Exam 3
nonvascular plants are collectively known as _______
Bryophytes
the specific group of green algae that are considered to be the most direct ancestors of modern-day plants are the _________
Charophytes
the largest group of plants within the gymnosperm category are the ____
Conifers
Since plants have embryos that develop partially enclosed within maternal tissue, they are also referred to as _______
Embryophytes
Plants that possess a vascular system at called ____
Tracheophytes
What does a seed develop from?
a fertilized ovule
Plants exhibit a life cycle known as _____ that possesses both a diploid and haploid multicellular stage. The diploid stage is known as the ____ and the haploid stage is the _____
alternation of generations, sporophyte, gametophyte
in plants the structures that produce and store sperm are specifically called ____ while those that produce and store eggs are called ____. spores on the other hand are stored in structures called _____.
antheridia, archegonia, sporangia
The female gametangium, or _________, produces an egg; the male gametangium, or ______, produces sperm cells
archegonium; antheridium
A major innovation of land plants is embryo protection. How is a moss embryo protected from desiccation?
by the archegonium
Plants probably descended from a group of green algae called
charophytes
to reduce desiccation, plants can possess a waxy covering on their surfaces called a _______ that helps retain moisture.
cuticle
the largest group of flowering plants produce embryos that possess two embryonic leaves and are therefore categorized as _____, while a smaller but still significant group possess only one embryonic leaf and are known as________
dicots, monocots
seeds allow an embryo to be viable and protected in a state of ____ until conditions suitable for growth are available. At that point the young seedling can emerge from this state in a process called _______
dormancy, germination
What do seeds contain?
embryo and nutritive tissue
Which of the following is a land plant that has flagellated sperm and a sporophyte-dominated life cycle? fern moss liverwort charophyte hornwort
fern
What structure produced by liverworts is most similar to moss brood bodies?
gemmae
A plant group whose members are known as bryophytes is commonly known as
hornworts mosses liverworts
The green, gametangia-bearing moss plant
is the haploid gametophyte generation
Microphylls are found in which plant group?
lycophytes (club mosses)
What is a pollen grain?
male gametophyte
A _______ is a leaf that arose from a branch system and therefore has multiple vascular bundles
megaphyll
In a pine tree, the microspores and megaspores are produced by the process of
meiosis
in heterosporous plants ______ give rise to male gametophytes and _____ to female ones.
microspores, megaspores
What plants do liverworts and hornworts share life-cycle similarities with?
mosses
nonvascular plants can reproduce asexually by generating fragmentation bodies designed to break away from the parent plant and grow into new individuals. In mosses, these fragmentation structures are _______ and in liverworts they are _______.
peristome, gemmae
the male gametophyte of seed-producing plants is contained within the _____
pollen grain
sperm travel through structure called a ______ to reach the eggs housed within structures at the base of the female cone scales called ____
pollen tube, ovules
Which phylum among the plants listed is likely to have the largest leaves? mosses pteridophytes liverworts hornworts lycophytes
pteridophytes
Which of the following adaptations allows plants to pause their life cycle until environmental conditions are optimal? flowers seeds stomata vascular tissue
seeds
fern sporophytes produce clusters of spore containing structures on the underside of their fronds called _____. These spores grow into gametophytes. In ferns the gametophyte generation is called a ________.
sorus, prothallus
The evolutionary step from the bryophytes involved the formation of
vascular tissue
