Exam 2 (Chapter 3) - Plume Sociology 101

A sociology professor instructed his students to go and stand out in public and do nothing (stand and not move or make any sort of expression) for an extended period of time. In modern America this is likely a violation of: a. Mores b. Taboos c. Formal Norms d. Federal Laws e. Folkways

E. Folkways

Although languages differ considerably from one culture to another, the meanings of gestures are commonly understood in the same way by people throughout the world. True False

False

A cultural group that exists harmoniously within a larger, dominant culture is called a: a. subculture. b. counterculture. c. cultural spin-off. d. subdominant culture. e. social group.

A. subculture

Which of the following is an example of something that would be a part of a person's or a society's material culture? a. weapons of war b. a preference to have health rather than wealth c. a belief that the world is flat d. democracy as a political system e. a belief in a supreme being

A. weapons of war

The famous feminist and social theorist Judith Butler has criticized westerners who want to "free" Muslim women from wearing a veil or burqa. Butler believes that liberation from the veil is not the liberation many Americans might assume it is. Butler's view that one culture should not be viewed or judged by the standards of another culture is consistent with what term or concept? a. ethnocentrism b. cultural relativism c. high culture d. polysemy e. radical feminism

B. Cultural relativism

____________ is the entire way of life of a group of people. a. Language b. Society c. Culture d. Ethnocentrism e. Norms

C. Culture

Babymetal is a Japanese band of three teenage girls who combine metal and Japanese idol music together for a very unique sound. The group and its fans would likely be considered a: a. Cultural Shock b. Counterculture c. Subculture d. Dominant Culture e. Cultural Lag

C. Subculture

Sociologists distinguish between values and beliefs. Values are cultural standards about _________ and beliefs are cultural ideas about __________: a. what is thought; what is perceived b. what is created; what is imposed c. what is good; what is true d. what is valued; what is believed e. what is believed; what is possible

C. what is good; what is true

In America, a married man who has several mistresses is violating a ____________, but if he is married to more than one woman at the same time he is violating a ____________. a. folkway; sanction b. law; taboo c. positive sanction; negative sanction d. more; law e. norm; folkway

D. More; law

In many cultures the "squat toilet," where one squats rather than sits, is still the most common type of bathroom facility. Americans are often shocked when they encounter these toilets, seeing them as hopelessly disgusting and quite primitive. This attitude is an example of: a. language b. dominant culture c. cultural relativism d. ethnocentrism e. social control

D. ethnocentrism

Oxana Malaya is a girl from Russia who was raised by dogs rather than her parents (children like this are referred to as feral children). Before she was rescued and resocialized she would engage in very doglike behaviors (moving on all four limbs, urinating to mark territory, barking instead of speaking, etc.). This illustrates the idea that: a. Culture is Dynamic b. Culture is Adaptive c. Culture is Composed of Sanctions d. Culture is Genetic e. Culture is Learned

E. Culture is learned

Valerie has been caught cheating on her Sociology exam. The professor decides to have her write a 1,000 word essay on the ethics of not cheating on exams so that she does not receive a zero on the exam and may retake a different version later. Valerie is being taught that her culture values honesty and hard work by experiencing: a. Informal Sanctions b. Culture Shock c. Positive Sanctions d. Ethnocentrism e. Negative Sanctions

E. Negative sanctions

Which of the following are part of culture? Moral stance on abortion Facing Mecca and praying five times a day Belief that rocks symbolize strength and endurance Belief that democracy is the best form of government a. I and III b. II only c. II, III, and IV d. None of the options are part of culture e. All of the options are part of culture

E. all of the options are part of culture

How is a subculture different from a counterculture? a. Members of a subculture actively protest and fight to change society, while members of a counterculture drop out of society. b. Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but only members of a subculture actively oppose important aspects of mainstream culture. c. Subcultures are always smaller than countercultures. d. Subcultures are not culturally distinct from the mainstream; they just occupy a particular geographic area. e. Both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

E. both are distinct from mainstream culture, but a counterculture actively opposes important aspects of the mainstream.

Negative sanctions can only be imposed by an authoritative body or formal institution. True False

False

We see the world the way it objectively and actually exists, not how we exist. True False

False

When Mike Tyson fought Evander Holyfield in a boxing match, he bit part of Holyfield's ear off during their match. In cultural terms, his actions constituted an violation of: a. Symbolic Culture b. Formal Norms c. Rules d. Etiquette e. Informal Norms

IDK, E and D are both wrong. So the answer is NOT "Etiquette" or "Informal norms."

Because culture is learned and not genetic, it is subject to continuous change. True False

True

Structural Functionalists view culture as a stabilizing factor in society that provides the ability to reach a general consensus on certain matters. True False

True

Those convicted of pedophilia often do not fare well if fellow inmates find out the reason they are in prison. This reflects the strong taboo nature that we have in our culture surrounding the idea of pedophilia. True or false?

True