Exam 2 Questions

Mesenchyme will differentiate into all EXCEPT...

keratinocytes

Which of the light micrographs in the figure below can be located in salivary glands? B C D E F

E , F

Spongy bone tissue lacks

Haversian canals

"Goose bumps" are caused by

contraction of arrector pili muscles

A ballet dancer may form hardened areas over their toe joints due to constant pressure and friction from their point shoes. What skin condition most likely developed on their toe joints?

corn

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis.

corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

Put the events of keratinization in order. A. Accumulate keratohyalin granules B. Cells increase in size, some retain ability to divide C. Cell membrane thickens. Cells imbedded in lipid matrix. D. Cells within this layer proliferate

d,b,a,c

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the

dermis

An infant has a genetic disorder that affects the thermogenic gene in brown fat. What may be an outcome of this disorder?

difficulty regulating body temperature

Nutrients reach the epidermis by

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

How do nutrients reach the epidermis?

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply. a) Arrector pili b) Epidermal ridges c) Sweat glands d) Eponychium e) Oil glands f) Lamellar granules

e,f

A child is examined for chronic, pruritic (itching), plaques that appear red in the flexural areas of the body. What condition is the child most likely presenting?

eczema

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin?

melanin production

Which cells are considered excitable cells because they are able to produce electrical signals?

muscle cells and neurons

Support electrical excitable cells fround in the nervous system?

neuroglial cells

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone tissue?

osteon

The extracellular matrix of connective tissue consists of

protein fibers and ground substance.

Which membrane reduces friction between organs?

serous membrane

Which epithelial tissue is found lining the kidney glomerulus and performs blood filtration

simple squamous epithelium

Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells are called

stem cells

Tactile epithelial cells are located in the

stratum basale

Apoptosis of cells occurs within the

stratum granulosum

The__________is formed from reticular fibers that support soft organs such as the spleen and lymph nodes

stroma.

Which membrane lines freely moveable joints?

synovial membrane

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect

the ability to thermoregulate

An individual allergic to peanut butter eats a snack containing trace amounts. While the reaction is not severe, the individual shows signs of elevated patches all over their skin. These patches are

urticaria

Which epithelial tissue lines the ducts of sweat glands and oil glands

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes.

Stratum basale

Which is a location where adipose tissue is commonly found?

Subcutaneous layer deep to the skin, Lining the chambers of the heart, In the articular cartilage of joints

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation?

Sweat glands

function of basement membrane

The basal lamina is a specialized type of extracellular material only secreted by connective tissue cells Epithelial cells produce the laminin which attach to the integrins in hemidesmosomes Basement membrane helps support and guide cells in migration during tissues repair

Most adipose tissue in the body is considered 'white fat'. Why is the subcutaneous layer often yellowish-orange?

The pigment carotene is stored there

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. 4. Friction will cause the stratum lucidum to form calluses.

1 and 2

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

1 and 3

A tissue has these characteristic: apical surface, single layer of tall narrow cells, brush border, goblet cells. What descriptors can define those characteristic? 1. secretion 2. absorption 3. simple epithelium 4. stratified epithelium 5. squamous cells 6. columnar cells 7. cuboidal cells 8. movement

1, 2, 3, 6

Which statements describe the function and structure of the skin? 1. Collagen is the strongest fiber in the skin. 2. Blood vessels in the dermis supply the epidermis with nutrients. 3. The arrangement of epidermal ridges, mixed with sweat create fingerprints. 4. The papillary layer is the strongest portion of the dermis. 5. The reticular layer promotes stretching of the skin.

1, 2, 4, 5

Which statements describe sebaceous glands? 1. oil producing 2. merocrine 3. holocrine 4. thermoregulation 5. sebum 6. apocrine

1, 3, 5

Which statements describing vitamin D are true. 1. The skin produces Vitamin D when exposed to UV light. 2. When the skin is exposed to UV light, it begins the reaction to convert the precursor molecule to calcitriol in the liver than kidneys. 3. Vitamin D supplements can be taken if individuals are not exposed to UV light. 4. Vitamin D stimulates the uptake of calcium from the intestines. 5. Vitamin D inhibits the function of phagocytes in immunity.

2, 3, 4

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens?

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described?

Lanugo

In which area would transitional epithelial cells be found

Lining of the urinary bladder

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin c?

Reticular region of the dermis

This type of exocrine gland undergoes a higher rate of mitosis due to its holocrine secretion

Sebaceous gland

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

Sebum

Sebaceous glands are classified as _________and are functionally classified as _________ ?

Simple branched acinar gland; holocrine

In the diagram shown below, where would cilia be present? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A

The skin is known as the _________membrane

Cutaneous

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep. 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum

4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1

In the diagram shown below, which cellular junction will prevent acidic stomach fluid from seeping into the connective tissue? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A

Which of the light micrographs in the figure below can be found in serous membranes? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

A

In the light micrograph which two tissues contain gap junctions?

A and C

Which of the following are characteristics of thick skin? Select all that apply. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. b) Does not contain hair follicles. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. d) Contain epidermal ridges. e) Lacking stratum lucidum f) Contains fewer corpuscles of touch than thin skin g) Stratum corneum has fewer layers in thick than thin

A,B,C,D

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply. a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. b) Blood vessels constrict to decrease blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. c) Vasoconstriction of the vessels decreases heat loss from the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin. e) Blood flow from the dermis is decreased while blood flow to the epidermis is increased.

A,D

Anne suffers from Ehlers-Danlos, a rare inherited disorder of connective tissue, specifically affecting collagen fibers. Because many connective tissues contain collagen throughout the body, she has issues with many tissues, joints, and skin. She has thin translucent skin that is stretchy. Scars appear abnormal and bruising and skin tear easily. What connective tissues are being damaged? Select all that apply a) Dense irregular connective tissue b) Elastic connective tissue c) Dense regular connective tissue d) Areolar connective tissue e) Blood connective tissue

A,D,E

These type of cell junction anchor adjacent cells together and resist their separation during contractile activities

Adherens junction and desmosomes

________ are abnormal joining of tissues resulting from the formation of scar tissue at a previous site of inflammation or surgical repair?

Adhesions

Fibrosis occurs if parenchymal cells repair the injury: [dropdown 1] Granulation tissue is actively growing tissue which can kill bacteria and form a framework for new epithelial tissues: [dropdown 2] Muscular tissue can proliferate very rapidly: [dropdown 3] Bone can replenish dead and damaged cells because of its ample blood supply: [dropdown 4]

Answer 1: False Answer 2: True Answer 3: False Answer 4: True

In the diagram shown below, which area would contain gap junctions, tight junctions and desmosomes? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

B

In the diagram shown below, which cell junction uses keratin to reinforce the stability of the cell? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

C

In the figure shown, which light micrograph contains autorhytmic cells? a) A b) B c) C

C

________ muscle pumps blood through the body and _________ is located in the wall of blood vessels?

Cardiac and smooth muscles

Which epithelial tissue lines most bronchioles and fallopian tubes and moves mucus and oocytes?

Ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Light micrograph [___] produces mucous and moves mucous out of the respiratory tract. A B C D E F

D

In the figure shown, which light micrograph shows a muscle tissue that is under involuntary control? a) A only b) B only c) C only d) A and B e) A and C

E

Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation?

Eccrine sweat gland

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop?

Ectoderm

All membranes contain epithelial tissue

False

Which polysaccharide is commonly found in the ground substance of connective tissues?

Hyaluronic acid

Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light?

Melanin

Vitamin C is needed for healthy collagen fibers. What tissue will not be as affected if vitamin C was absent or present in low amounts?

Transitional tissue

Which is a function of the tissue shown in Diagram D

conduct nerve impulses to muscle fibers

Mucous membranes line many passages. Select all that apply. a) digestive b) respiratory c) urinary d) reproductive e) auditory

a,b,c,d

Electrical signals called _____ travel along the plasma membrane of a neuron and stimulate the release of chemicals called _____ that are then used to communicate with other cells.

action potentials; neurotransmitters

An individual that becomes sedentary due to an ACL operation, will experience muscle ______ due to lack of physical activity.

atrophy

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the

epidermis

The pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs are composed of

fibrocartilage

The _______ component of connective tissue is found between the cells and fibers, and functions to support and bind cells in the tissue together?

ground substance

which is a function of the tissue shown in Diagram A

heat production

Functional classification of exocrine glands is based on

how the gland release its secretory product.

What connective tissue is replaced by bone in the epiphyseal plates?

hyaline cartilage

Anne suffers from Ehlers-Danlos, a rare inherited disorder of connective tissue, specifically affecting collagen fibers. Because many connective tissues contain collagen throughout the body, she has issues with many tissues, joints, and skin.The ligaments and tendons are loose and heal poorly when stretched too much. Her kneecap pops out of the groove a lot. What specific connective tissue is being affected?

hyaline cartilage, dense regular connective tissue

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the

hypodermis

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is

jaundice

A raised scar that extends into previously normal tissue is a(n)

keloid scar

Which epithelial tissue forms the most superficial layer of the skin?

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Sutures are required to close up a tear in the skin. What term best describes this injury?

laceration

Which condition results from androgens inhibiting hair growth in genetically predisposed adults?

male-pattern baldness

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce

melanin