Exam 2 (DHN 101 - Ch. 5-7)

According to the AMDR recommendations, alpha-linolenic acid should provide ____ of a person's total daily energy intake.

0.6-1.2%

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

True

Which of the following plant oils contains the highest amount of saturated fat per tablespoon?

Coconut oil

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

Glycogen

Which of the following is NOT a type of lipid?

Polysaccharides

Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance.

Positive

Exclusively plant-based diets may not supply enough _____ to meet a child's needs.

Protein

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following except

Reduced secretion of intrinsic factor

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugars in American diets?

Regular soft drinks

Each of the following foods often contains small amounts of plant sterols and/or stanols EXCEPT ____

Salmon

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?

Scrambled eggs

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ____ fiber

Soluble

Which of the following is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble fiber

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

Which of the following is an example of a saturated fatty acid?

Stearic acid

Digestion of protein begins in the _____

Stomach

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4kcal/g?

Sucrose

Which of the following statements is true? (Sucrose)

Sucrose is a source of glucose

Florencia is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise _____ % of her total energy intake.

10 to 35

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ____ % of his total energy intake each day.

20 to 35

As of 2018, ____ million Americans were living with diagnosed diabetes

26.8

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

Crab

Which of the following statements is true? (Malnutrition)

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition

Which of the following statements is true? (Fat)

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

In the stomach, _____ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Hypertension

Cocoa butter is a rich source of saturated fat.

True

Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch.

True

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories

True

Tertiary structure is a protein's final three-dimensional form.

True

Compared to a diet that provides fewer plant foods, a plant-based diet typically provides more _____

Vitamin C

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Walnut oil

Every amino acid has ____ in its chemical structure

nitrogen

The body uses cholesterol to make _____

steroid hormones

Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high

False

Which of the following is considered an essential amino acid?

Methionine

Which of the following statements is true?

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber

Hemoglobin is an example of a protein that exists in the _____ form.

Quarternary

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

Quinoa

Which of the following plant foods is considered a source of complete protein?

Quinoa

Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?

Reduce his intake of refined sugars

Which of the following provides the most lactose?

Cow's milk, 1 cup

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

Shrimp

_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.

Eicosapentaenoic

Insulin

helps glucose enter cells

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Corn oil

Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?

Alanine

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?

Alpha-linolenic acid

The sweetener found in Equal is

Aspartame

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ______

Butter and beef.

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Canola oil

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

Carrots and celery

Which of the following characteristics is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Increasing age

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.

Ketone bodies

Angela follows a vegetarian diet that includes milk and milk products and eggs, but no other animal foods. What type of vegetarian diet is Angela following?

Lactoovovegetarian

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

Lactose intolerance

_____ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Linoleic

______ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

Linoleic

Which of the following statements about lipids is true?

Lipids dissolve in organic solvents, such as alcohol and acetone.

Lactose is the disaccharide in

Milk

In general, compared to grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef often has ____

More omega-3 fatty acids.

Juan has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in _____ nitrogen balance.

Negative

When a person is in ______, their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses.

Nitrogen equilibrium

______ is the study of how nutrients affect the expression of a person's genome.

Nutrigenomics

Which of the following is NOT considered a major function of proteins in the human body?

Synthesis and storage of muscle glycogen

Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?

Whole milk

_______ naturally contains small amounts of trans fats.

Whole milk

Proteins _____

are comprised of amino acids

The body uses proteins to make ____

certain hormones

Bile is made in the liver from _____. The bile is then stored in the ____ until needed.

cholesterol; gallbladder

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be

converted into fat and stored.

Consuming too much protein or excess amnio acids can contribute to _____

dehydration

Pancreatic amylase

digests starch in the small intestine

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and _____

high blood levels of LDL cholesterol

Consuming a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with all of the following except _____

improved cognition in young adults

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested

in the mouth

Starch

is composed of amylose and amylopectin

For the typical American diet, approximately ____of total daily kcal are provided from carbohydrates

one-half

Bees are important to the food supply as they help pollinate at least ____ of the plants used to produce food consumed across the globe

one-third

In the body, certain lipids ______

provide energy.

In the body, lipids ______

provide insulation against cold temperatures

Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy.

Glucose

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen was accidentally exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

Anaphylaxis

According to the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy adults should consume _______

As little cholesterol as possible while following a healthy diet.

Which of the following is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Avocado

The liver uses cholesterol to make _____

Bile

Which of the following statements is true? (Omega-3 fatty acids)

Certain fish, such as salmon, are rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids

Which of the following statements is true? (Proteins)

Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

Cheese

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

Chicken

Bryce is a pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he refuse to eat?

Chicken salad

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has ______

Chronic high blood pressure

A(n) _____ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions

Conditionally essential

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid _____

Consuming foods that contain gluten

Which of the following statements is true? (Diabetes)

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Exercising daily

A limiting amino acid is one that is found at low levels in complete proteins.

False

Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

False

Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay

False

Fiber is nondigestible by humans because it contains a branched chain. Comparatively, starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched.

False

If you were to mix oil and water, the two substances would not form a solution. Rather, the water would rise to the top of the oil and form small globules.

False

Lipids include phospholipids, sterols, and amino acids.

False

Secondary structure refers to the structure of protein comprised of two or more polypeptide chains arranged together in a unique manner.

False

Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine.

False

The Human Genome Project was established to identify the amino acids in human proteins.

False

The best way to avoid tooth decay is to use mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth.

False

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose

Which of the following is a simple carbohydrate?

Fructose

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

Galactose, glucose, and fructose

Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is more likely to

Give birth to a baby that has birth defects

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

Glucagon

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into _____ molecules that can be absorbed.

Glucose

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ______

Has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond.

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ______

Has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Which of the following organs is key to enterohepatic circulation of bile?

Liver

Bernard recently started following an exclusively plant-based diet. What is a possible concern to following such a diet?

Low intake of certain minerals, including zinc, iron, and calcium

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of complete protein?

Low-fat milk

Which of the following characteristics or conditions is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Male sex

_____ is a severe form of undernutrition that occurs when a person experiences extreme weight loss due to lack of nutrients and energy in the diet.

Marasmus

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?

Olive oil

Which of the following statements is true? (LDL)

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has _____

PKU

Which of the following statements describes pancreatic lipase?

Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino acid group of another amino acid can form a _____

Peptide bond

Lecithin is a type of ______

Phospholipid

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?

Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

Which of the following statements is true? (Cholesterol)

The cholesterol carried by oxidizing LDL is take up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Which of the following statements is true?

The human digestive tract does not provide enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

A person with high blood pressure and/or a congenital heart defect is at an increased risk for complications from infection with COVID-19.

True

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

True

As a result of the Human Genome Project, scientists discovered that people's food choices can affect their genes' expression.

True

In may parts of the world, insects are consumed as a source of high-quality protein.

True

Individuals with diabetes are at a greater risk for COVID-19 and, if infected, are more likely to experience severe symptoms associated with the virus.

True

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber

True

Lydia is pregnant with her first child. Her recommended protein intake, based on the RDA, is increased during pregnancy. As such, Lydia needs to ensure she is including more protein in her daily diet.

True

Personalized nutrition involves making dietary choices based on your genetic makeup.

True

Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol and, as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

True

Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.

True

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Type 2 diabetes

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States?

Type 2 diabetes

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT _____

stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals