Exam 2 Questions

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.

Denaturation

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

When a person is in ________, their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses.

nitrogen equilibrium

The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a ________.

peptide bond

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

walnuts

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

legumes

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested in the

mouth

True or False A fatty acid has a chain of carbons bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms.

true

True or False Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein.

true

True or False Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol and, as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.

true

True or False The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

true

True or False Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.

true

What helps glucose enter cells?

insulin

Every amino acid has ________ in its chemical structure.

nitrogen

What are comprised of amino acids?

proteins

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020), she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

250

Dallas, a healthy, active teenager, was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old. In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine, which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

Baked potatoes

Bryce is a pescavegetarian. Which of the following foods does he choose not to eat?

Chicken salad

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

Glycogen

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

Glucagon

Which of the following statements describe pancreatic lipase?

Pancreatic lipase is secreted into the duodenum and is necessary for fat digestion.

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?

Regular soft drinks

Which of the following menu items does not contain complementary protein?

Salad made with apples, pears, and grapes

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water

Macey would like to sweeten her tea with a nonnutritive sweetener that provides no calories per teaspoon. Which of the following sweeteners should she use?

Sucralose

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g?

Sucrose

Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?

apple

The liver uses cholesterol to make ________

bile

Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with abnormal blood urea nitrogen?

colon cancer

A/an ________ amino acid is one that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions.

conditionally essential

Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add ________ and stir the ingredients together.

egg yolks

True or False Carbohydrate absorption occurs almost exclusively in the stomach.

false

True or False People with low CRP are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.

false

True or False Phospholipids have a similar chemical structure to cholesterol.

false

Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?

fructose

what is composed of amylose and amylopectin?

starch

Major functions of lipids include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

stimulate production of vitamins and minerals

Digestion of protein begins in the ________.

stomach

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?

Avocado

A fasting blood HDL cholesterol level of ________ is considered desirable for healthy women.

greater than 50 mg/dL

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Linoleic

Bernard recently started following a vegan diet. What is a possible disadvantage to following such a diet?

Low intake of certain minerals, including zinc, iron, and calcium

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy?

all of the above

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose