Exam 2 Business Management (Final Study Sheet)

Peer review

A panel of trustworthy coworkers, selected for their ability to remain objective, hears both sides of a dispute in an informal and confidential meeting.

As outlined in the text and our class presentation, the communication process begins when:

A sender encodes a thought or idea

The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as:

Both high and low conflict intensity may be related to lower performance

Decoding

Decoding occurs when receivers receive a message. It is the process of interpreting and making sense of a message.

Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate:

Defenselessness

16) The dimensions of situational control in Fiedler's model are:

Leader-member relations, task structure, and position power

Selecting medium

Managers can communicate through a variety of media.( Selection of media)

________ reflects the capacity of a given communication medium to convey information and promote understanding.

Media Richness

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink?

Minority dissent

Dialectic Method

calls for managers to foster a structured debate of opposing viewpoints prior to making a decision

dialectic method

calls for managers to foster a structured debate of opposing viewpoints prior to making a decision

When a group of people joins together to pursue a particular issue, they comprise a

coalition

According to research highlighted in the text, the most effective self-managed teams are those with

Similar levels of conscientiousness and mixed extraversion

Ombudsman

Someone who works for the organization, and is widely respected and trusted by his or her coworkers, hears grievances on a confidential basis and attempts to arrange a solution

As defined in the text and in class, _________ aim to ensure that people, equipment, and other resources are used in an efficient way to accomplish the mission of a group or organization.

Task-oriented behaviors

Storming

Tension among group members

Anchoring Bias

The anchoring bias occurs when decision makers are influenced by the first information received about a decision, even if it is irrelevant

Availability Bias

The availability heuristic represents a decision maker's tendency to base decisions on information that is readily available in memory

Confirmation Bias.

The decision maker (1) subconsciously decides something even before investigating why it is the right decision,

Leader-member exchange theory focuses on:

The leader's relationships with followers

Representativeness Bias.

The representativeness heuristic is used when people estimate the probability of an event occurring.

Forming

The stage of team development is characterized by a high degree of uncertainty as members try to break the ice and figure out who is in charge and what the group's goals are

Framing Bias

This bias relates to the manner in which a question is posed or framed

Expert Power

Valued knowledge or information gives an individual

Adjourning

Work is done, Time to move on to other things

Group think

a mode of thinking that people engage in when they are deeply involved in a cohesive in-group, when members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action

Cohesiveness

a sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives ( Need eachother to achieve a common goal

Cross Functionalism

occurs when specialists from different areas are put on the same team.

Maintenacne Roles

oster supportive and constructive interpersonal relationships.(Keeps The group together)

Sender

person wanting to communicate the information

Linguistic style

refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern

Encoding

Communication begins when a sender encodes an idea or thought

The styles of conflict handling are differentiated along two dimensions:

Concern for others and concern for self

Defensiveness

Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate:

Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the ________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.

Frame your story

Which of the following is not a rule for effective brainstorming

Go for quality over quantity

Receiver

Group who the message is intended to

________ theory is based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers

Implicit Leadership

When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict handling style is appropriate.

Integratinig conflict

In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?

Norming

Rational Decision Order

Problem, Generate solutions, Evaluate alternatives, Implement

group

as (1) two or more freely interacting individuals who (2) share norms and (3) goals and have a (4) common identity

personality conflict

as interpersonal opposition based on personal dislike or disagreement.

Initiating leadership

as leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output.

Satisficing

consists of choosing a solution that meets some minimum qualifications, one that is "good enough.

Satisificing

consists of choosing a solution that meets some minimum qualifications, one that is "good enough.

When companies invite nonemployees to contribute to particular goals and manage the process via the Internet, this is known as:

crowd-sourcing

Task roles

enable the work group to define, clarify, and pursue a common purpose

Machiavelliansim

entails the use of manipulation, a cynical view of human nature (e.g., all people lie to get what they want), and a moral code that puts results over principles (e.g., you have to cheat to get ahead

Informal Group

exists when the members' overriding purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interes

Transactional Leadership

focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance

Servant leadership

focuses on increased service to others rather than to onesel

Reward Power

if they can obtain compliance by promising or granting rewards

Active listening

im fully invested in the conversation or presentation

Devils advocacy

involves assigning someone the role of critic

Media richness

involves the capacity of a given communication medium to convey information and promote understanding

Decision tree

is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions,

Group Role

is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole

Team composition

is a term that describes the collection of jobs, personalities, knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience of team members

Mediation

is an alternative dispute resolution technique in which a trained, third-party neutral actively guides disputing parties in exploring innovative solutions to the conflict

Norm

is an attitude, opinion, feeling, or action—shared by two or more people—that guides behavior.

Incivility

is any form of socially harmful behavior, such as aggression, interpersonal deviance, social undermining, interactional injustice, harassment, abusive supervision, and bullying

Formal Group

is assigned by organizations or their managers to accomplish specific goals

psychopathy

is characterized as a lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others

Narcissim

is defined as having "a self-centered perspective, feelings of superiority, and a drive for personal power and glory.

decision making style

is how an individual perceives and comprehends stimuli and the general manner in which he or she chooses to respond to such information

Effectiveness

is measured by the group's collective outcomes and products

Social Loafing

is the tendency for individual effort to decline as group size increases.

Coercive Power

make threats of punishment and deliver actual punishment gives an individual

Legitimate Power

managers who obtain compliance primarily because of their formal authority to make decisions have

The 81-cell leadership grid discussed in class was designed to depict a ______________ theory that looks at leader ______________ .

normative; behaviors

Conflict

occurs when one "party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party

Laissez-faire leadership

represents a general failure to take responsibility for leading.

Noise

represents anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message.

Empowering leadership

represents the extent to which a leader creates perceptions of psychological empowerment in others

cohesivnenes

sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives

Team Charters

that describe how the team will operate, such as processes for sharing information and decision making (teamwork).

Norming

the we feeling begins binding in the group together. Everyone comes together

Hybrid Rewards

those that include team and individual components

Transgormational Leaders

transform followers to pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

Virtual Teams

work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals