Exam 2 KIN224

An individual's hematocrit would vary with A) All of the choices are correct. B) age. C) altitude. D) sex.

A) All of the choices are correct.

Which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart? A) Pulmonary veins B) Inferior vena cava C) Pulmonary trunk D) Pulmonary arteries E) Superior vena cava

A) Pulmonary veins

Which heart chambers contain deoxygenated blood? A) Right atrium and right ventricle B) Left atrium and left ventricle C) Left atrium and right atrium D) Right atrium and left ventricle E) Left ventricle and right ventricle

A) Right atrium and right ventricle

Which pair is located more anteriorly in a heart in normal position? A) Right atrium and right ventricle B) Right atrium and left atrium C) Left atrium and right ventricle D) Left atrium and left ventricle E) Right atrium and left ventricle

A) Right atrium and right ventricle

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of carbon dioxide and endocrine hormones? A) Transportation B) Regulation C) Prevention D) Protection

A) Transportation

The left and right coronary arteries A) are functional end arteries because the blockage of one of them leads to tissue death in the area it supplies. B) are interconnected with several high-volume anastomoses allowing for well perfused alternate blood paths.

A) are functional end arteries because the blockage of one of them leads to tissue death in the area it supplies.

According to the Frank-Starling law A) as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful. B) the more calcium available to the heart cell, the more forcefully it will contract. C) the faster the heart rate, the larger the stroke volume. D) the greater the resistance from the arteries, the higher the blood pressure.

A) as the volume of blood entering the heart increases, ventricular contractions become more forceful.

The main function of leukocytes is to A) defend against pathogens. B) carry oxygen through the blood. C) trigger allergies. D) carry carbon dioxide through the blood. E) form clots.

A) defend against pathogens.

The pulmonary trunk carries A) deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs. B) oxygenated blood from the lungs toward the left atrium of the heart. C) oxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs. D) oxygenated blood from the left ventricle toward the lungs. E) deoxygenated blood from the lungs to the right atrium of the heart.

A) deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle toward the lungs.

Platelets play a key role in _________, but if they are not used they are broken down after about ________ days. A) hemostasis, 9 B) hematopoiesis, 120 C) hemostasis, 120 D) hematopoiesis, 9

A) hemostasis, 9

Increased cardiac output ______ the blood pressure. A) increases B) will not affect C) decrease

A) increases

The branch of the external carotid that is responsible for supplying the teeth, gums, nasal cavity, and meninges is the _____ artery. A) maxillary B) lingual C) jugular D) occipital D) internal carotid

A) maxillary

The papillary muscles attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by means of the A) tendinous cords. B) conus arteriosus. C) trabeculae carneae. D) tricuspid valve. E) pectinate muscles.

A) tendinous cords.

Which valve prevents the backflow of blood into the left ventricle when the ventricles relax? A) Left atrioventricular valve B) Aortic semilunar valve C) Right atrioventricular valve D) Pulmonary semilunar valve E) None of the choices is correct.

B) Aortic semilunar valve

Which term best describes the function of blood when considering the presence of leukocytes and antibodies? A) Transportation B) Protection C) Regulation D) Prevention

B) Protection

Which are characteristic of leukocytes? a: Smaller than erythrocytes b: Have a nucleus c: Have no hemoglobin d: More numerous than erythrocytes e: Depending on type, may or may not contain granules A) a, b, c, d, e B) b, c, e C) a, b, e D) b, c, d, e

B) b, c, e

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the blood and interstitial fluid by way of A) exocytosis and endocytosis by endothelial cells. B) diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration. C) active transport (using ATP) by protein carriers of endothelial cells. D) pinocytosis using fluid-filled vesicles.

B) diffusion from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration.

The foramen ovale of the fetal heart is an opening in the A) fossa ovalis. B) interatrial septum. C) aorticopulmonary septum. D) tetralogy of Fallot. E) interventricular septum.

B) interatrial septum.

The velocity of blood flow through capillaries is A) rapid, due to their small total cross sectional area. B) slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues. C) slow, due to small total cross-sectional area, low friction and high pressure. D) rapid, which prevents pooling in lower extremeties

B) slow, which allows sufficient time for exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues.

In arteries, the thickest layer of the wall is the A) tunica externa. B) tunica media. C) tunica intima. D) tunica adventitia. E) None of the answers are correct because all the layers are of the same dimension.

B) tunica media.

Blood pressure is lowest in A) arteries. B) veins. C) venules. D) capillaries. E) arterioles.

B) veins.

How many globins (protein building blocks) are found in a single hemoglobin molecule? A) 2 B) 8 C) 4 D) 1 E) 6

C) 4

Plasma makes up about ______ percent of a centrifuged sample of whole blood. A) 45 B) 25 C) 55 D) 75 E) 35

C) 55

Which action leads to the closure of the right atrioventricular valve? A) Contraction of the right atrium B) Contraction of the left atrium C) Contraction of the right ventricle D) Relaxation of the right ventricle E) Relaxation of the left atrium

C) Contraction of the right ventricle

What part of the cardiac conduction system is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium, adjacent to the entrance of the superior vena cava? A) AV node B) Purkinje fibers C) SA node D) AV bundle E) Bundle branches

C) SA node

Which part of the circulatory system holds the largest amount of blood? A) Pulmonary veins B) Pulmonary arteries C) Systemic veins D) Systemic arteries

C) Systemic veins

Which are characteristics of type O blood? a: Has anti-A antibodies b: Has anti-B antibodies c: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes d: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes e: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes A) b, c, d B) c C) a, b, e D) a, b, c

C) a, b, e

The first phase of hemostasis involves A) relese of procoagulants. B) fibrinolysis. C) blood vessel constriction. D) blood vessel dilation.

C) blood vessel constriction.

The end of the aorta occurs when the vessel bifurcates into the A) brachiocephalic artery. B) subclavian arteries. C) common iliac arteries. D) common carotid arteries. E) None of these answers is correct.

C) common iliac arteries.

Occlusion of blood vessels tends to lead to A) increases in capillary exchange. B) defibrillation of cardic muscle cell contraction. C) inadequate blood supply and damage to body tissues. D) increases in perfusion.

C) inadequate blood supply and damage to body tissues.

The posterior interventricular sulcus A) is another name for the coronary sulcus. B) is a valve in the interventricular septum that closes at birth. C) is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart. D) contains the great cardiac vein and coronary sinus

C) is a groove between the ventricles on the back of the heart.

Leukocytes are the _______ of the formed elements, and leukocytes have ______________. A) smallest, no nucleus B) largest, no nucleus C) largest, prominent nuclei D) smallest, prominent nuclei

C) largest, prominent nuclei

Pulmonary arteries are wider than systemic arteries. Therefore, pulmonary circuit blood pressure is A) high and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange. B) high and blood flows very rapidly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange. C) low and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange. D) low and blood flows very rapidly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

C) low and blood flows very slowly through pulmonary capillaries, maximizing gas exchange.

The femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein when it A) passes above the tenth thoracic vertebra. B) merges with the popliteal vein. C) passes above the inguinal ligament. D) merges with the internal iliac vein.

C) passes above the inguinal ligament.

The "buffy coat" in a centrifuged blood sample is composed of A) erythrocytes and leukocytes. B) erythrocytes. C) platelets and leukocytes. D) platelets. E) leukocytes.

C) platelets and leukocytes.

If agglutination occurs after a blood transfusion, it may indicate A) there were no agglutinins (antibodies) in the recipient blood. B) the recipient had type AB blood. C) the wrong blood type was used. D) the donor had type O blood.

C) the wrong blood type was used.

Which most closely approximates the percentage of water in plasma by weight? A) 25% B) 98% C) 46% D) 92% E) 1%

D) 92%

Which is the most common type of capillary? A) Sinusoids B) Fenestrated C) Discontinuous D) Continuous E) Venules

D) Continuous

Which circuit of the cardiovascular system is responsible for sending blood to the kidneys, stomach, and pelvic regions? A) Coronary circuit B) Pulmonary circuit C) Visceral circuit D) Systemic circuit

D) Systemic circuit

Angiogenesis A) involves muscular constriction of arterioles to alter local perfusion. B) is a momentary chemical control of local blood flow. C) involves building new muscle tissue and decreasing the amount of blood vessels in a region. D) allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue.

D) allows for an increase in the perfusion of a local tissue.

Gas, nutrient, and waste exchange occur between the __________ and the tissues of the body. A) veins B) arteries C) capillaries and veins D) capillaries E) capillaries and arteries

D) capillaries

The atrioventricular (AV) node is located in the A) back wall of the left ventricle. B) roof of the left ventricle. C) back wall of the right ventricle. D) floor of the right atrium. E) floor of the left atrium.

D) floor of the right atrium.

Pectinate muscles are found on the A) anterior wall of the right ventricle. B) posterior walls of the right and left ventricles. C) external wall of the right atrium. D) internal walls of the right and left atria. E) posterior wall of the right ventricle.

D) internal walls of the right and left atria.

The type of leukocyte that will migrate in the blood and take up residence in the tissues as a macrophage is a(n) A) eosinophil. B) lymphocyte. C) neutrophil. D) monocyte. E) basophil.

D) monocyte.

If someone were to decrease their food intake and increase aerobic exercise, they might lose adipose tissue and condition their muscles. These changes would also influence their blood vessels, as there would be A) regression of blood vessels in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. B) angiogenesis in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. C) changes in the diameter of blood vessels, but no angiogenesis nor regression. D) regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.

D) regression of blood vessels in adipose tissue and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.

Which leukocytes are granulocytes? a: Neutrophils b: Eosinophils c: Lymphocytes d: Monocytes e: Basophils f: Erythrocytes A) a, b, e, f B) a, b, c C) c, d D) b, d, e E) a, b, e

E) a, b, e

Sodium, calcium, and bicarbonate are all described as plasma A) proteins. B) solvents. C) nutrients. D) formed elements. E) electrolytes.

E) electrolytes.

A portal system A) is a simple circulatory system with an areriovenous anastomosis. B) is one in which multiple arteries converge on one organ or body region. C) is one in which circulation to a large organ involves only one artery and one main (portal)vein. D) includes a functional end artery that makes an arterial anastomosis. E) is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

E) is one in which blood flows through two capillary beds before being sent back to the heart.

The layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue is the A) pericardium. B) endocardium. C) pectinate muscle. D) pericardial cavity. E) myocardium.

E) myocardium.

Match the heart valve with its description. 1. Between left ventricle and ascending aorta 2. Between left atrium and left ventricle 3. Between right atrium and right ventricle 4. Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

Tricuspid valve- 3 Pulmonary semilunar valve- 1 Bicuspid valve- 4 Aortic semilunar valve- 2