EXAM 2 PSYC 190 CH 11

What were James Angell's three main conceptions of functionalism?

1. mental oprations vs mental elements 2. study of mind btwn environment and organism 3. relationship btwn mind-body

What did Thorndike discover abt children's "mind reading" ability?

Children learned by the reward and punishiment system; hands on C- sentence completion A- arithmetic ability V-vocabulary D- ability to follow directions

What was John Dewey's theory of education? What happened to his approach?

Dewey emphasized learning by doing, the importance of a student's interest in a task, and intelligent problem solving rather than rote memorization the approach declines and eventually died in the 1950's

What was the seminal article that established functionalism as a school of thought? who wrote this article

John Dewey "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology" credited to founding of functionalism

Who formalized the law of effect? What was this law?

Thorndike success strengthens the bond btwn a stimulus situation, and particular response

What was functionalism

a psychological system that studied the functions of mind and behavior in the context of the organism's adaptation to the environment (informal system)

What is the reflex arc?

a stimulus produces a sensation that triggers a response S -> O -> R sensation organism response dewy believed it should be viewed as a coordinated whole with a purpose or function , not as a series of individual components

What was James Angell's position on introspection? What was Harvey Carr's position?

angel saw introspection as a fundamental method of psychology, although their approaches to introspection differed carr's accepted that mental acts could be either subjectively (thru introspective self-report) or objectively observed, without implying one method was preferable

Who was Edward Thorndike and what did he do?

animal research started operant conditioning and devolped scales to measure reading, spelling, draw, handwriting, arithmetic found that success strengthened a bond between a stimulus situation and a particular response

What was Thorndike's Law of Effect?

behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences become more likely, while behaviors followed by negative consequences become less likely

What was the Gorge Herbert Mead best known for? What is his most famous work?

bst known for his concept of self , and his ideas anticipated movements in both social and clinical psychology, including elements of contemporary humanistic psychology bst known work -> "Mind, Self, & Society" towards sociology

What was the functionalists' view of behaviorism and psychoanalysis? Why?

functionalists tended to be skeptical of the more extreme, although sometimes related, systems such as behaviorism and psychoanalysis psychoanalysts stressed motivations importance for behavior, functionalists could say that motivation had always been important in their conception of adaptive behavior

According to Harvey Carr, what is the function of consciousness?

it has the function of helping the organism adapt to its environment

What did the concept of the reflex arc imply for the theory of structuralism?

lead to sensations images feelings

Who was the central individual in functionalism? (2 answers in bk)

no central individual important influences James, Hall, Cattell

Who was Robert Woodworth and what did he do?

stressed the importance of the state of the organism itself, changing the classic stimulus -response (S-R) formula to S-O-R. we must know the internal state , its motivation mechanism refers to - how something is accomplished drive- indicates why