Exam 2 Man2021Organizational change and innovation are only prompted by external forces such as customer demands and market competition.

The __________ approach means incorporating structures and processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation of innovations.

ambidextrous

large-group intervention

an OD approach that brings together people from different parts of the organization (and often including outside stakeholders) to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for change

Shanice has real strengths in visualizing the benefits of new ventures. She also has a knack for supporting these ventures politically. Shanice is an excellent example of which of the following?

an idea champion

idea incubator

an organizational program that provides a safe harbor where employees can generate and develop ideas without interference from company bureaucracy or politics

Managers conduct a _________ when they consider the problems and opportunities that drive change and the factors that restrain change.

force-field analysis

bottom-up approach

getting new ideas from a company's existing employees, as do internal innovation contests. There is no guarantee that the new ideas will be implemented by senior management, but at least these approaches expose managers to good concepts that are grounded in work expertise. Because the employees already work for the company, the ideas are not likely to differ wildly from current company innovations, but they may allow the company to save significant amounts of money by suggesting improvements to products and processes.

One of the reasons staff resist organizational change is because with change sometimes comes a new set of goals and assessments. A reason why a television producer might resist organizational change within the company she works for, specifically as it relates to different assessments and goals, is because:

her director wants to pilot a new show that she thinks will fail.

cooperation

horizontal coordination mechanisms, customers, partners, open innovation

innovation roles

idea champions, new venture teams, skunkworks, new venture fund

In order to ensure the company's success, the CEO of Hangout, a new social media interface that connects individuals and facilitates web-based "hangouts'' between individuals, has had to be highly creative in order to compete with dating sites. One of the managers has just come up with the idea of hosting real-time activities in various locations, such as speed dating, or bowling night to further enhance the company's mission. She is also able to rally enough support behind the idea and begins to work with her team to orchestrate the idea. Which of the innovation strategies for changing products and technologies is implemented here?

innovation roles

Exploration involves

nurturing the creative process: hiring creative people and giving them the space they need to generate new ideas. Some companies use idea incubators to shield employees from company politics and policies and to allow them to play with new ideas in a safe environment.

Crowdsourcing

open innovation in which an organization "throws open the doors" to allow virtually anyone to contribute ideas, usually via the Internet. Individuals whose ideas are adopted may receive compensation, but generally people are enthusiastic about being a part of a product or mission they feel is exciting or valuable.

open innovation

opening up the search for new ideas beyond the organization's boundaries and allowing innovations to easily transfer inward and outward

The large-group intervention organizational development model leads to

rapid transformation

People typically resist a change they believe conflicts with their

self-interests

Organization development

set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective

horizontal linkage model

several departments, such as marketing, research, and manufacturing, work closely together to develop new products

communication, education

-Change is technical -Users need accurate info and analysis to understand change

top management support

-change involves multiple departments or reallocation of resources -users doubt legitimacy of change

participation

-users need to feel involved -design requires information from others -users have power to resist

Which approach to change implementation should be used when a crisis exists?

Coercion

Gabe works for an entertainment company that has a robust offering of services for artists, including marketing, business, fashion, and social media promotion. The company employs a horizontal-linkage model so artists can have a one-stop shop experience. Which of the following is probably a benefit of the horizontal linkage model?

It encourages the pooling of resources.

The smartphone, which essentially put a computer in people's pockets, is an example of a _______ because it has replaced other technologies.

disruptive innovation

Uncertainty

doubt, the state of being unsure

new-venture fund

provides resources from which individuals and groups can draw to develop new ideas, products, or businesses

Dayonara has recently been hired as part of a small, creative team for a new software company to develop user-friendly accounting tools for young entrepreneurs. If all goes well, this project will secure the company's future in the market. While the company's headquarters are located in Chicago, Dayonara's new team will have private facilities in Simi Valley, California and will not be subject to the same regulations as the Chicago office. Dayonara is most likely joining a(n):

skunkworks

Refreezing

strengthening the new behaviors that support the change. Individuals acquire new attitudes or values, and the organization rewards their use.

To reduce the time repair technicians need to spend traveling from one customer to the next, an appliance repair company could make a ___________becoming more efficient and hopefully more profitable.

technology change

Unfreezing

the phase during which a situation is prepared for change. Motivate people to change by making them aware that the current status is problematic.

Changing

the phase where a planned change actually takes place. Employees experiment with new behavior and learn new skills. This process is sometimes known as intervention.

In some cases, large, established companies buy small startup accompanies in order to obtain their products, services, and talent; this is one approach to innovation.

true

The first stage in achieving behavioral and attitudinal change is:

unfreezing

reverse innovation

when companies initially develop products for niche or underdeveloped markets, and then expand them into their original or home markets

coercion

- a crisis exists - initiators clearly have power - other implementation techniques have failed

product change

a change in the organization's product or service outputs

technology change

a change in the organization's production process

Culture change

a comprehensive shift in the mind-set of the entire organization as in this case, where people at different levels and in different departments all need to change the way they go about their work together. This is often addressed by organizational development. People change concerns just a few employees and is often addressed by training.

idea champion

a person who sees the need for and champions productive change within the organization

Skunkworks

a project team designated to produce a new, innovative product

people change

People change concerns just a few employees, such as sending a handful of middle managers to a training course to improve their leadership skills.

In the traditional organizational development model, work is done:

by individuals and in small groups

innovation roles involves

championing new ideas so they get carried forward, accepted, and implemented. It can involve taking on a champion or sponsor role in the organizational change process or creating small, new-venture teams or skunkworks dedicated to implementing breakthrough ideas.

external coordination

constantly look outside their boundaries to find and develop new ideas

Winton notices that one of his employees is very _______, because she comes up with many new solutions to problems that have never been tried before.

creative

exploration

creativity, bottom-up approach, internal contests, idea incubators

All of the following are characteristics of creative organizations except:

centralization

negotiation

- group has power of implementation - group will lose out in the change

exploration phase

involves designing the organization to encourage creativity and the initiation of new ideas

Cooperation involves

bringing people together to spark the creative process. Companies increase internal cooperation by bringing people together from different functional departments, especially manufacturing, research, and marketing. But, more and more companies are looking outside themselves to spark creativity. Open innovation and crowdsourcing are two ways companies can reach outside themselves for new ideas.

The __________ shows the importance of combining the efforts of various departments to develop and contribute to new products and technologies.

horizontal linkage model

internal coordination

innovation requires expertise from several departments

Disruptive innovation

innovations in products, services, or processes that radically change competition in an industry, such as the advent of streaming video or e-books.

Organizational change

the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization

Team-building activities are only useful when teams are new and are in the formative stages of development.

false

Innovation by acquisition

A strategy to obtain innovation by buying other companies, recognizing that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies rather than inside the walls of established firms.

force-field analysis

A technique for determining which forces drive a proposed change and which forces restrain it.

Public Health Media develops interactive health interventions for adolescent youth. Their most effective programs have been those that incorporate theories and frameworks from different fields. If the company wants to develop another successful product, what would be best course of action to take?

They should use open innovation.

Several cable companies, including Time Warner, are under tremendous pressure to identify new strategies that will help them stay relevant and competitive in the market. Cable companies not only have to compete with each other, but also the Internet, because customers are able to watch their favorite shows online through companies like Netflix and Hulu. The process by which online streaming expands to the point where it annihilates the cable industry is an example of:

disruptive innovation.

team building

enhances cohesiveness by helping groups of people learn to work together as a team.

3 categories of innovation strategies

exploration cooperation innovation roles

Organizational change and innovation are only prompted by external forces such as customer demands and market competition.

false