications practice? a. Have a low-level spokesperson handle the matter. b. Issue a denial until all the facts are in. c. Immediately counterattack and blame the media. d. Have a high-ranking company official communicate the response.

d. Have a high-ranking company official communicate the response

When organizational behavior modification (OB Mod) is used to examine employee absenteeism, which step looks at why employees are absent? a. Step 2: Measure the baseline level. b. Step 1: Identify behavior to modify c. Step 5: Evaluate and maintain. d. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

d. Step 3: Analyze behavior antecedents and outcomes.

Allie glances at the clock and notes it is three hours until her first final of the week. She still has two chapters to study. Her heart rate increases, and she feels pain in the pit of her stomach. Allie seems to be experiencing symptoms of which stress phase? a. resistance phase b. exhaustion phase c. stressor phase d. alarm phase

d. alarm phase

Marta works on an auto assembly line. Last year she was responsible for welding the upper panel of the wheel well onto the left rear wheel area. This year, she is also responsible for welding all parts of the entire left rear wheel area and checking for quality workmanship. Marta's position underwent a job redesign using a. job specialization. b. job rotation. c. job enrichment. d. job enlargement.

d. job enlargement

Marvin and Ed are next-door neighbors, and their sons are best friends. They take the boys on many father-son outings and coach their soccer team together. Ed is Marvin's boss at ABC Corporation, and always gives him high ratings. There may be bias in those ratings due to a. leniency. b. contrast. c. stereotypes. d. liking.

d. liking.

Countries high in power distance and authoritarianism respond negatively to a. review systems where higher-level employees give performance feedback to their employees. b. goal setting initiatives for employees. c. goal setting initiatives for management. d. review systems where lower-level employees give performance feedback to their managers.

d. review systems where lower-level employees give performance feedback to their managers.

McClelland designed a method of showing the subject an ambiguous image and having them write a story about it. This method is called the ___________ and it assesses the subject's ___________. a. equity formula; input-output ratio b. Two-Factor Theory; motivators c. needs hierarchy; lowest-level need d. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need

d. Thematic Apperception Test; dominant need

The concept of flow refers to a. applying the principles of athletic performance to workplace performance. b. ongoing negative emotional states resulting from dissatisfaction. c. the regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes. d. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity.

d. a state of consciousness where a person is totally absorbed in an activity.