Exam 2 PSY-150

IQ has been shown to be primarily genetically inherited with environment having very little impact on this trait. A) True B) False

B) False

An individual may react differently while watching a movie in a room full of others than while watching the same movie alone. Even though the same emotions are experienced, facial expressions are regulated in a manner consistent with cultural norms. This is an example of... a. Display rules b. Flynn effect c. Choice overload d. None of the above

a. Display rules

You fondly remember your parent's bringing you to the state fair and getting you some hot deep fried Oreos. This memory is an example of __________________ memory. a. Episodic b. Semantic c. Anterograde d. Prospective

a. Episodic

A peach picker who gets paid per pint picked, is being rewarded on which type of reinforcement schedule? a. Fixed Ratio b. Variable ratio c. Fixed Interval d. Variable Interval

a. Fixed Ratio

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the current view regarding the role of ghrelin in hunger regulation? a. It is associated with increased hunger. b. Ghrelin levels regulate feelings of satiety (feeling full) in the stomach. c. Increased ghrelin levels are involved in a lower propensity to eat your favorite foods.. d. High amounts in the brain have been shown to cause refusal to eat in laboratory rats.

a. It is associated with increased hunger.

Jane's parents introduced her to a variety of fruits and vegetables as a child by including the ones that they were eating on her dinner plate, but never forced her to eat them. As an adult Jane finds that she loves all kinds of fruits and veggies. __________________ may account for Jane's preferences. a. Observational learning b. Parental investment theory c. Availability heuristic d. Representativeness heuristic

a. Observational learning

False memories are often easily created by suggestion after an event has occurred. This is known as _____________. a. Suggestibility b. Matching hypothesis c. Encoding fallacy d. Source monitoring

a. Suggestibility

The research on aplysia (sea slugs) showed that the consolidation of memories leads to a physical change in the brain on the neuronal level. a. True b. False

a. True

Playing slot machines at a casino would be an example of which of the following reinforcement schedules? a. Variable ratio b. Fixed ratio c. Fixed interval d. Variable interval

a. Variable ratio

After a plane crash, Shera wakes up in a hospital and can remember everything about her life prior to the crash. However, every time her doctor visits, she believes she has never met him before. Based on this information, the doctor will most likely diagnose Shera with a. anterograde amnesia. b. proactive interference. c. retroactive interference. d. retrograde amnesia.

a. anterograde amnesia.

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus, the metronome (bell), without the unconditioned stimulus, the food, the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome. In classical conditioning, this process is called a. extinction. b. stimulus generalization. c. acquisition. d. spontaneous recovery.

a. extinction.

Which of the following best describes problem solving? a. finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal b. selecting the best option among a set of alternatives c. reasoning from general information to specific information d. using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable

a. finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal

Eva just upgraded her software package. However, even though the updated version contains a number of more efficient methods for working with files, Eva continues to work with files the way she did before the upgrade. In this case, Eva is showing evidence of a. mental set. b. belief perseverance. c. priming. d. the availability heuristic.

a. mental set.

Lulu has a hard time sitting still and concentrating when doing her homework. Lulu's father says to her "If you can sit still and focus for 10 minutes and get these three math problems right then we can play soccer together for a while." Lulu's father is trying to motivate a change in her behavior by a. offering Lulu an incentive to finish the math homework. b. getting Lulu to an optimal level of arousal to do the math homework. c. supporting Lulu in reaching self-actualization about math homework. d. helping Lulu to increase her intrinsic motivation to complete the math homework.

a. offering Lulu an incentive to finish the math homework.

Igor has not been skiing in 10 years. However, when he gets on his skis, his body remembers exactly how to ski. The kind of memory that makes it possible for him to remember how to ski is a. procedural. b. semantic. c. explicit. d. episodic.

a. procedural.

When solving a problem using insight, the solution is reached a. suddenly when it just pops into one's head. b. based on how similar the problem is to other problems. c. by starting at the goal state and working backward. d. by achieving one's subgoals.

a. suddenly when it just pops into one's head.

In memory, the storage phase of information processing lasts a. variable amounts of time. b. a fraction of a second. c. several seconds. d. several minutes.

a. variable amounts of time.

At Starbucks, a cup of coffee costs $2.82. To use exact change, you must hold the number 2.82 in your head while sorting through your wallet and calculating what coins you have. To be successful in actively processing this information, you must keep the information maintained in short-term storage by using your a. working memory. b. long-term storage. c. semantic memory. d. sensory storage.

a. working memory.

In his Psychology class Pedro is learning about conditioning. To help him learn, he thinks back to a time when he was classically conditioned to fear clowns. Pedro is using _____________ by linking something new that he is trying to learn with prior knowledge while encoding. Using this type of rehearsal will help Pedro have more successful long-term storage. a. Maintenance rehearsal b. Elaborative rehearsal c. Phonemic rehearsal d. Enhanced retrieval

b. Elaborative rehearsal

If a test is reliable then it will also always be valid. a. True b. False

b. False

Kanzi the bonobo is an example that highlights the lack of intelligent cognition in the animal kingdom. a. True b. False

b. False

Which of the following part of the brain acts as the body's thermostat? a. Amygdala. b. Hypothalamus. c. Hippocampus. d. Basal ganglia.

b. Hypothalamus.

When explaining to his wife how positive reinforcement and positive punishment are similar, Jackson correctly says that both a. decrease the probability of a behavior. b. add a stimulus. c. remove a stimulus. d. increase the probability of a behavior.

b. add a stimulus.

You are planning an upcoming trip to Namibia for a service project. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should a. take care because the Namibians will not be able to read your facial expressions. b. assume that you are reading the Namibians' facial expressions accurately. c. not worry about how to communicate with the Namibian people. d. not worry about misinterpretation because all expressions are recognized in every culture.

b. assume that you are reading the Namibians' facial expressions accurately.

An internal state of tension that precedes behavior designed to reduce that tension and restore homeostasis is referred to as a a. fugue. b. drive. c. need. d. biostate.

b. drive.

Whenever baby Colin cries, his mother picks him up. This stops Colin from crying. In turn, this makes Colin's mother pick him up more often. In this example, his mother picking him up serves as a ________ reinforcer for Colin. Colin stopping crying is a ________ reinforcer for the mother. a. negative; positive b. positive; negative c. positive; positive d. negative; negative

b. positive; negative

When we encounter a difficult problem, thinking about the problem in a new way can help solve it. This technique is known as a. using an analogy. b. restructuring. c. functional fixedness. d. using a mental set.

b. restructuring.

Liora is reading her textbook. As her eyes scan the page, each visual image is retained for less than a second in her a. working memory. b. sensory storage. c. episodic memory. d. short-term storage.

b. sensory storage.

When explaining the purpose of homeostasis, Dr. Murphy would most likely suggest that it a. uses incentives to reduce drives. b. stabilizes conditions in the body. c. creates a state of arousal. d. generates a drive to satisfy a need.

b. stabilizes conditions in the body.

In the studies of immunosuppression, researchers find that just entering a hospital's waiting room is enough to lower the immune system response of some people. In this case the waiting room would be the... a. US b. UR c. CS d. CR

c. CS

Giving yourself a break from studying after every 30 minutes would be an example of which of the following reinforcement schedules? a. Variable ratio b. Fixed ratio c. Fixed interval d. Variable interval

c. Fixed interval

Which of the following would be an example of crystallized intelligence? a. Aaron can compose a beautiful piano piece in one week. b. Miguel can think quickly in complicated situations. c. Jordan can easily recite the entire dictionary. d. Maggie is able to solve unfamiliar math problems.

c. Jordan can easily recite the entire dictionary.

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door, which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain? a. The hippocampus relays a message about the last time Mitch opened the cabinet. b. Dopamine is acting on his reward regions as a positive reinforcer. c. Mitch's mirror neurons are being activated. d. Long-term potentiation serves to remove synaptic connections.

c. Mitch's mirror neurons are being activated.

Which type of learning would best be used to teach your cat, Mr. Bigglesworth, to use the toilet to do his business instead of the litter box? a. Cognitive b. Classical c. Operant d. Observational

c. Operant

What happens to laboratory mice that have damaged receptors for leptin. a. They respond with decreased hunger. b. They selectively stop eating their favorite foods. c. They gain weight because their brain never tells them that they are full. d. They lose weight because their stomach stops monitoring ghrelin levels.

c. They gain weight because their brain never tells them that they are full.

Shazia describes a made-up story to Ronald in vivid detail about a time that they got into serious trouble as young children. Later on, Ronald remembers the event even though it never actually happened. Ronald is most likely experiencing a. persistence. b. retroactive interference. c. a false memory. d. blocking

c. a false memory.

Sarah wants to do well in class because she is earning credit toward graduation, which is her goal. Joe wants to do well in class because he gets pleasure from learning new material. Sarah is influenced by ________ motivation. Joe is influenced by ________ motivation. a. intrinsic; intrinsic b. intrinsic; extrinsic c. extrinsic; intrinsic d. extrinsic; extrinsic

c. extrinsic; intrinsic

In an experiment, you are asked to memorize a list of 30 words. At first, this seems like a challenging task. Then you remember that you can hold more words in short-term storage if you a. expand the capacity of your sensory storage. b. avoid using attention processes for working memory. c. group words together in meaningful ways. d. recall the word list an hour after you finish the experiment.

c. group words together in meaningful ways.

Claudia wants to send a fragile vase to her parents for their anniversary, but she can't find any appropriate packing material in her house. She decides to pop some popcorn and use that to pack around the vase. In this case, Claudia has a. demonstrated functional fixedness in solving her problem. b. effectively utilized the availability heuristic in solving her problem. c. overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem. d. utilized an elimination-by-aspects strategy to solve her problem.

c. overcome functional fixedness in solving her problem.

____________________ holds that the true measure of intelligence goes beyond the traditional methods and should include other aspects of human behavior. a. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale b. Emotional Quotient c. Thorndike's law of effect d. Gardner's multiple intelligences theory

d. Gardner's multiple intelligences theory

Vincent is a brilliant artist and is very satisfied with his achievements. However, he has little to eat, lives in poverty, and spends most of his time alone working on his art. Why would Vincent's life be problematic in terms of Maslow's need hierarchy? a. Lower and higher needs cannot be met simultaneously. b. Satisfaction is an emotion, not a need. c. Satisfying the need for esteem requires financial success. d. Lower needs must be met before higher needs.

d. Lower needs must be met before higher needs.

Adelynn is trying to learn how to paint a landscape in her art class by watching the instructor. This type of learning is referred to as ___________________ and it will be influenced by both Adelynn's attention and motivation. a. Cognitive b. Classical c. Operant d. Observational

d. Observational

Rob is terrified of brown recluse spiders, but does not jump at the sight of a daddy long legs. Through ________________ Rob has learned to differentiate between the two types of spiders. a. Spontaneous recovery b. Extinction c. Stimulus generalization d. Stimulus discrimination

d. Stimulus discrimination

Which of the following scientific finding would seem to support the saying "smile and you'll feel better." a. Misattribution of arousal b. The Bystander effect c. The Mere exposure effect d. The Facial feedback hypothesis

d. The Facial feedback hypothesis

A picture of a computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. The word computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. a. symbolic; analogical b. conceptual; mental map c. mental map; conceptual d. analogical; symbolic

d. analogical; symbolic

Joel is fantastic at solving logic problems but has a terrible vocabulary and cannot find most countries on a map. Joel would most likely be considered ________ in fluid intelligence and ________ in crystallized intelligence. a. high; high b. low; low c. low; high d. high; low

d. high; low

Cab drivers have been shown to have an enlarged ___________ as opposed to city bus drivers. This brain region is known to be important in enabling the consolidation of long term memories. a. mesolimbic dopamine pathway b. prefrontal cortex c. hypothalamus d. hippocampus

d. hippocampus

When wild Arctic wolves hunt, their efforts are only sometimes reinforced because finding food is difficult. The fact that the wolves are only sometimes reinforced for hunting is an example of ________ reinforcement. a. fixed b. continuous c. ratio d. partial

d. partial

The video on tool use in crow show that animals may have the cognitive ability to... a. understand object permanence b. understand spoken English c. speak English d. plan for the future

d. plan for the future

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal. To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N o 5. If Brad Pitt elicits an innate response from you, he is being used as a(n) a. unconditioned response. b. conditioned stimulus. c. conditioned response. d. unconditioned stimulus.

d. unconditioned stimulus.