exam 2

What is the main point of Milgram's obedience study?

Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

A(n) ______ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth compared to the standards of others or of society.

Inferiority

Which of the following is something an advocate for arousal theory might observe?

when we are bored we look for excitement; when we are overexcited we wish for more peace

is it possible to change a person recall of an event by changing the wording in a particular way?

yes

What is a social role?

a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

we watched a video on the case of Sean McNulty who suffered from ___.

a psychogenic / a fugue state of amnesia

the fact that memories become for susceptible during questioning means that every precaution needs to be taken to avoid making suggestions to

an eyewitness to a crime

social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. these topics incluce________.

emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

What stage of sleep are you most likely experiencing if an EEG of your brain activity showed sleep spindles and K-complexes?

2

The Famous Marshmallow experiment examined the the development of this trait.

impulse control

The irrational bizarre content of dreams in REM sleep is most likely as result of __________.

inactivation of prefrontal cortex

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote itbecomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despitewhat he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.

Asch

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerkasks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does thisexemplify?

Freudian slip

Which statement about groupthink is correct?

Group members modify their opinions to match what they believe is the group consensus

______ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed for genetics.

Heritability

suggested that people dominated by their ____ might be narcissistic and impulsive.

Id

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school

The area of study first proposed by Franz Gall, in which it was believed that personality traits could be uncovered by studying the bumps on someone's skull, was called ________.

Phrenology

the famous case of H.M demonstrates ___ amnesia, a condition in which a person can remember previously encoded memory but cannot encode new ones

anterograde

in Alzheimer's disease, the earliest signs of dementia mimic _____ , due to the neurodegeneration of the ____.

anterograde amnesia; hippocampus

disparity refers to the slightly different view of the world each eye receives

binocular

a phenomenon in which a person fails to notice changes to their surroundings or visual field is referred to as a?

change blindness

Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________.

chronic sleep deprivation

______ is the psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more inconsistent attitudes, behaviors, or cognitions

cognitive dissonance

Petra walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?

cones

The irrational bizarre content of dreams in REM sleep is most likely as result of __________.

darkness; light

Bev likes to be up past 2am but she can't wake up early and always sleep in;. A doctor might say Bev has ______.

delayed sleep phase syndrome

The kind of brain waves that would be most prevalent during Stage 3 and 4 of NREM would be _______ waves

delta

A(n) ________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A(n) ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

emotion; mood

How is explicit memory different from implicit memory?

explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness

As we get older, we spend less time in REM and more time in slow-wave sleep (stages 3/4).

false

The universal emotions are happiness, surprise, sadness, fright, disgust, boredom and anger.

false

Toddler tantrums are a result of a well developed prefrontal cortex and an underdeveloped amygdala.

false

in the situational approach to attribution theory of behavior, we tend to think that people are in control of their own behaviors, and, therefore, any behavior change must be due to something internal, such as personality, habits, vices, temperament, etc.

false

in a person whose eyes work in the usual fashion, the cornea will focus images on a small indentation in the back of the eye known as the _____ in the retina.

fovea

As you are talking to a friend on your cell phone, you might find that you can't hear them because they are speaking very softly. If you ask them to "speak up," from a physical perspective you are asking them to ________ of the sound waves they are producing.

increase the amplitude

Cici firmly believes that every child deserves a loving parent. She becomes a foster parent because she knows that it is the right thing to do, even though she receives no material rewards for doing so. Cici becomes a foster parent because of ________ motivation.

intrinsic

Within the visible spectrum, our experience of red is associated with ________.

longer wavelength

flashbulb memory can often become contaminated by the ___ which is the repeated viewing of event on the tv or media

narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Sleeptalking, sleepwalking and night terrors are all examples of________.

parasomnia

When a person is making a persuasive argument that utilizes the ________ route, they rely on factorsunrelated to their actual message to persuade their listener. The hope is that these factors will encouragepositivity with the message itself.

peripheral

An example of top down processing is

reciting your favorite poem in your head

High levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior are what typify a state of consciousness called ________.

wakefulness

The ____ function of sleep states that sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day.

restorative

Wesley is in a movie theater with no windows—the only light is low illumination from the emergency lights on the floor. Which photoreceptors will be most useful to Wesley as he attempts to leave the theater?

rods

if everyone turned to look at the only person wearing a red shirt in the room, they would be focusing on _____ which reflects ____ .

salience; bottom-up processing

According to the ________ theory of emotions, one's physiological arousal precedes the cognitive experience of a feeling.

schatcher and singer

Erikah has just arrived at the funeral of her friend's father. Even though Erikah is usually very outspoken and jovial, she keeps her voice down, expresses her sympathy to the family members, and sits quietly and respectfully during the religious service. Erikah is following the ________ of how to behave in this particular situation

script

you can hear the ticking of the clock; as you begin to engage in conversation with classmates or listen to your professor greet the class, you are no longer aware of the ticking. The clock is still ticking, and that information is still affecting sensory receptors of the auditory system. The fact that you no longer perceive the sound demonstrates ___.

sensory adaptation

Increases in this neurotransmitter have been associated with both satiety and decreased aggression

serotonin

The ________ theory asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight that is resistant to change

set-point

Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

simple tasks are preformed when arousal levels are high, yet complex tasks are preformed best when arousal levels are low.

The fact that the trait of risk-taking can change across the age span supports this psychologist's view on traits and personality.

skinner

Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.

suggestibility

which of the following was one of Alfred Aldred's main contribution to personality theory.

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________

the fundamental attribution error

Your ears receive sound waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ________.

transduction

In recent years many people have been exonerated of crimes by DNA evidence that proved their innocence In many these cases, faulty eyewitness testimony was blamed for the wrongful conviction.

true

Studying twins that have been raised together or separated at birth have led to data that suggests that personality is only moderately heritable

true