Exam 2 - Extra Study Materials

_________ buds are located in the upper angle between a leaf and the stem to which it is attached

Axillary

The waterproof region around the radial and transverse walls of endodermal cells is the

Casparian strip

Which tissue system provides a covering for the plant body?

Dermal

Research on a fungal disease of rice provided the first clues about the plant hormone

gibberellin

Most of the plant body consists of the ______ tissue system.

ground

Gas exchange occurs through microscopic pores formed by two

guard cells

When transpiration is negligible, plants such as grasses exude excess water by

guttation

How does increasing solute concentration affect water potential?

it becomes more negative

Which signaling molecule triggers the release of volatile substances that attract parasitic wasps to plant-eating caterpillars?

jasmonic acid

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon are collectively known as

macronutrients

Mutually beneficial associations between certain soil fungi and the roots of most plant species are called

mycorrhizae

Plants with an alternate leaf arrangement have

one leaf at each node

The cell walls of the _____________ cells are predominantly cellulose, although they also contain hemicelluloses and pectin

parenchyma

The cell layer from which lateral roots originate is the

pericycle

Cork cambium and the tissues it produces are collectively called

periderm

Pfr, the active state of _____________, forms when red light is absorbed.

phytochrome

The three classes of photoreceptors that enable plants to sense the presence and duration of light are

phytochrome, cryptochrome, phototropin

Certain plants adapted to flooded soil produce aerial "breathing" roots known as

pneumatophores

At sunrise, the accumulation in the guard cells of the osmotically active substance _________ ____ causes an inflow of water and the opening of the pore.

potassium ions

Which of the following is a mechanism of phloem transport in which dissolved sugar is moved by means of a pressure gradient that exists between the source and the sink?

pressure-flow

____ ______ increase the absorptive capacity of roots

root hairs

Which of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that is responsible for guttation?

root pressure

The two simple tissues that are specialized for support are

sclerenchyma, collenchyma

Each annual ring in a section of wood represents one year's growth of

secondary xylem

Minute pores known as _______ dot the surface of the epidermis of leaves and stems; each pore is bordered by two _____ _____.

stomata, guard cells

In the signal transduction process for the hormone auxin, the molecule ubiquitin

tags certain proteins for destruction

One main root, formed from the enlarging embryonic root, with many smaller lateral roots branching off it is ________ system

taproot

Modified leaves that enable a stem to climb are called ________, whereas modified leaves that cover the winter buds of a dormant woody plant are called ___ ______.

tendrils, bud scales

Which of the following is a mechanism of water movement in xylem that combines the evaporative pull of transpiration with the cohesive and adhesive properties of water?

tension-cohesion

The free energy of water in a particular situation is called

water potential

Sclereids and fibers are examples of which plant tissue?

Sclerenchyma

The stress hormone that helps plants respond to drought is

abscisic acid

This hormone promotes seed dormancy

abscisic acid

Primary growth, an increase in the length of a plant, occurs at the

apical meristem

The ________ is a system of interconnected plant cell walls through which water moves

apoplast

When you prune shrubs to make them "bushier"—that is, to prevent apical dominance—you are affecting the distribution and action of which plant hormone?

auxin

Stomatal opening is most pronounced in response to ____ light.

blue

Cell determination occurs through ____ _______________, whereas morphogenesis involves ________ _________.

cell differentiation, pattern formation

The two lateral meristems responsible for secondary growth are

cork cambium and vascular cambium

Ground tissue in monocot stems performs the same functions as ______ and ____ in herbaceous eudicot stems.

cortex, pith

The thin, noncellular layer of wax secreted by the epidermis of leaves is the

cuticle

This plant hormone interacts with auxin during the formation of plant organs in tissue culture

cytokinin

The primary function of the spongy mesophyll is

diffusing gases within the leaf