exam 2
The FDA, Food Safety and Inspection Service, and CDC jointly publish this reference document for regulatory agencies responsible for overseeing food safety in retail outlets: Food Code Food Law FoodNet Food Regulations
A
When cooking fish, it should reach an internal temperature of: 135°F for 15 seconds. 145°F for 15 seconds. 155°F for 15 seconds. 165°F for 15 seconds.
B
Vision problems in older adults may be due to dietary factors such as a(n) excess intake of sodium. low intake of antioxidants. excess intake of fat and cholesterol. low intake of B-vitamins.
B. Low intake of antioxidants can lead to vision problems later in life, as antioxidants repair cell damage.
For a food to be labeled "light" or "lite," how many calories can it contain? At least 25% fewer calories than the regular food Less than 5 calories One-third fewer calories than the regular food No more than 40 calories
C The food labeling law defines "light" or "lite" as 1/3 fewer calories than the regular food.
The primary safeguard of foodservice quality is adherence to_____. menus purchase orders specifications HACCP standards
C. A specification is a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item. The purchasing agent, the purveyors of the company, and the company's receiving clerk should each have a set of the established specifications. A purchase specification is a concise description of the quality, size, and weight or count factors desired for a particular item. Management establishes standard purchase specifications based on a thorough study of the menu needs and merchandising and pricing policies. The purchasing agent, the purveyors of the company, and the company's receiving clerk should each have a set of the established specifications.
Shell eggs should be stored at or below 32⁰F. 41⁰F. 45⁰F. 50⁰F.
C. Shell eggs are the only food stored at an air temperature of 45⁰F or lower. Other cold foods are stored at 41⁰F or lower.
Which of the following nutrients is essential for growth and sexual maturation in adolescents? Calcium Selenium Zinc Iron
C. Zinc deficiency is the hallmark sign of growth retardation and sexual immaturity.
The greatest number of employee injuries in kitchens is from burns. contusions. sharp knives. slippery floors.
D. Falls on wet or greasy floors in a kitchen will cause more injuries and more severe injuries leading to potential workman's compensation claims than burns or cuts.
Gluten free whole grains
gluten free are amaranth, millet, teff, buckwheat, and quinoa.
A community nutritionist can best elicit opinions as to why a particular nutrition program is not working by forming a focus group. examining the results of the pre-test and post-test. sharing the problem with similar agencies. redefining the target population.
A. A focus group would allow the nutritionist to solicit opinions from members of a target group regarding perceived needs and barriers, or even why certain programs aren't working.
A preventive cardiology clinic sees patients who come to their clinic without initial coronary heart disease. Five years after the clinic opened, the physician conducts a chart review of these patients to compare the development of coronary heart disease among two groups: all patients and patients who were referred to the registered dietitian nutritionist. This is a retrospective cohort study. correlational study. prospective cohort study. prevalence study.
A. A retrospective cohort study looks at data from the past on a group of people after they have developed the outcome of interest. A prospective cohort study follows a group of people before any of the subjects have developed the outcome of interest.
What decision-making technique focuses on the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what the competitor does? Game theory Simulation Artificial Intelligence Queuing theory
A. A variety of decision-making techniques have been developed. Game theory introduces a competitive note to decision-making by bringing into a situation the actions of an opponent. The objective is to obtain the highest gains with the smallest amount of losses, regardless of what a competitor does. Simulation utilizes devices for imitating real-life occurrences and studying their properties, behaviors, and operating characteristics (eg, virtual reality). Artificial intelligence attempts to duplicate the thought processes of experienced decision makers (eg, expert systems). Queuing balances the cost of waiting lines against the cost of preventing them by expanding facilities.
When utilizing support personnel in the delivery of customer-centered care, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Professional Performance state that the registered dietitian nutritionist is expected to utilize support personnel in accordance with law, regulations, and organization policies. rules of ethical practice, Joint Commission standards, and effective outcomes. established practices, organizational needs, and rules of ethical practice. regulations, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics standards, and established directives.
A. According to Standard 3.5 of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists, RDNs are expected to "use professional, technical, and support personnel appropriately in the delivery of customer-centered care or services in accordance with laws, regulations, and organization policies and procedures."
Which of the following financial terms includes accumulated depreciation? Fixed assets Owner's equity Liability Gross profit
A. Accumulated depreciation is the total depreciation of an asset up to a given date, which is subtracted from the original cost of the item. Accumulated depreciation is included in an organization's fixed assets.
A group that is organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect or defeat political candidates is called a(n) political action committee. health advocacy organization. alliance. lobbying group.
A. Although all groups listed may have an impact on the legislature process, political action committees, or PACs, are the only ones organized for the purpose of raising and spending money to elect or defeat a political candidate.
Which additive is useful as a bleaching agent? Benzoyl peroxide Citric acid Canthaxanthin Butylated hydroxyanisole
A. Benzoyl peroxide is a food additive that can be used as a flour treatment agent. It oxidizes the naturally occurring carotenoids in flour, which gives untreated flour a yellowish tint, and whitens the flour as a result.
Which of the following is a current asset? Accounts receivable China Small equipment Retained earnings
A. Current assets are those that are liquid or can easily be converted to cash. China and small equipment cannot be quickly converted to cash. Retained earnings are the part of income that is set aside by the company instead of being distributed to shareholders. Accounts receivable represent current assets.
Which area in a kitchen usually has the least amount of light? Dry-storage Utensil-storage Preparation Inside reach-in refrigerator
A. Dry storage needs a minimum of 10 foot-candles. Utensil-storage and inside reach-in refrigerators need a minimum of 20 foot-candles. Preparation areas need a minimum of 50 foot-candles.
Which of the following is responsible for reviewing safety information related to food ingredients and food packaging? Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) International Food Information Council (IFIC) Food Safety Alliance for Packaging (FSAP) US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
A. Each of these entities addresses different food regulations, but CFSAN is the agency that reviews safety information for ingredients and packaging.
Which statement best describes the F component of the FADE performance improvement model? Choose a specific problem or process to improve Review data to better understand the current process Create a plan Complete a pilot study
A. In the FADE model, F stands for focus; during this step, the process to be improved is identified and defined. Review of data is included in A, or analyze. Action plans are developed in D, or develop, and pilot studies are conducted in E, or execute.
What does the F component of the FOCUS-PDCA performance improvement model represent? Identify a process to improve Develop a team Explain the current process Maintain and continue improvement
A. In the FOCUS-PDCA model for performance improvement, F represents finding an area to improve. F = Find an improvement area O = Organize a team C = Clarify current practices U = Understand source of variation/problem S = Select a strategy PDCA = Plan Do Check Act PDSA, or Plan-Do-Study-Act, is an iterative, four-stage problem-solving model used for improving a process or carrying out change. The P component of PDSA includes planning how changes will be implemented. Actual implementation of the changes is included in D, determining the impact of the change is part of S (study). A, or act, includes reflecting on the plan and the outcomes.
________________ describes the linking together of free fatty acids during frying, which makes the oil more viscous and prone to foaming. Polymerization Smoke point Flashing Hydrolytic rancidity
A. Polymerization increases oil viscosity, decreases oil quality, and leaves a sticky film on fryers, manufacturing equipment, and front-of-house surfaces.
What measures the ability of an organization to generate excess income in relation to sales? Profitability Solvency Liquidity Activity
A. Profitability measures a company's ability to generate excess income in relation to sales. Solvency refers to an organization's ability to meet its long-term debts, while liquidity refers to the organization's ability to meet short-term debts. Activity refers to the rate at which an organization transfers non-cash assets into cash assets.
What type of metal pan is best for retaining the anthocyanin coloring in turnips ? Stainless steel Cast iron Copper Aluminum
A. Reactive metals can affect pigment in foods. Non-reactive metal cookware. Therefore, use stainless steel or heat-safe glass for cooking anthocyanin vegetables and fruits and store them in stainless steel or glass containers.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC)? The CAC is funded by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The CAC develops international standards and codes to promote growth of industry. The United States is required by international law to abide by Codex standards. The Codex lacks a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods.
A. The CAC is funded by the FAO and the WHO. The CAC develops international standards and codes to protect consumers. The Codex maintains a standard for labeling of prepackaged foods but the United States is not required by international law to abide by Codex standards.
If the community nutritionist needed information about residents who are at least 65 years old, the best source of existing information would be the Department of Health and Human Services. Department of Agriculture. Department of Education. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
A. The Department of Health and Human Services administers Social Security (for individuals 65 years of age and older), so this agency would have data uniquely related to this group.
To make sure the correct service or treatment is delivered to the correct individual, what is an acceptable patient identifier in a health care setting? Patient's phone number Patient's initials Patient's illness or condition Patient's age and sex
A. The Joint Commission recommends using at least two patient identifiers when providing care, treatment, and services. to avoid wrong-patient errors at all stages of diagnosis and treatment. Acceptable identifiers may be the individual's full name, an assigned identification number, telephone number, or other person-specific identifier such as date of birth. The Joint Commission. 2017 Ambulatory Care National Patient Safety Goals. Available at: https://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/standards/national-patient-safety-goals/npsg_chapter_hap_jan2020.pdf. Accessed January 31, 2020.
In developing a community nutrition intervention, a logic model graphically shows how various elements of planning lead to intended outcomes. provides a detailed budget that addresses various types of costs of the project. is used primarily for planning rather than implementation or evaluation. illustrates the underlying educational philosophies used in the intervention.
A. The logic model is a graphic that shows inputs, outputs, and outcomes or impact. It is used in program planning, implementation, and evaluation.
According to USDA guidelines, during a power outage the refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about ____ hour(s) and a full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately ______ hours if the door remains closed. 4, 48 1, 12 2, 24 6, 72
A. The refrigerator should keep food safely cold for about 4 hours if it is unopened. A full freezer will hold the temperature for approximately 48 hours (24 hours if it is half full and the door remains closed).
A 72-year-old woman with chronic heart failure and symptomatic edema who is on enteral feeding is treated with thiazide medication. What would you expect her labs to reveal as a result of this medication and its delivery method? Hypokalemia Hypernatremia Hypocalcemia Hypoglycemia
A. Thiazide is a diuretic that pulls potassium from the blood. Hypokalemia should be expected in the laboratory results.
A general rule for appropriate portion sizes for toddlers and preschool children is to offer 1 Tbsp of each food per meal for each year of the child's age. ¼ to ½ cup of each of three foods per meal. 2 Tbsp of each food per meal for each year of the child's age. ½ of the adult portion.
A. Toddlers and preschool children should be given 1 Tbsp of each food for each year of age at meals.
Which additive might be useful as a sequestrant to maintain whiteness of canned potatoes? Disodium inosinate Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) Guar gum Dipotassium phosphate
B. A class of food additives known as sequestrants can be added to food to react with trace metals in foods, forming tightly bound complexes (sequestered), thereby preventing the decomposition of the food. The sodium and calcium salts of EDTA are common sequestrants in many kinds of foods and beverages.
Which pectic substance found in mature fruits loses its ability to form a gel? Pectinic acid Pectic acid Pectin Protopectin
B. As fruit ripens, there is maximum protopectin present; thereafter, it breaks down to pectin, pectinic acid, and, finally, pectic acid, and the fruit softens as the adhesive between the cells breaks down. Fruit that is just underripe or just ripe contains the highest level of pectin that the fruit is going to reach; past that, the pectin levels will decrease.
Hot, potentially hazardous foods must be cooled to ___ °F or below within 2 hours and then cooled to ___ °F or below in the next 4 hours. 140, 41 70, 41 41, 32 100, 38
B. Bacteria grows much faster at temperatures between 125°F and 70°F so it's important to have food pass through this temperature range quickly to reduce growth of bacteria. Food must continue to be cooled to 41°F or lower to be removed from the temperature danger zone.
Fruits and vegetables that have not been blanched prior to freezing are more susceptible to which kind of deterioration? Fermentation Browning Biological spoilage Freezer burn
B. Blanching slows or stops the enzyme action. Enzymes help vegetables grow and mature. After maturation, however, the enzymes cause loss of quality, flavor, color, texture, and nutrients.
Which of the following is a main component of continuous quality improvement (CQI)? Development of new products or services Data collection Grass-roots initiatives Identification of high performing areas
B. CQI involves use of the scientific method for data collection. Other components include the identification of need including areas of low quality, commitment of management, prioritization, planning, and organization.
Which of the following is true with regard to offering discounts for nutrition services? Cash-paying clients should be excluded from receiving discounts Medicare and Medicaid recipients are ineligible for discounts to covered services Payors prefer that clients pay out of pocket when they are able, even for covered services Discounts for cash-paying clients should be offered based on insurance coverage
B. Discounts are not allowed for Medicare and Medicaid recipients if the service is covered by their plan; however, discounts may be offered to this population for services that are not covered. Discounts should generally be offered consistently, regardless of method of payment. And many payors prohibit insured individuals from paying out-of-pocket for a covered service performed by a contracted provider.
The largest hunger-relief organization in the United States is UNICEF. Feeding America. Meals on Wheels Association of America. The Hunger Project.
B. Feeding America is the largest domestic hunger-relief organization in the United States and serves the greatest number of food insecure individuals in the United States. UNICEF and the Hunger Project are international organizations.
What type of budget uses the existing budget as a base and projects changes for the ensuing year in relation to the current budget? Fixed Incremental Flexible Zero-based
B. Fixed budgets (also known as static budgets) do not change based on variations in business. Flexible budgets are able to change depending on business activity. Incremental budgets use existing budget numbers as a base with incremental amounts added relative to the current budget.
Which food is likely to be irradiated to inhibit deterioration due to mold formation? Soda pop Fresh strawberries Poultry Ground beef
B. Fruits and vegetables are prone to destruction by mold. Irradiation prolongs shelf life of many fruits and vegetables by reducing growth of spoilage bacteria and mold and by inhibiting sprouting and maturation
In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain <3 g fat and <120 mg cholesterol. <480 mg sodium. >2 grams of protein. >3 grams of dietary fiber.
B. In order for a manufacturer to label a food as "healthy," it must contain <3 g fat; <1g saturated fat; <480 mg sodium; and <60 mg cholesterol.
The recommended weight gain during pregnancy for a woman with a BMI between18.5 and 24.9 is 15 to 20 pounds. 25 to 35 pounds. 28 to 40 pounds. 35 to 45 pounds.
B. Normal pregnancy weight is based on BMI; for a woman with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9, normal pregnancy weight gain is 25 to 35 pounds. underweight women or expecting twins/multiples gain 28 to 40 pounds, women of normal weight gain 25 to 35 pounds, overweight women gain 15 to 25 pounds, and obese women gain 11 to 20 pounds.
________________ is when a starch gel contracts and may leak water. Dextrinization Retrogradation Cold pressing Gelatinization
B. Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place in gelatinized starch when the amylose and amylopectin chains realign themselves, causing the liquid to gel.
What is the minimum internal cooking temperature of shell eggs that are hot-held for service? 165°F 155°F 145°F 135°F
B. Shell eggs that will be served immediately are cooked to 145°F, but shell eggs hot-held for service are cooked to 155°F.
Which additive would inhibit mold in soda pop? Sorbitol Sodium benzoate Caramel Propyl gallate
B. Sodium benzoate is a preservative, bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.
Which agency enforces food safety in a restaurant? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention State or local regulatory authority Food and Drug Administration US Department of Agriculture
B. State and local regulatory authorities inspect operations, enforce regulations, and investigate complaints and illnesses. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigates outbreaks of foodborne illness. The Food and Drug Administration issues the Model Food Code. The Department of Agriculture regulates food that crosses state boundaries or involves more than one state.
Which of the following sets of business terms represents marketing? Emphasis on product, sales-volume-oriented, needs of seller Customer wants, profit-oriented, future growth Sales-volume-oriented, customer wants, planning for today Profit-oriented, future growth, needs of seller
B. Successful marketing focuses on producing goods that customers want, forecasting future growth, and being profit oriented. On the other hand, selling stresses the needs of the seller, focuses on the product, is sales-volume-oriented, and plans for today.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends breastfed infants receive vitamin D supplementation of 200 IU per day. 400 IU per day. 600 IU per day. 1000 IU per day.
B. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends supplementing breastfed infants with 400 IU vitamin D per day beginning soon after birth, as they generally do not get enough. Infants taking in less than 1 liter of infant formula per day should also be supplemented. 800IU for adults
With regard to staff members having and consuming food and beverage items in patient care areas, Joint Commission standards require that all food and beverages be consumed in break areas. do not specifically address this issue. prohibit food and drinks if contamination might occur. require that an environment or care risk assessment be performed to address potential patient safety issues.
B. The Joint Commission standards do not specifically address the issue of food and drink being present and/or consumed in patient care areas. However, the Joint Commission does require compliance with applicable laws and regulations as well as the institution's own policies and procedures; thus it is possible that the organization per se or state or local laws would prohibit food and drink in clinical areas even though Joint Commission does not prohibit this directly.
Which of the following is a component of the National Academy of Medicine's framework for health care quality? Responsiveness to change Access Institutional focus Independent departmental functionality
B. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly Institute of Medicine) identifies health care quality based on effectiveness, safety, timeliness, patient/family-ceteredness, access, efficiency, care coordination, and health system infrastructure capabilities.
A report indicates that survivors of a massive earthquake who are 24 months of age or younger have an RR for cholera of 3.3. This means that children who are 24 months of age or younger who are living in an earthquake devastated-area are approximately 30% more likely to develop cholera than children of this age who live outside the post-earthquake area. have more than three times greater risk of developing cholera than children of this age who live outside the post-earthquake area. have approximately 30% lower risk of developing cholera than children of this age who live outside the post-earthquake area. are one-third as likely to develop cholera as children of this age who live outside the post-earthquake area.
B. The epidemiologic term "relative risk," or RR, is defined as follows: if RR > 1.0, the exposed group (in this case, children living in the earthquake area) are at a greater risk of a disease than the unexposed group.
What measures can be taken to improve tolerance to enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis? Using a standard polymeric formula Switching from bolus to continuous infusion Waiting 72 hours before initiating EN Infusing EN into the stomach
B. Tolerance of EN in patients with moderate to severe acute pancreatitis can be improved by measures such as including minimizing the period of ileus by initiating EN as soon as possible within the first 48 hours of ICU admission, diverting the level of infusion of EN more distally in the GI tract, changing from standard polymeric formula to either a formula with small peptides and medium-chain triglycerides or a nearly fat‐free elemental formula, and switching from bolus to continuous infusion.
What term is used to indicate the monetary value of a property or business beyond any amounts owed? Total assets Owner's equity Long-term liabilities Gross profit
B. Total assets are anything owned by the company including liabilities. Gross profit is the difference between net sales and the cost of the items or services sold. Monetary value of a property or business beyond debts is called owner's equity.
Which of the following are the correct Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts to use in a child care center for assessing the growth of a 6-year-old boy? Weight-for-age and length-for-age charts Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts Stature-for-age and weight-for-stature charts Length-for-age and weight-for-stature charts
B. Weight-for-age and stature-for-age charts are used in children aged 2-20 years. Weight-for-stature charts are only used in children aged 2-5 years; length-for-age and weight-for-age are used in infants and toddlers from birth to 2 years of age. The CDC recommends using World Health Organization charts for children 0-2 years of age and then CDC growth charts for children older than 2 years of age.
This emulsifier is manufactured by splitting a fatty acid off triacylglycerol molecules and is useful in frozen desserts, shortening, and margarine. Lecithin EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) Diglycerides Glycerol
C. At high temperatures, triglycerides are capable of rearranging into monoglycerides and diglycerides. Diglycerides are emulsifiers that are used in the food industry to improve texture, stability, volume, softness, aeration, homogenization, and shelf life.
Which of the following approaches is recommended to help reduce poor outcomes when treating overweight and obese clients? Prescribe a strict eating pattern with clearly demarcated health consequences for noncompliance Present case studies of other clients who experienced poor outcomes as examples of worst-case results Self-assess bias to ensure negative perceptions are omitted from client evaluation Encourage client to check in daily with a full report of the previous day's intake
C. Bias toward individuals with overweight and obesity does occur in health care settings, when clinicians hold beliefs that those with obesity are lazy, do not comply with nutrition intervention, and lack self-control. Experiencing such bias from health care professionals is more likely to lead overweight/obese clients to avoid health screenings, cancel appointments, demonstrate maladaptive eating behaviors, and experience poorer treatment outcomes. Taking steps to increase empathy and reduce bias, such as developing a strong understanding of the complexities related to overweight/obesity, are recommended.
Which of the following social or economic trends is thought to have the most important consequences for future community nutrition practice? The segment of the US population growing most rapidly is children aged 12 years and younger Different generations in the United States having similar values and attitudes about health The deteriorating global environmental indicators such as climate change, degradation of topsoil, and increased use of many chemical pollutants The food purchasing practices and preferences in the United States that indicate a desire for an extensive variety of "value-added," pre-prepared foods
C. Deteriorating global environmental indicators are projected to affect future community nutrition practice more than any other social or economic trend. The other options are incorrect because the fastest growing segment of the US population is those older than 65, there is generational diversity in health-related values and attitudes, and purchasing practices indicate a desire and awareness of locally grown and fresh food.
Which health education planning model demonstrates that lasting behavior change is voluntary and must include input from the client? PATCH The 10-step Planning Model PRECEDE-PROCEED CDCynergy
C. Each of the options listed are planning models, but the distinguishing characteristic of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model is that behavior change is voluntary.
What are the estimated kilocalorie needs of a 4-month-old infant who weighs 14 pounds? 509 623 687 724
C. Energy needs are calculated as 108 kcal/kg for infants 6 months of age and younger. For a 14 pound (6.36 kg) infant, 687 kcal is the estimated caloric requirement.
Structure/function claims on the label of a dietary supplement might describe how a nutrient prevents a disease. alters the treatment of a disease. affects normal body function. cures common ailments.
C. FDA guidelines allow statements on dietary supplements that describe how a nutrient affects normal body function. On January 6, 2000, the FDA published a final rule in the Federal Register defining the types of statements that may be used on the label of dietary supplements without prior review by the agency (65 FR 1000) (http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/fr000106.html). According to the FDA, statements that describe the effect a dietary supplement may have on the structure or function of the body are called structure/function claims. FDA's regulation also provides criteria to assist the consumer in determining when a statement about a dietary supplement is a disease claim, that is, a claim to diagnose, cure, mitigate, treat, or prevent disease. Disease claims require prior approval by the FDA and may be made only for approved drug products or for foods under separate legal provisions that apply to health claims.
Breastfeeding is likely to be successful if it is attempted once an infant reaches a gestational age of 28 weeks. 31 weeks. 32 weeks. 34 weeks.
C. Grasping the nipple begins in preterm infants at about 28 weeks gestational age, and suckling and removing some milk begins at about 31 weeks. The coordination of suckling, swallowing and breathing develops between 32 and 35 weeks of pregnancy, though suckling for only a short time is typical at that age. (Breastfeeding skills typically fully develop at 36 weeks gestational age.)
What toxin is commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackerel, and mahimahi? Anisakis simplex Vibrio vulnificus Histamine Ciguatoxin
C. Histamine is a toxin commonly linked to tuna, bonito, mackerel, and mahimahi. Anisakis simplex is a parasite commonly linked with cod, halibut, mackerel, and pacific salmon. Vibrio vulnificus is a bacteria commonly linked to oysters from contaminated water. Ciguatoxin is a toxin commonly linked to barracuda, grouper, jacks, snapper.
Which of the following populations have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency? School-age children and children ages 3 to 5 years old Infants and school-age children Infants and adolescents Children ages 3 to 5 years old and adolescents
C. Infants have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency because their diets are primarily milk based, and milk is not high in iron. Adolescents have a higher prevalence of iron deficiency because of their increased iron needs to support the rapid growth that occurs at this point in the lifespan.
During their peak growth spurt, adolescent males are at greatest risk for a deficiency of protein. copper. iron. phosphorus.
C. Iron needs increase at a higher rate for adolescent males for development of lean body mass.
Which of the following is the most accurate list of nutrition-related side effects of contraceptive injections? Weight loss, decreased blood levels of HDL-cholesterol, and decreased bone density Weight gain and increased blood levels of LDL-cholesterol and insulin Weight gain, increased blood levels of LDL-cholesterol, decreased blood levels of HDL-cholesterol, and decreased bone density Increased blood levels of LDL-cholesterol and insulin, weight loss, and decreased blood levels of HDL-cholesterol
C. Potential nutrition-related side effects in patients receiving contraceptive injections include weight gain, increased LDL cholesterol, decreased HDL cholesterol, and decreased bone density.
Which food would be most likely to contain propyl gallate? Gelatin dessert Nonfat dry milk Frozen pork sausage Canned tomatoes
C. Propyl gallate is an antioxidant that is added to foods containing oils and fats to prevent oxidation. Oxidation is most likely to occur in products that contain fat, including sausage.
What name is given to standard methods of accounting and presentation of financial statements that provide comparability of financial data within an industry? Public accounting Internal auditing Uniform systems of accounts Cost accounting
C. Public accounting may include work with clients to issue educated tax advice. Other public accounting practices are used to provide advice on business decisions and transactions or insurance and benefits. Public accounting encompasses a wide range of accounting roles. Internal auditing examines a company's financial records, ensuring their quality and legality. Uniform systems of accounts represent standard methods of accounting within an industry.
Which of the following is an element of the Chronic Care Model (CCM)? Inclusive team management Comprehensive data collection Clinical information systems Employee motivation at all levels
C. The Chronic Care Model encompasses care provided in the community and by health systems. Clinical information systems are part of the health systems component of the CCM. Motivation at all levels, inclusive team management, and comprehensive data collection are not specified elements of the CCM.
Which of the following is an example of an FDA-authorized health claim? "This product reduces LDL cholesterol by 4% and increases HDL cholesterol by 10% in 6 weeks." "This product contains omega-3 fatty acids, which inhibit the growth of tumors." "Three grams of soluble fiber from oatmeal daily in a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol may reduce the risk of heart disease. This product has 2 grams per serving." "Consuming at least 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole grains per day reduces the risk of several chronic diseases."
C. The FDA's guidelines for approved health claims require use of the word "may." The other options offered definitive claims about health benefits. US Food and Drug Administration. Label claims for conventional foods and dietary supplements. Last updated: June 2018. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/label-claims-conventional-foods-and-dietary-supplements. Accessed August 7, 2019. Federal Regulations, Title 21: Food and Drugs, Part 101: Food Labeling. Available at: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=bad23c28ebd662323b3ace1e3f5ee94f&mc=true&n=pt21.2.101&r=PART&ty=HTML#se21.2.101_165. Accessed December 8, 2016.
Which of the following is designed to examine how effectively an organization is utilizing its assets? Assets to liabilities Debt to equity Inventory turnover Break-even point
C. The assets-to-liabilities ratio calculates the percentage of assets provided by debt. The debt-to-equity ratio tells what percentage of the company's assets are funded by shareholders' equity and debt. The break-even point is where expenses and revenue are equal. Effective use of inventory assets is reflected in the inventory turnover ratio.
To comply with Joint Commission certification standards, who should perform documentation of nutrition screening? Registered dietitian nutritionists on staff at the hospital Registered dietitian nutritionists or nutrition and dietetic technicians registered Staff selected at discretion of the hospital Food and nutrition services department managers
C. The hospital determines who will conduct the screening and document results to meet standard DSCT.5 EP.4.a of the Joint Commission Standards.
The indicator head of a bimetallic stemmed thermometer ranges from 0˚F to 180˚F 200˚F 220˚F 250˚F
C. The indicator must be able to register temperatures below 32˚F to accommodate incoming frozen food shipments and above 212˚F to accommodate hot holdings. The bimetallic stemmed thermometer ranges from 0˚F to 220˚F.
Which natural colorant might be added to pickles? Acetic acid Calcium chloride Turmeric Tragacanth gum
C. Turmeric is added to pickles for flavor and color enhancement.
Calculating protein needs above 1.5 g/kg body weight in an elderly patient with stage III pressure ulcer and impaired renal function may cause hyperglycemia. dyslipidemia. dehydration. increased wound healing.
C. Usually protein intake is increased for patients with pressure ulcers to promote wound healing. In patients who also have compromised renal function, the higher protein concentrations must be monitored to ensure that fluids are not pulled from the system, causing dehydration.
Which preservative is often used as a fungicide and mold preventative in bakery products? Calcium propionate Calcium carbonate Calcium silicate Calcium alginate
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in bread and other baked goods. It keeps bread and baked goods from spoiling by preventing mold and bacterial growth.
A family is having difficulty providing food for all its members. The father skips meals occasionally and the mother eats very little to ensure that the children have enough to eat. Using established categories of food security status, this family would be classified as having high food security. marginal food insecurity. low food security. very low food security.
D The US Department of Agriculture term "very low food security" has very specific measures: at times during the year, eating patterns of one or more or household members were disrupted and food intake reduced because the household lacked money and other resources for food. Very low food security involves hunger while those experiencing low food security are able to use strategies to avoid hunger.
Which of the following financial terms represents current liabilities? Accrued expenses, depreciation Depreciation, retained earnings Retained earnings, accounts payable Accounts payable, accrued expenses
D. A balance sheet provides a statement of an organization's assets (ie, current, fixed), liabilities (ie, current, long term), and owner's equity at a given time. Current liabilities (ie, accounts payable, accrued expenses, current mortgage payable) are debts that must be paid within 12 months. Depreciation is a fixed asset. Retained earnings are owner's equity.
Which of the following is the most effective and efficient tool for gathering information on consumption of locally grown foods by community residents? Health risk appraisal Screening tool Focus group Survey
D. All options listed are methods for obtaining data, but surveys are the least expensive systematic study of a cross-section of individuals. A health risk appraisal characterizes a population's general health; a screening tool represents a preventive health activity; and, although a focus group would be plausible, it is a very expensive way of obtaining both qualitative and quantitative information.
The average contribution margin (CM) per item on a menu is $6.74 and the menu mix (MM) percentage that is considered to be high is 12. A menu item has a CM of $6.93 and a MM percentage of 13. What menu engineering term would be used to describe this menu item? Plowhorse Puzzle Dog Star
D. CM indicates profitability, whereas MM determines an item's popularity relative to other menu items. Puzzles are items that are profitable but not very popular. Plowhorses are items that are popular but not very profitable. Stars are items that are both popular and profitable. Dogs are items that are neither popular nor profitable.
A foodservice operation has a 1.93 current ratio. This value indicates to creditors that the foodservice operation most likely will not be able to meet long-term financial obligations. not be able to generate profit in relation to sales. be able to control expenses. be able to pay bills when due.
D. Current ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities. The resulting number indicates an organization's ability to meet current financial obligations, and therefore, is a measure of bill-paying ability. Creditors use the current ratio to help determine if an organization has sufficient assets to repay debts over the next 12 months. Current ratios that are greater than 1 indicate the organization most likely will be able to pay bills when due and over the next 12 months.
Of the following foodborne microorganisms, which of the following is considered a parasite? Shigella Staphylococcus aureus Hepatitis A Giardia duodenalis
D. Giardia duodenalis is the only parasite among all options listed. Hepatitis A is a virus. Shigella and staphylococcus aureus are considered bacteria.
________________ describes a process used to make fats and oils more solid at room temperature. Cold pressing Winterizing Polymerization Hydrogenation
D. Hydrogenation is the process of adding hydrogen atoms to carbon atoms. It is most often used in food production to turn oils containing unsaturated fats into those containing saturated fats.
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, a rare condition that presents with extremely high blood glucose levels, elevated serum osmolality, extreme dehydration, and low amounts of ketones, usually occurs in preterm infants. obese adolescents. adults aged 18 to 35 with hypertension. persons older than 65 with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
D. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state often occurs when people with type 2 diabetes have an infection or forget to take their medicines. Because the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing in the aging population, who may be more likely to forget to take their medications and experience underlying infections, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state occurs more often in seniors.
The standards established by the FDA include standards of identity, standards of minimum quality, and standards of production. processing. labeling. fill.
D. In addition to addressing "fill" and ensuring the correct ingredients are used in foods, the FDA established three "content" standards to protect consumers from deceptive manufacturing practices: standards of identity, standards of minimum quality, and standards of fill of container for food.
Up to what age should head circumference be measured? 12 months. 18 months. 24 months. 36 months.
D. It is important to measure adequate head growth, to indicate brain development, up to 3 years of age.
In what marketing lifestyle group are consumers categorized if they are young, impulsive, and seek variety, excitement, and risky activities? Innovators Makers Achievers Experiencers
D. Marketing segmentation categorizes consumers based on certain characteristics. Experiencers are described as young, impulsive variety-seekers. Innovators are described as having high income and high self-esteem. Makers tend to be lower income, have a focus on self-sufficiency, and are family oriented. Achievers are successful individuals who also tend to have higher incomes.
If an emulsion like mayonnaise is heated, what deterioration is most likely to occur? Precipitation of protein Hydrolytic rancidity Dehydration Separation of the water and oil
D. Mayonnaise is an example of a permanent emulsion, consisting of egg yolks and oil. However, if it is heated, it is likely that the water and oil will separate.
Which of the following managerial terms describes the continuous and systematic process in which decisions are made about intended future outcomes, how outcomes are to be accomplished, and how success is measured and evaluated? Accountability Effectiveness Organizing Strategic planning
D. Strategic planning is a continuous and systematic process in which people make decisions about intended future outcomes, how outcomes are to be accomplished, and how success is measured and evaluated. Accountability is the state of being responsible to one's self, to some organization, or even to the public. Effectiveness is "doing the right things." Organizing is the management function of grouping activities, delegating authority, and coordinating relationships horizontally and vertically.
"US Fancy" is a quality designation used for _____. processed cheese products. milk and dairy products. eggs. fruits and vegetables.
D. *name the grades of F/V Canned vegetables Grade A (fancy) Grade B (choice) Grade C (standard) Fresh Produce Fancy Extra #1 #1 Combination #2
Sodium free Very Low sodium Low Sodium Reduced Sodium Lite sodium
Sodium free: <5mg Very low sodium: <35mg Low sodium: <140 mg Reduced sodium: reduced by 25% Light or lite in sodium: reduced by at least 50%
Braden Scale
The Braden scale, an assessment tool for predicting the risk of pressure ulcers, is based on the total scores of the six criteria—sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction.
In which of the following situations does Joint Commission require the performance of a nutritional assessment or screen? During emergency room visits During visits to hospital owned physician offices When a patient is seen in an outpatient clinic When warranted by the patient's needs or condition
`D. The Joint Commission's standards for nutritional and functional screening clearly state that these are performed when warranted by the patient's needs or condition. An organization would define (in writing) the criteria that identify when these screenings and more in-depth assessment are performed. When applicable for the patient's condition, these screenings must be completed within 24 hours after inpatient admission. It is not required that nutritional or functional screening are completed for all patients at all encounters if it has not been defined by the organization's policy. Nutritional and functional screening are not performed if a licensed independent practitioner with appropriate clinical privileges has determined that it is not necessary in emergency situations or if it is not warranted by the patient's needs or condition.