Exam #2
Carter Family
Born & raised in VA Clinch Mtns, grew up singing folk ballads A.P. collected & arranged songs; sang bass Sara sang lead; played autoharp, guitar Maybelle played guitar; sang alto Discovered by Victor A&R exec Ralph Peer (1927) in Bristol TN Recorded >300 tunes by 1943 incl. "Can the Circle be Unbroken"
Like a Rolling Stone
Broke rules re: length, subject matter, poetic diction Tempo/Meter: ~100 beats per minute; 4 beats per bar Length: 6+ min. Form: strophic form w/ long verses & (variable length) refrain Instr: solo vox over dense sound dominated by organ & piano w/ 2 guitars, elec bass, drums & tambourine Featured "in your face" vocal style Lyrics: incorporated surreal images & blunt realism Charts: Pop #2 (behind Beatles' "Help")
San Francisco
Center of "psychedelic rock" scene in late 1960s Incorporated folk rock, blues, "hard rock," Latin music, & Indian classical music Musicians tried to recreate/potentiate LSD effects thru long instrumental improvisations
Woodstock
Commercial festival (became "free" after ~100-200K showed up w/o tix); finally broke even w/ film Peaceful gathering of >300k fans marked zenith of hippie movement Feat. Shankar, Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Dead, Hendrix, Who, Joan Baez, Santana, Sly Stone, Creedence Clearwater Revival, CSNY
Altamont
Commercial festival organized by Rolling Stones; marred by tragedy; violent fan killed by Hell's Angel Feat. Stones, Jefferson Airplane, Santana, CSNY, (Dead canceled)
Folk Music
Concerned with political & social issues Associated with working-class, rural southerners Artists played acoustic guitars Allowed lyrics to be heard Perceived by fans as "authentic" (even scholarly) Texts/messages meant more than melodies
Allman Brothers Band
Connected blues to mainstream rock & "jam bands" Achieved breakthrough success w/ 1971 live album At Fillmore East Established genre of southern rock
Garage Bands
Consisted of semi-professional groups playing mainly for themselves & local audiences Raw, rough, musically undisciplined sounds expressed (predominantly male) teenage angst & brought rock back to their level
Counterculture
Convenient label for more innovative, rebellious, & radical aspects of 1960s culture Deeply connected to rock music Developed its own music, fads, slang, & fashions Predominantly white, middle class members Critiqued white middle-class social habits/values Rejected pop romanticism / commercial motivations Most musicians veterans of early 1960s folk mvmt Late 1960s rock made ambiguous/coded references to themes of sexual liberation & drug use
Jefferson Airplane
1st band to emerge nationally from S.F Formed 1965 by Marty Balin/Paul Kantner Part of original triumvirate of S.F. acid rock bands w/ Grateful Dead & Quicksilver Messenger Service Received $20,000 advance from RCA Grace Slick - biggest celebrity in band Originally lead singer w/ Great Society 1965: introduced to nat'l audience w/ pop #5 hit "Somebody to Love," from pop #3 LP Surrealistic Pillow
The Byrds
1st folk-rock band; formed in summer 1964 Folk trio of guitarists Jim McGuinn, Gene Clark, & David Crosby added bassist Chris Hillman & drummer Mike Clarke Inspired by Bob Dylan Charted 1st folk-rock hit covering Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" Also covered Pete Seeger's "Turn, Turn, Turn" Succeeded with (1st-ever) psychedelic rock hit "Eight Miles High" Featured hallucinatory lyrics Banned by some radio stations for supposed drug references
Beatlemania
1st time such extreme adulation bestowed on nonnative rock 'n' roll musicians
Hootenanny Show
Debuted 1963 on ABC-TV Rights to name bought from Bitter End (NYC folk-music club) ½-hr folk music show taped at series of college campuses Apolitical style alienated traditional folk singers Baez, Dylan, Kingston Trio, Peter, Paul, & Mary all boycotted it Pete Seeger excluded due to McCarthy-Era blacklisting Canceled 1964
The Rolling Stones
Debuted in 1962 @ Marquee Club w/ Michael Philip 'Mick' Jagger (b. 7/26/43) Keith Richards (b. 12/18/43) [Lewis] Brian [Hopkin] Jones (b. 2/28/1942) Ian Stewart (7/18/38) Performed covers by Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Bo Diddley, Howlin' Wolf, & Muddy Waters (namesake) Showcased songwriting talents of Jagger-Richards team Rebellious image, long hair, bad-boy attitudes, notorious drug use
Preservationism
Disappearance of folk music due to industrialization/urbanization
Jimi Hendrix
Drug-related death in 1970 Continuing influence on guitarists to follow Most original, inventive, & influential guitarist-singer-songwriter of rock era Known for guitar-focused showmanship Unique style incorporated feedback, distortion, wah-wah pedal, fuzz box, & aggressive dissonance "Purple Haze": strophic song as solo vehicle Fantastical lyrics Fantastical lyrics → counterculture iconicity Built his own studio (Electric Ladyland) Known more for albums than singles 1st 5 LPs all charted in top 10
Monterey Pop
Artist-organized benefit (most played free); 1st major rock fest; launched Summer of Love Feat. Simon & Garfunkle, Mamas & Papas, Ravi Shankar, Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Grateful Dead, Hendrix, Who, Animals, Byrds, Buffalo Springfield, Otis Redding, Booker T. & the M.G.s
Good Vibrations
Beach Boys' most famous song Unconventional in every way except lyrics Many tracks feat. Wrecking Crew Unusual instrumentation Incl. organ, flutes, cello, & theremin Extremely costly to produce
Please Please Me
Beatles' 1st U.K. top 10 hit Straightforward, up-tempo love song AABA form Ascending melody of "B" section depicts intensity
The Turtles
Began as CA surf-rock band, switched to (Beatles-infl) rock 1964, then moved into (Dylan-infl) folk-rock 1965 Led by vocalists Howard Kaylan & Mark Volman Successfully covered Dylan's "It Ain't Me, Babe" (1965 Pop #8) Biggest hit was "Happy Together" Kaylan & Volman later joined Frank Zappa's band, recorded as Flo & Eddie
Bob Dylan
Established himself as singer/songwriter in NYC Visited Woody Guthrie in hospital Considered embodiment of folk movement Stood out for originality & intensity of his songs Often incorporated/adapted traditional melodies 1st album (1962) contained mostly traditional songs 2nd & 3rd LPs (1963/64) gave him protest-singer rep Idiosyncratic perf style = barrier to pop marketability His songs often covered by more pop-friendly artists
James Brown
Excelled in live performance thru charisma & showmanship Live at the Apollo (1962) a breakthrough for live albums Featured "maximalist" emotion & "minimalist" grooves Highlighted repetitions of single words Included hypnotic, syncopated syllables Abandoned chord changes; focused on rhythm & timbre Active syncopated rhythm + static harmony → open sense of time Cast every instrument in polyrhythmic percussion role "I was hearing everything, even the guitars, like they were drums" Brought American pop back closer than ever to African roots
Bob Dylan
Exposed to Woody Guthrie @ UMN Moved to NYC to meet him 1st young folk singer signed to major label (Columbia) 1962 Early "hits": "Blowing in the Wind," "The Times They are a'Changin'" "Went electric" at '65 Newport Folk Festival - caused big scandal
Crossroads
Features "power trio" (electric guitar, electric bass, & drums) Showcases musicians' virtuosity Conveys power/passion of Clapton's guitar Reduces Johnson's strumming to guitar/bass riff Electronic amplification allows for long, sustained notes & flowing streams of shorter notes
Cross Road Blue
Features Johnson's acoustic guitar principally as chordal accompaniment Rapid strumming anticipates electric guitar styles of rock Utilizes bottleneck technique Mimics sound of human voice Incorporates dark, highly personal lyrics
Kingston Trio
Formed 1957 by 3 CA students: Bob Shane, Nick Reynolds, & Dave Guard #1 hit single "Tom Dooley" 1958 Sold 3.5 M singles on Capitol Clean-cut, apolitical, wide appeal
Creedence Clearwater Revival
Formed 1959 in S.F. Bay-area H.S. by: John Fogerty (b 5/28/45 Berkeley) lead gtr/vox/comp Tom Fogerty (b 11/9/41 Berkeley; d 9/6/90) rhythm gtr Stu Cook (b 4/25/45 Oakland) bass Doug Clifford (b 4/26/45 Palo Alto) drums Released 9 top-10 singles & 5 top-10 LPs e.g. "Proud Mary" (John Fogerty) pop #2 (1969) 1st widely successful "roots" R'n'R band Played deliberately old-fashioned R'n'R "Roots" incl. blues, country, rockabilly, R&B Positioned themselves as southern rock stylists despite Bay-area origins
The Kinks
Formed 1963 on London's blues scene Ray Davies (b 6/21/44) singer/songwriter/guitarist Dave Davies (b 2/3/47) lead guitarist Peter Quaife (b 12/31/43; d 6/23/10) bass guitar Michael Avory (b 2/15/44) drums "You Really Got Me" (1964) popularized fuzztone Later songs dig at Mods: "A Well Respected Man" & "Dedicated Follower of Fashion" (both 1966)
The Yardbirds
Formed 1963 on London's blues scene feat Eric Clapton (b 3/30/45) lead guitar Followed Rolling Stones as house band @ Crawdaddy Club made live record w/ Sonny Boy Williamson Clapton quit after #1 hit "For Your Love" replaced by Jeff Beck (b 6/24/44) in 1965 Forged psychedelic experimental style "Shapes of Things," "Over Under Sideways Down" Jimmy Page (b 1/9/44) joined '66; replaced Beck '67 Reformed as Led Zeppelin by Page 1968
The Animals
Formed 1963 when singer Eric Burdon joined Alan Price Combo (jazz trio) Style mixed Price's gospel-infl organ style w/ Burdon's 'wild' persona & raw voice infl by John Lee Hooker & Ray Charles 1964 version of "House of the Rising Sun" UK & US #1 hit (despite 4+ min length) feat Burdon's agonized delivery & Price's economical solos Further hits w/ Brill Building material "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" (Weil-Mann)
The Who
Formed 1964 (1st Detours, High Numbers) Pete Townshend (b 5/19/45) songwriter/guitar Roger Daltrey (b 3/1/44) singer, some gtr John Entwistle (b 10/9/46; d 6/27/02) elec bass gtr Keith Moon (b 8/23/47; d 8/23/78) drums Embraced mod subculture, maximum R&B Monterey Pop Festival, stage destruction Concept albums The Who Sell Out (1967), Tommy (1969), Quadrophenia (1973) Who's Next (1971) synth/sequencer EFX
The Doors
Formed 1965 by Ray Manzarek & Jim Morrison Jim Morrison (b 1943; d 1971), singer, songwriter, poet Ray Manzarek (b 1939), keyboard (/bass) player Robby Krieger (b 1946), guitarist, songwriter John Densmore (b 1944), drums Sound dominated by Manzarek's electric organ, Morrison's voice & poetic/obscure lyrics One of most controversial bands of 1960s Morrison's Dionysian lifestyle, controversial lyrics, & early demise made him symbol of countercultural rebellion Morrison's problems touring, drug & alcohol abuse led to arrest in Miami (1969) & death in Paris (1971) "Light My Fire" had major impact on rock music Popularity of shortened single → popularity of LP version Became successful despite almost 7-minute length Encouraged record companies to promote albums on emerging FM radio
The Velvet Underground
Formed 1965 in New York City by Lou Reed (b 3/2/42 Brooklyn NY) singer-songwriter, guitar John Cale (b 3/9/42 Wales UK) viola, bass, keyboards Sterling Morrison (b 8/29/42 East Meadow NY; d 8/30/95) gtr Maureen Tuck (b 8/26/44 Levittown NY) drums Reed was writing poetry & working as pop songwriter when he met Cale, who was playing avant-garde viola w/ minimalist composer LaMonte Young Discovered/promoted by pop-art superstar Andy Warhol Highly influential but never commercially successful Self-consciously experimental Lyrics focused on drug addiction, sadomasochism, social alienation, & other aspects of NYC street life e.g. "I'm Waiting for the Man," "Heroin," "Venus in Furs
Led Zeppelin
Formed London 1968 as "New Yardbirds" Jimmy Page (b 1/9/44) guitar Robert Plant (b 8/20/48) vocals John Paul Jones (1/3/46) bass/organ John Bonham (5/31/48-9/25/80) drums Influenced by urban blues, S.F. psychedlia, & Jimi Hendrix Influenced dev't of heavy metal w/ long, slow, descending bass riffs & extended instrumental improvisations
Buffalo Springfield
Formed in Los Angeles in 1966 Scored a top-10 hit (pop #7) with "For What It's Worth (Stop, Hey, What's That Sound?)" Launched careers of Stephen Stills & Neil Young
Newport Music Festival
Founded 1959 by George Wein & Pete Seeger Attracted 1st-year audience of 13,000 Introduced Joan Baez (unbilled guest appearance at '59 fest) Bob Dylan named "Crown-Prince of Folk Music" @ '63 fest Booed off stage for electric perf @ 1965 festival Festival cancelled in 1971; revived 1985
Grateful Dead
Grew out of bands involving Jerry Garcia Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions had evolved into the Warlocks by 1965 Performed at Ken Kesey's "acid test" parties Pioneered transition from urban folk to folk rock to acid rock Known for live concerts & long jams Became unique musical institution w/ devoted fans Encouraged & supported audience recording of their concerts
MC5
Infl. by blues, soul, avant-garde jazz, elec feedback Fast throbbing guitar/bass pulse w/ much distortion Shouted vocals expressing anger (political outrage) Underground act assoc. w/ John Sinclair's radical White Panther Party Played to "rioters" at '68 Democratic Chicago Convention First LP Kick Out the Jams (1969) refused airplay then censored for obscene lyrics Little commercial success but major infl on punk rock
Mersey Sound
Influenced by Buddy Holly & Crickets Instrumentation changes: string bass→electric bass guitar acoustic rhythm guitar→ elec. rhythm gtr Holly's solid-body guitar becomes standard Some use of keyboards &/or strings From Liverpool: Beatles, Gerry & the Pacemakers From Manchester: The Hollies (w/Graham Nash) & Herman's Hermits
Beatnik Roots
Late 60s experimentation/innovation infl by Beat writers (Ginsberg, Kerouac, Corso, et al.) Viewed America as hypocritical, oppressive society that despised/persecuted unconventional artists w/ non-traditional lifestyles Beat movement strongest in NYC & S.F. West Coast favored by Beats & associated musicians due to lax enforcement of drug laws & good, cheap, CA wine Cool/modern jazz supporting Beat writers' readings replaced by folk, blues, & (eventually) rock Dylan's folk-rock music & poetic lyricism strong infl on scene Widespread experimentation w/ psychedelic drugs & marijuana Interest in Hindustani music, Americana roots music, free jazz Jazz/folk "jamming" as basis for improvisational musical experimentation
Mods
London youth subculture Developed as teenage cult in early 1960s Initially emphasized sharp dressing / high fashion No clear socio-political agenda (conspicuous consumption) Some associations w/ drugs (speed) & homosexuality
Oye Como Va
Med tempo (126-30 bpm); 4 beats per bar Subtle backbeats amidst complex polyrhythms Form: Intro, chorus, solos, chorus, solo Improvised gtr/organ solos take up ½ total time Distinctive musical features Fluid guitar style Showcases electrified Afro Cuban dance rhythm Placement of instruments in "mix" represents important part of recording's "sound" Lyrics: 2 short lines of chorus - groove & texture much more important than words texture much more important than words Charts: Pop #13
Somebody To Love
Med-fast tempo (133 bpm) 4 beats per bar Even (rock) beat subdivisions Driving emphasis on each beat Form: 8-bar verses, choruses, & interlude Distinctive Features: Powerful vibrato-laden vocals by Grace Slick Propulsive momentum from drums, rhythm guitar Bluesy lead guitar licks/solo by Jorma Kaukonen Dense, loud instr. texture thick w/ elec. distortion Lyrics: Finding a lover as immediate imperative Charts: Pop #5, LP #3
Light My Fire
Medium Tempo: 126 beats per minute, 4 beats per bar Even beat subdivisions - drum backbeat (stronger behind chorus than verses) Form: organ intro, verse-chorus w/ instr. solo interlude Distinctive features: Starts w/moody, intimate vocals, building to scream at end Long carnivalesque organ & flamenco-infl guitar solos Bass lines played on organ Lyrics: Smooth, unmistakably sexual come-on from singer, hinting at transcendent potential of sex & drugs Charts: Pop #1 (3 wks), LP #2 (behind Sgt. Pepper
(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
Medium tempo; cha-cha-cha rhythm Foregrounded, unrelenting beat Fuzz-tone guitar riff serves as hook Unabashedly self-oriented & ultimately sexual lyrics Exemplifies Stones' distinctive lowdown, hard-rocking essence Pop #1 (4 wks / 14 wks on charts)
Stax Records
Memphis rec. co. that pioneered southern soul sound Founded as Satellite Rec. 1957 - country, pop, rockabilly Became Stax 1960 - blended R&B and rock 'n' roll Featured grooves, head arrangements by interracial house band (Booker T. & MGs + Memphis Horns) Artists incl Rufus/Carla Thomas, Otis Redding; Sam & Dave, Wilson Pickett (rec @ Stax for Atlantic) Rivaled Motown; focused on African American radio Motown - "Sound of Young America" Stax/Volt - "Sound of Black America"
Iggy and the Stooges
Michigan-based band formed in 1967 Sometimes called the Godfather of Punk Known for outrageous stage performances Influential but not commercially successful Working-class ancestors of punk rock Expressed sentiments of unemployed youth Acted out disgust with society by hitting and cutting himself Debut LP produced by VU s' John Cale Incl. "No Fun," "I Wanna Be Your Dog"
The Beatles
Modeled group after Buddy Holly's Crickets Performed covers by Chuck Berry, Carl Perkins, Little Richard, & Buddy Holly "Mersey beat" sound from Liverpool & Manchester Clean image, matching suits, heeled boots By 1963 were writing much of their own material Lennon & McCartney main songwriters from beginning Quit touring in 1966 and became a "studio band"
Statesboro Blues
Originally recorded 1928 by bluesman Blind Willie McTell Became signature song for Allman Brothers Features Duane Allman's soaring guitar playing Allman played bottleneck guitar on Gibson Les Paul thru fuzzbox & 2 bass amps
Eleanor Rigby
Released as "B" side of "Yellow Submarine" Unconventional string quartet arrangement Alternates btw. unrelated major & minor chords Philosophical look at loneliness Verse/chorus form suggests folk ballad infl. Incorporates uneven phrase lengths reflecting theme of incompleteness
Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band
Released in 1967: the "Summer of Love" Reflected counterculture ambience Famous cover feat. wild collage of historic counterculture figures Included probable drug references Included psychedelic sounds like distorted voices Evoked Indian classical music in "Within You Without You" Addresses audience as community Directly addresses the "audience" References to the "performance" in songs Sounds of restless audience at beginning Created as studio album but mimics aspects of live performance Conceived as album, not collection of songs No singles released from album
Rockers
Rival leather-jacketed youth subculture, akin to U.S. Hell's Angels
Bob Dylan
Shocked folk-purist fans w/ '65 Newport set backed by Paul Butterfield Blues Band's elec instr & drums Transformed himself into rock 'n' roll musician Perceived by folk community as betrayal Possibly influenced by meeting w/ Beatles, Byrds' cover Scored 1st pop-chart hits w/ new "folk-rock" sound Career largely sustained by albums, not singles Recorded in wide variety of genres Raised the possibility of rock 'n' roll as "art"
Stevie Wonder
Signed to Motown in 1961 (at age 10) 1st hit "Fingertips" '63 - youngest #1 ever Soul hits incl. "Uptight" '65, "Signed, Sealed, Delivered, I'm Yours" '70
Marvin Gaye
Singer, drummer, songwriter, producer Signed to Motown '60; tried jazz crossover then soul "Stubborn Kind of Fellow" '62, "How Sweet It Is" '64, "I'll be Doggone" '65, "Ain't No Mountain High Enough" '67, "Heard It Through the Grapevine" '68 Recorded concept album What's Going On 1970-71
Hard Day's Night
Title song from Beatles' 1st film Clever wordplay in song title AABA form w/blues references Lyrics & form express themes of dissonance resolving to consonance
Yesterday
Wide-ranging/enduringly popular Evokes Tin Pan Alley models AABA form Theme of broken romance Distinctive & expressive melody Influence of crooning on McCartney's singing
Eric Clapton
b (3/30/45 Ripley, S UK) guitarist/vocalist/songwriter Began playing guitar at age 14 Infl by Robert Johnson & B. B. King Cultivated blues purist aesthetic Worked w/ succession of bands incl. Yardbirds, Cream, Derek & the Dominos Cream Most influential 1960s British guitarist Famed for long virtuosic blues-based solos based solos Major influence on early heavy metal
Janis Joplin
b 1/19/43 Port Arthur, TX; d 10/4/70 Hollywood, CA Came up on Austin TX's folk/blues scene Along with Grace Slick, one of most important women on S.F. music scene Most successful white blues singer of '60s Did not cross over to R&B charts Joined Big Brother & the Holding Co. Brought in by Chet Helms (TX friend) Full-tilt singing style influenced by Bessie Smith and Big Mama Thornton Incorporated rough, rasping tones and "multiphonics"
Aretha Franklin
b 3/25/1942 Memphis TN - a.k.a. "Lady Soul" Grew up with & recorded gospel music Known as singer but also songwriter, keyboardist, & arranger - participated in aspects of production Powerful & intense vocal delivery revised pop-culture identifications for female singers Made strong political & social statements through assertive character of her performances Embodied female empowerment Inspired generation of female singer-songwriters
Carlos Santana
b 7/20/47 Jalisco, Mexico; guitarist-leader of interracial band Fused S.F. rock w/influence of AfroCuban salsa & experimental jazz Organized diverse musicians into band Patron Bill Graham (Fillmore) arranged standout perf at Woodstock for this person Hits included "Evil Ways" (1969/#9) "Black Magic Woman Black Magic Woman " (1970/#4) & (1970/#4) & "Oye Como Va" (1970/#13)
Otis Redding
b 9/9/41 Dawson GA; d 12/10/67 Madison WI Grew up singing & playing gospel music Inspired by Little Richard turned toward R&B Debuted on Stax/Volt 1962 w/ soul ballad "These Arms of Mine" Earned nickname "Mr. Pitiful" due to slow ballads Co-wrote (uptempo) soul song of same name 1963-67 scored top 10 R&B hits w/ little crossover success Booked at Fillmore 1966; Monterey Pop 1967 Acclaimed as highlight of festival "Dock of the Bay" 1st posthumous pop #1 hit
Joan Baez
b. 1/9/41 Staten Island NY Daughter of Mexican college prof & Scottish mother Influenced by leftist politics, inspired by MLK/Civil Rights Movement Repertory incl. Child ballads, Appalachian songs, & Civil Rights Anthems Adopted purist stance, rejected Kingston Trio's commercial style Prof'l debut at '59 Newport Festival
Pete Seeger
b. 5/19/1919 NYC Son of musicologist Charles Seeger, dropped out of Harvard Assisted Alan Lomax, met Leadbelly and Woody Guthrie (1940) Picked up term "hootenanny" (folk jam) on cross-country trip w/WG Founded Almanac Singers 1940; lived in Almanac House commune Formed Weavers 1949; blacklisted due to leftist political stance HUAC: House Un-American Activities Committee (McCarthy era)
James Brown
b. 5/3/1928 [1933] Barnwell SC; d. 12/25/2006 Atlanta GA aka "Godfather of Soul"/"Hardest Working Man in Show Business" Singer, songwriter, pioneer of soul & funk musical styles Had profound/long-lasting influence on funk, hip-hop, pop Most frequently sampled artist in history of hip-hop Born into extreme poverty in the rural South Abandoned by mother, neglected by father, raised by aunt in brothel Learned big-band pop (Crosby, Sinatra, Basie) & gospel songs Impressed by local preacher, minstrel shows, & Louis Jordan films Started career as prof'l gospel singer on parole from prison Switched over to R&B inspired by Hank Ballard & Midnighters Became dramatic performer w/energetic dance & vocal style
Huddie (Leadbelly) Ledbetter
b. Mooringsport LA 1/21/1885; d. NYC 12/6/49 Famous American songster, blues singer/guitarist Well known local musician by age 15 Accomp. Blind Lemon Jefferson on 12-str guitar Convicted of murder in TX 1918, reprieved 1925 Convicted of intent to murder in LA 1930 Discovered by John A. Lomax & paroled 1933 Prolific as songster, claimed 500-song repertory Incl. "Goodnight Irene," "Rock Island Line"
Woody Guthrie
b. Okemah OK 7/14/1912; d. NYC 10/3/67 Learned folk songs from Carter Family radio broadcasts/records Became traveling musician @ age 16 Singing about life during Great Depression Broadcast fame as songwriter, singer, guitarist Traveled country singing in support of unions 1000 songs written by 1954, incl. "This Land is Your Land" "So Long, It's Been Good to Know You" Formed Almanac Singers w/ Pete Seeger 1940 Hospitalized early 50s w/ Huntington's chorea (degenerative disease of nervous system)