EXAM 2 - Nutrition

The product that is most likely to contain maltose is ____.

Beer

Years of chronic alcohol abuse may lead to all of the following except:

Blindness

The best source of EPA and DHA for infants is:

Breast milk

The length of a fatty acid chain is determined by the number of ______ molecules in the chain

Carbon

Functional fiber includes all of the following except:

Cellulose

High intake of red meat is linked to this type of cancer.

Colon

Excellent sources of plant proteins include all of the following except:

Corn

Proteins that are altered on exposure to acid or alkaline substances, heat, or agitation are said to be ___.

Denatured

Another name for glucose is _____.

Dextrose

The alcoholic beverage with the highest calories per serving size is:

Distilled spirits

Symptoms of a hangover include all of the following except:

Drop in heart rate

When the body is growing or recovering from an illness or injury, it needs a ___ protein balance to supply the raw materials required to build new tissues.

Positive

Major roles of fats in the body include all of the following except:

Precursor for insulin

Health benefits associated with soluble fiber include all of the following except:

Prevents diverticular disease

The oldest artificial sweetener on the market is _________.

Saccharin

Alcoholics often have deficiencies of all of the following minerals except:

Selenium

The plant source of protein that is considered a complete protein is:

Soybeans

George is a diabetic who is struggling to reduce his sugar intake. All of the following strategies may help him curb his sugar intake except:

Switching to a natural candy that uses honey and natural raw sugar

The soy product that is made from fermented soy beans is:

Tempeh

Motor proteins are involved in all of the following roles except:

Temperature regulation

The classification of carbohydrates depends on all of the following expect:

The color of the food

Fiber improves glucose tolerance by delaying the movement of carbohydrate into the small intestine.

True

Large quantities of pure galactose do not naturally exist.

True

Oligosaccharides are considered dietary fiber.

True

Resistance exercise (or weight training) enhances positive protein balance.

True

Small amounts of alcohol can be produced from sugar by the microorganisms in our intestines.

True

The FDA permits non-nutritive (artificial) sweeteners or any food product that has 5 or fewer calories per serving to be labeled as containing "0" calories.

True

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken steps to outlaw the use of trans fats in processed foods.

True

The RDA for carbohydrate for individuals 1 year and older is 130 g/day, which is enough to prevent ketosis.

True

The amount of glycogen stored depends on activity level.

True

The main fuel source for cells is glucose.

True

The mere thought of food or chewing food can stimulate gastrin release in the stomach.

True

The shorter the fatty acid chain, the more liquid the fatty acid.

True

Underage drinking by those under 21 years of age is more likely to kill young people than all illegal drugs combined.

True

Unsaturated fatty acids have adjoining carbons that are connected by a double bond.

True

Vegetarians are categorized by which animal foods are restricted in the diet.

True

Which of the following list of foods contain the best sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

Tuna, salmon, krill, olive oil

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, moderate alcohol intake for men is defined as up to __________ drinks per day.

Two

This type of diabetes is due to an autoimmune disease.

Type 1 diabetes

This type of diabetes is due mainly to hereditary and lifestyle factors.

Type 2 diabetes

Fats are the body's main form of energy storage.

True

Consuming soy proteins may help protect against heart disease because they are:

- Low in saturated fats - High in polyunsaturated fats - High in fiber ALL OF THE ABOVE

Foods that contain oligosaccharides include all of the following except:

- beans - breast milk - asparagus - broccoli ALL OF THE ABOVE

The RDA for protein is about ___ percent of total calories.

10

There are ___ nonessential amino acids.

11

In Africa and East Asia, about ___ percent of the protein eaten comes from animal sources.

20

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that ______ percentage of the calories adults consumed daily come from fat.

20-35

The Daily Value for fiber used on food labels is ___ grams.

25

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends an upper range for protein intake at ___ percent of calories

35

Worldwide, approximately ___ percent of protein in the diet comes from animals.

35

Carbohydrates provide on average _____ calories per gram.

4

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that ___ of daily calories come from carbohydrate.

45% to 65%

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that ____ to ____ of daily calories come from carbohydrates.

45%-65%

Which of the following pH would classify a substance as acidic?

5

There are ___ conditionally essential amino acids.

6

Alcohol provides _________ calories per gram.

7

Approximately ___ percent of protein in the American diet comes from animals.

70

A healthy individual maintains a blood glucose level between:

70 and 100 mg/dl

There are ___ essential amino acids.

9

All of the following is true about alcohol except:

Alcohol poses no health risks.

The building blocks for protein are called:

Amino acids

Approximately 80% of the digestible starches in the diet are:

Amylopectin

The two digestible starches are:

Amylose, amylopectin

Excessive fluid buildup and swelling in the surrounding tissues is called:

Edema

The hormones needed to stimulate positive protein balance include all of the following except:

Estrogen

The technical name for alcohol is:

Ethanol

Carbohydrates are inorganic compounds.

False

Enzymes are proteins that prevent chemical reactions from occurring.

False

Fiber has 4 calories per gram.

False

Fiber is digestible.

False

Foods rich in saturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature and have lower melting points.

False

Lacto-ovo vegetarians do not eat eggs.

False

Most of the naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are trans fatty acids.

False

Oils are solid at room temperature.

False

The body can make essential fatty acids when they are needed.

False

The sugar that occurs naturally in fruits is galactose.

False

Vegetarians must consume complementary proteins at the same meal to obtain all of the essential amino acids.

False

Plants create the carbohydrates in foods through a process called _________.

Photosynthesis

Which of the carbohydrates is transported through facilitated diffusion?

Fructose

The two hormones that regulate blood sugar levels are:

Glucagon, insulin

The most common monosaccharides are:

Glucose, fructose, galactose

The chemical messengers that are made in one part of the body but act on cells in other parts of the body are called ___.

Hormones

The process by which trans fats are created is called.

Hydrogenation

Potential health benefits of EPA include all of the following except:

Increase blood clotting

All of the following are true of kwashiorkor except:

It occurs primarily in children 8-10 years of age.

All of the following are true of marasmus except:

It results from too much infant formula.

All of the following are symptoms of diabetes except:

Lack of appetite

Another name for fructose is ______.

Levulose

All of the following are complications of diabetes except:

Liver failure

Signs of an essential fatty acid deficiency includes all of the following except:

Loss of hair

Glycogen is stored in:

Muscles, liver

Protein-energy malnutrition is most likely to occur in this list of countries.

Nigeria, India, Iraq

Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein contains this element.

Nitrogen

Infants with fetal alcohol syndrome exhibit the following characteristics except:

Normal birth weight

Examples of protein hormones include all of the following except:

Pepsin

One amino acid is joined to the next by a ___ bond.

Peptide

The characteristics of phospholipids include all of the following except:

They are found only in plants.

All of the following are true about lipids except:

They dissolve easily in water.

The nutrients that may be lacking in the diet of a poorly planned vegetarian include all of the following except:

Thiamin

The soy product that is made from soymilk and pressed into curds is called:

Tofu

Ninety-five percent of the lipids in the body are ______.

Triglycerides

A cis formation occurs when the hydrogen atoms next to the double bonds are on the same side of the carbon chain.

True

A well-planned plant-based diet will generally provide high-quality protein.

True

Alcohol intake can drop blood glucose to dangerous levels among diabetics.

True

Alcohol is an addictive substance.

True

All disaccharides contain glucose.

True

Animal proteins contain all of the essential amino acids.

True

Deficiency of essential fatty acids is extremely rare.

True

Endurance and body-building athletes require more protein than the average healthy individual does.

True

Jacky made a new year's resolution to increase her fiber intake. She is pleasantly surprised to find a number of recipes she can use for preparing broccoli, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, and beans. After four days on a high fiber diet, she is embarrassed to notice that she is passing a lot of gas. The best advice to give Jacky is to:

Use an enzyme-based supplement like Beano before she eats these foods.

Which of the following lists of amino acids contain all essential amino acids?

Valine, threonine, lysine, methionine

Total vegetarians are called:

Vegans

Alcoholics often have deficiencies of all of the following vitamins except:

Vitamin C

Compared to men, women are ______ to binge drink.

less likely