EXAM 3

Which of the following descriptions applies to megaphylls?

All of the answer choices apply to megaphylls.

Plant roots function to

All of the choices are plant root functions.

considering that leaf stoma have the conflicting functions of allowing gaseous carbon dioxide into the leaf, yet preserving the plant's supply of water, which of the following is (are) reasonable?

All of the choices are reasonable.

Consider the possibility that we discover a gene that regulates both the amount of root hairs and where root hairs grow on a root tip. Since the surface area provided by root hairs is so critical to their uptake of water and nutrients, expanding their growth area seems a great advantage. However, which of these might be a problem?

All of these choices pose a problem.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plant cells?

Centrioles are present during mitosis.

Which group of gymnosperms is found in tropical and subtropical forests?

Cycads

Which group of gymnosperms is represented by only one surviving species?

Ginkgoes

Which statement is NOT true of the epidermis of a plant?

Guard cells are specialized epidermal cells found on root surfaces.

Which statement about leaves is NOT correct?

In eudicots, the photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.

As a botanist working for a field museum, you spend many hours in the field looking for new species. On a recent trip you may have discovered a new plant species. Your observations of the new plant include small leaves with a single, unbranched vein and roots that seem to be simple extensions of the stem. Your new plant species is probably a(n):

Lycophyte

Which of the following groups of plants contain microphylls?

Lycophytes

Identify the species that is NOT classified as a pteridophyte.

Marchantia

Many homeowners often attempt to transplant bushes and small trees but with limited success. Which of the following is the most likely reason for this?

Most homeowners pull the bush out without clearing enough of the soil from around the root system. This causes the lateral roots and root hairs to be torn off.

Which of the following tissue types are found only in the zone of cell division of the root tip?

None of these are restricted to just the zone of cell division of the root tip.

Which statement is NOT true about vascular tissue in plants?

Phloem cells are hollow and nonliving, and they form a continuous pipeline that transports sugars.

As a botanist working for a field museum, you spend many hours in the field looking for new species. On a recent trip you may have discovered a new plant species. The plant is very short, and has a stem but no roots or leaves. The stem forks and has branches that have sporangia on the tips. Further analysis reveals vascular tissue. What type of plant might you have discovered?

Rhyniophyte

Which statement is NOT true about woody stems?

Secondary phloem accumulates to form the wood.

Seedless vascular plants include all of the following EXCEPT

Sphagnum—Bryophyta.

It is possible to take a mature fern frond and rub the circular brown growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss. Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs. What has happened?

Spores released from the underside of the frond germinated on the peat plug and formed the gametophyte called a prothallus.

Which one or more of the following is true about root endodermis?

The endodermis forms a boundary between the cortex and inner vascular cylinder of the root and contains impermeable lignin and suberin.

Which of the following statements about lycophytes is correct?

The megaspores will develop into female gametophytes.

Which of the following features are necessary to classify a plant as a monocot?

The plant will contain one cotyledon, have parallel veins in the leaves, and the flowers will be in multiples of threes.

Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant?

The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the arrangement of tissues in the eudicot root?

The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of phloem.

Which of the following structures is a stem adaptation instead of a root adaptation?

These are all are stem adaptations.

indentify this plant as a monocot or eudicot after examining its stem and leaf.

This plant is a monocot

Which of the following statements best describes a herbaceous eudicot stem?

Vascular bundles are arranged in a ring which stores water and the products of photosynthesis.

What is the correct sequence of events during the life cycle of a moss? a. Gametes are produced in the archegonia and antheridia. b. Spores are released. c. The zygote develops within the archegonium. d. The mature sporophyte develops from the gametophyte and produces spores. e. Flagellated sperm swim towards the egg for fertilization. f. Spore germinates into the protonema.

a - e - c - d - b - f

Which of the following features would have helped early plant ancestors evolve to a terrestrial existence?

a cuticle

Damage to the parenchyma cells can lead to which of the following issues?

a decrease in the plant's ability to run photosynthesis or store the sugars produced from photosynthesis

An axillary bud may produce

a lateral branch or a flower.

The dominant plants in modern times are the _____ due to their relationship with animal pollinators.

angiosperms

A fifteen-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post, to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of five feet. Years later, the tree is thirty feet high. The fence is

approximately five feet up since a tree grows longer at the tips of its stem, branches, and roots.

All of the following structures are associated with lycophytes EXCEPT

archegonia.

Molecular data shows that land plants and charophytes

are in the same clade and form a monophyletic group.

The first plants to colonize land were the

bryophytes.

All of the following are taproots that are consumed as vegetables EXCEPT

celery.

Molecular data suggests that land plants evolved from

charophytes.

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of cells with primary walls thickened at the corners that provide support for immature parts of the cell body?

collenchyma

All of the following are specialized epidermal cells except

collenchyma.

You need to identify a plant, but it is winter and the leaves have fallen to the ground and mixed with leaves from other plants. The parts of flowers, fruits, and seed leaves of germinating seeds are not available either. Your best clue to identify the plants as a monocot or a eudicot is to

cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

A typical leaf is composed of multiple layers of specialized cells. What is the correct order of layers starting on the upper surface of the leaf and progressing to the lower surface?

cuticle - epidermis - palisade mesophyll - spongy mesophyll- epidermis - cuticle

As a botanist working for a field museum, you spend many hours in the field looking for new species of plant. On a recent trip, you came across a group of plants that may represent a new species. Each plant has seeds but they are not encased in fruit. Additionally, you notice that male and female cone structures are found on different plants. The cones are very large, and you determine average weight to be 30 kg. In which of the following groups would this plant most likely be classified?

cycad

Angiosperms are referred to as _____ when the male and female reproductive parts are on different individuals of the same species.

dioecious

In the fern life cycle, the _____ generation is dominant.

diploid sporophyte

The fiddlehead is a _____ that unfolds into a _____.

diploid sporophyte; fern frond

Which of the following features would disqualify a plant from being classified as a bryophyte?

dispersal of gametes by wind

Which of the following tissues forms the outer protective covering of the plant?

epidermal tissue

Identify the incorrect pairing of tissue type with cell type.

epidermal tissue - parenchyma cells

Which of the following tissue types will produce root hairs within the zone of maturation?

epidermis

The meristems that arise from the apical meristem include all of the following EXCEPT

epidermis.

the outer annual rings where transport occurs is called heartwood.

false

Which portion of the plant life cycle is haploid?

gametophyte

In the alternation of generations life cycle of plants, gametes are produced by the

gametophyte.

Which of these vascular plants produce seeds?

gnetophytes

The cortex found in the center of a dicot stem or a monocot root is made of what type of tissue?

ground tissue

Which of the following tissues makes up the majority of the interior of the plant?

ground tissue

In the moss life cycle, the _____ is the dominant generation.

haploid gametophyte

Gymnosperms are characterized by producing "naked seeds." Which of the following groups is NOT classified as a gymnosperm?

horsetails

Which of these vascular plants produce seeds?

male gametophyte.

Which of the following features would NOT be found in bryophytes?

megaphylls

Flagellated sperm and a sporophyte that is dependent on the gametophyte are characteristics of

moss.

The mesophyll layer of leaves is important to plants because

most of the photosynthesis occurs here.

To prepare a microscope slide of mitosis, where would one most likely find examples of cell division in a plant?

near the root tip

Which of these plant tissue types most closely corresponds to the "typical" unspecialized plant cell?

parenchyma

The number of growing seasons that a plant survives is determined by two flower-inducing genes, LEAFY and Apetala 1. If scientists were to block these genes resulting in an annual plant to survive multiple growing seasons, how would this plant now be described?

perennial

In older woody plants, the epidermis of the stem is replaced by

periderm.

During the spring and fall each year thousands of maple trees are tapped for their fluids in order to make "real" maple syrup. If you were to tap into a maple tree to extract the syrup (sucrose) which tissue layer do you want to tap into?

phloem

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of sieve-tube members and companion cells, and transports organic nutrients made in the leaves?

phloem

Vascular tissue that transports organic nutrients and sugars from the leaves to the roots is

phloem.

Evidence for the evolution of plants from a feshwater algal species is supported by all of the following EXCEPT:

plants and green algae share a significant number of structural similarities in root, stem, and leaf structures.

Which of the following is a male reproductive structure found in plants?

pollen cone

Which of the following is a trait that evolved in ALL land plants?

protection of the embryo

Which one or more of the following meristem and tissue matches are mismatched?

protoderm - vascular tissue and procambrium - epidermal tissue

When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site, it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a(n)

protonema.

Which of the following structures is an underground horizontal stem?

rhizome

The first fossil evidence of vascular tissue is seen in the

rhyniophytes.

The layers of cells that protect the root apical meristem are the

root cap.

In the pine life cycle

seed cones are located near the tips of higher branches and pollen cones develop near the tips of lower branches.

If a plant contains seven bud scale scars this would indicate that the plant is _____ years old.

seven

Which of these vascular tissue cells is alive but lacks a nucleus?

sieve-tube members

An insect destroying the _____ layer of tissues in a leaf would lead to a decrease in the ability of gas exchange within the leaf.

spongy mesophyll

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, seeds disperse the _____ stage of the life cycle and in mosses and ferns, spores disperse the _____ stage of the life cycle.

sporophyte; gametophyte

A characteristic of land plants is the presence of small openings, found mostly on the underside of leaves, that allow gas exchange between the plant and its environment. These structures are called

stomata.

Farmers have been able to genetically engineer a wide variety of crops that possess an enormous diversity of traits. If a farmer wanted to increase the ability of his crops to access ground water that is several meters below ground which type of root system would he want?

taproot

Asexual reproduction in the liverwort Marchantia is by means of

the detachment of gemmae.

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to a terrestrial environment?

the evolution of photosynthesis in order to supply the energy necessary to live on land

Identify the feature found in Cooksonia that qualifies it as a vascular plant.

the presence of branches

A characteristic only shared by angiosperms and gymnosperms is

the production of seeds.

All of the following are milestones in the evolution of plants EXCEPT

the switch to chlorophyll as the primary photosynthetic pigment.

If this structure were nibbled off by browsing deer, it would decrease the potential for an increase in height of the plant.

the terminal bud

As plants invaded the land, all of the following were true EXCEPT

there was an increased threat from predation by animals.

All of the following are true about bryophytes EXCEPT

they are now the most abundant plant group on land.

Which of the following is NOT part of an alternation of generations life cycle?

triploid gametes

Strawberry plants vegetatively reproduce by forming new plants where the nodes of stolons touch the ground.

true

Characteristics of eudicots include all EXCEPT

vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

Which of the following tissues transports water and nutrients within the plant?

vascular tissue

Which of the following is NOT an adaptation of plants to life on land?

waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out

Which of these plant tissue types is composed of hollow nonliving tracheids and vessel elements that transport water and nutrient minerals from the roots to the leaves?

xylem

In large woody plants, the wood is essentially made of _____ and the bark is essentially made of _____.

xylem; phloem and cork