Exam 2 a&p2
The majority of ATP is produced by which step of cell respiration?
Electron transport chain
Which of the following can be absorbed in the intestinal villi by facilitated diffusion?
Fructose
Which of the following breaks up glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle?
Glycogenolysis
Which of the following are not involved in nucleotide breakdown at the brush border?
deoxyribonuclease
The suffix -ase is used to identify
enzymes.
Chylomicrons are released from epithelial cells in the intestines through
exocytosis.
Acids are produced by the stomach and intestines.
false
Active transport proteins are required for the absorption of fatty acids by epithelial cells.
false
Aminopeptidase breaks the bond between the terminal amino acids on the carboxy end of the peptide.
false
Bile salts cause fat globules to merge together into larger droplets.
false
CCK release will increase gastric emptying.
false
Digestion is primarily based on dehydration reactions.
false
Glycolysis involved the anabolic conversion of two 3-carbon molecules into one 6-carbon molecule.
false
Maltase can only act on maltose.
false
Most triglycerides are digested by lingual and gastric lipases.
false
Nucleotide degradation ends after the breakdown products enter the bloodstream.
false
Nucleotides are absorbed whole through the intestinal villus.
false
Pepsinogen can catalyze the creation of more pepsin.
false
S-cells release secretin, which stimulates the lowering of the pH of the chyme entering the duodenum.
false
Swallowing is a completely voluntary reflex.
false
The digestive tract only utilizes smooth muscle.
false
The electron transport chain is an anaerobic process.
false
The majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the mouth.
false
Bile is primarily involved in
fat digestion
Bile is primarily involved in
fat emulsification.
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
glucose. galactose. fructose.
Insulin stimulates
glycogenesis
Smooth muscle is regulated by all of the following
hormonal feedback loops. neural feedback loops.
The electron transport chain creates ATP by moving _____ across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
hydrogens
The second stage of deglutition is
involuntary pharyngeal.
Lipids are typically transported from the intestine into the bloodstream via
lacteals.
Gluconeogenesis converts _____ into glucose.
lactic acids, amino acids, glycerol
Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin due to
low pH
Amylase converts starch into
maltose. maltriose. alpha-dextrins.
Nucleic acids are absorbed as
nitrogenous bases. pentose sugars. phosphate ions.
The final fate of electrons in the electron transport chain is combining with _____ to form _____.
oxygen, water
Which of the following are involved in nucleic acid breakdown?
pancreatic nucleases. brush border enzymes.
Pancreatic juice contains all of the following except
pepsin
Which of the following are involved in nucleotide breakdown at the brush border?
phosphatase. nucleosidase.
Which of the following is not a monosaccharide?
sucrose
Absorption of nucleic acid digestion occurs at all of the following except
the colon
Secretin stimulates all of the following
the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. the release of bicarbonate.
Absorption of nucleic acid digestion occurs at all of the following
the liver. the duodenum. the jejunum.
Lipases can be found in
the mouth. the stomach. the small intestines.
Secretin stimulates all of the following except
the release of protease enzymes.
Bile salts convert fats into
tiny droplets
Aminopeptidase and Dipeptidase are found in the brush border epithelium.
true
Amylases can catalyze the breakdown of more starch and glycogen.
true
Anabolism of glucose is essential to maintaining proper blood glucose levels.
true
Anabolism typically requires energy in the form of ATP.
true
CCK stimulates the release of bile and lipases into the duodenum.
true
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine.
true
Carboxypeptidase breaks the bond between the terminal amino acids on the carboxy end of the peptide.
true
Cellular respiration is required to harvest chemical energy in fuel molecules in order to sustain cellular processes.
true
Cellulose is an indigestible carbohydrate by the enzymes of the human body.
true
DNA digestion begins with the introduction of nucleases from the pancreas in the duodenum.
true
Digestion requires chemical and mechanical breakdown of nutrients.
true
Dipeptidase breaks down dipeptides.
true
Distention of the stomach causes the release of the hormone gastrin.
true
Elimination of feces is the end of the digestive process.
true
Epinephrine stimulates glycogenolysis.
true
Gastrin stimulates the release of more HCl and more proteases in the stomach.
true
Glycogenesis lowers blood sugar by converting glucose to glycogen in the liver and muscles.
true
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
true
Lipase breaks down triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.
true
Lipases break down triglycerides and phospholipids.
true
Mastication is controlled by voluntary stimulus of skeletal muscles.
true
Nucleic acids are digested in the small intestine.
true
Pancreatic lipase is the main lipid digesting enzyme in the body.
true
Pepsin is a gastric enzyme that initiates protein digestion.
true
Protein digestion begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.
true
Red blood cells do not generate ATP efficiently, because they lack mitochondria.
true
Reduction of oxidized coenzymes allows for catabolism from glucose into ATP.
true
Reduction of oxidized coenzymes allows for the transfer of energy from glucose to ATP
true
Salivary amylase only has a short time to digest carbohydrates because it is destroyed in the stomach.
true
Stimulation of enteroendocrine cells by fatty chime causes the release of cholecystokinin.
true
The aerobic steps within cell respiration occur inside the mitochondrion.
true
The breakdown products of nucleic acid digestion are taken into cells via active or secondary active transport.
true
The digestive tract is essentially a muscular tube that runs from mouth to anus.
true
The flow of hydrogen ions provides force to power ATP synthase.
true
The presence of food is the stimulus for voluntary digestive movements.
true
The primary function of the digestive system is to process food into absorbable molecules.
true
Transport proteins are required for entry of the production of RNA digestion into the bloodstream.
true
Water is the primary component of most foods. It is also essential to proper digestion.
true
Which of the following is involved in digestion?
water. bile. bicarbonate.
Which of the following can act on the terminal end of a peptide?
Aminopeptidase and Carboxypeptidase
Which of the following is not a step within cell respiration?
Lipid Catabolism
Gastrin production is stimulated by all of the following except
Stretch receptors. G cell stimulation. Increase in pH.
Which of the following is a step within cell respiration?
The Krebs Cycle. Glycolysis. The Electron Transport Chain.
ATP is generated by adding _____ to ADP.
a high energy phosphate
Peristalsis is
a local reflex.
All of the following are brush border enzymes
alpha-dextrinase. lactase. sucrase.
All of the following are brush border enzymes except
amylase
Which of the following are not involved in nucleic acid breakdown?
amylase
Distention stimulates
both long and local reflexes.
Gastric acids can
break hydrogen bonds. alter protein shape. destroy most bacteria.
Pancreatic juice contains all of the following
chymotrypsin trypsin. carboxypeptidase.
Which of the following breaks down large peptides into smaller peptides?
chymotrypsin. elastase. trypsin.
CCK can
close the pyloric sphincter.
Smooth muscle is regulated by all of the following except
conscious movement of skeletal muscles.