Exam 3 all quizzes
____ leadership refers to how well leaders are aware of, feel comfortable with, and act consistently with their self-concepts.
Authentic
Which of the following statements about emotional intelligence and leadership is TRUE?
Emotional intelligence is one of the desired competencies of effective leaders.
Which of the following is a characteristic of an adaptive corporate culture?
Employees continuously question past practices.
_____ is the cornerstone of effective negotiations.
Information
____ is a form of impression management.
Ingratiation
Which of the following statements is TRUE about using the separation strategy?
It works best when two merging companies operate in unrelated industries.
Which of the following is consistent with the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory?
Job applicants avoid employment in companies whose values seem incompatible with their own values.
Employees at Charlotte International have been frustrated with the management on just about everything. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve problems. Both sides have decided to seek third-party dispute resolution. The management prefers a third-party intervention that has high process and decision control while employees prefer a high level of process control and low decision control. The employees at Charlotte International prefer which of the following third-party interventions?
Mediation
The chief executive of Telecommco, a large telecommunications company, wants to restructure the organization so that product leaders would have more power than the executives in charge of each region. The regional executives try to prevent this restructuring because it would weaken their power and possibly reduce their salaries in the long term. The product leaders also put up some resistance because they feel that things work just fine the way they are. This action by the regional executives is primarily an example of resistance due to which of the following?
Negative valence of change
Which of the following represents legitimate power?
People in certain roles can request a set of behaviors from others.
When leaders apply high levels of ____ behavior, their employees tend to have more positive attitudes as well as lower absenteeism, grievances, and turnover.
People-oriented
What is the relationship between emotional intelligence and relationship conflicts?
Relationship conflict is less likely to occur if emotional intelligence is high.
Bob owns a small business with 12 employees. He is anticipating a large contract in the near future, which he hopes will triple his profit and double the number of employees he will hire. Bob has always been a very likable man and a dependable, hard-working person. Although he is worried about his ability to take on twice as many employees and continue on a successful path, he views himself as both transformational and managerial and is confident he and his business will prosper. From the information provided, which of the following best encompasses Bob's strongest leadership competency according to the competency perspective?
Self Concept
___________ are unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.
Shared assumptions
Your team is allocated a project involving a major client, the Beswick Company. Although the organization has many clients, this client, and project, is the largest source of revenue and affects the work of several other teams in the organization. The project requires continuous involvement with the client, so any problems with the client are immediately felt by others in the organization. Jamie, a member of your team, is the only person in the company with whom this client is willing to deal. Jamie has which of the following?
a low degree of substitute ability
Most employees at United FiberTech support the idea that the company's success depends on their willingness to continually change and improve customer service. United FiberTech probably has
an adaptive culture.
Which of the following is a third-party conflict resolution strategy with low process control and high decision control?
arbitration
Which of the following are the observable indicators of organizational culture?
artifacts
When people have leadership prototypes, they will most likely do which of the following?
believe that leaders are effective only if they behave consistently with their own preconceptions of how an effective leader should act
When people have leadership prototypes, they
believe that leaders are effective only if they behave consistently with their own preconceptions of how an effective leader should act.
___________ literally refers to how much you are located between others in a network.
betweenness
Your centrality in a social network is determined by your
betweenness, closeness, and degree centrality
When a member of a network has shorter, more direct, and efficient paths or connections with others in the network, we say that the member has high
closeness
At DoubleTalk Inc., Jeremy, a supervisor, pushes his employees' performance by constantly checking their work and threatening them if they fail to keep their deadlines. After months of mistreatment, the employees get together and sign a letter to the human resources department to express their grievances. What form of influence are the employees using?
coalition formation
Employees have ___________ , ranging from sarcasm to ostracism, to ensure that coworkers conform to team norms.
coercive power
To ____, companies can rotate staff to different departments and maintain a strong organizational culture.
decrease differentiation
In which strategy does the acquiring company impose its culture and business practices on the acquired organization?
deculturation
The number or percentage of connections you have in a network is called
degree centrality
Amber loves to solve puzzles. At first glance, a new project that Amber just received reminds her of a puzzle. Excited to get started, she researches the problem and lays out the information in the order that Amber believes will lead to a solution. Her boss, Joanie approached and asked Amber what she was doing. Amber explained her approach, and Joanie told her step-by-step the way the project should be completed without even considering Amber's skills and experience. What is Joanie's leadership style?
directive
Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as task-oriented leadership?
directive
According to path-goal theory, a combination of ___________ leadership is best for employees who are (or perceive themselves to be) inexperienced and unskilled.
directive and supportive
People with an external locus of control tend to be more satisfied with ___________ leadership styles.
directive and supportive
When a negotiator adopts a win-lose orientation in which one party necessarily loses when the other party gains, they are using the ____ approach to negotiations.
distributive
Which of the following characteristics addresses the leader's moderately high need for achievement?
drive
Corporate Business Inc. wants to introduce a new procedure for processing customer requests. They need full employee commitment for this effort to be successful. Which strategy would you recommend Corporate Business Inc. use in this situation?
employee involvement
Employees are more likely to comply with a supervisor's legitimate power when the
employees have high power distance.
The values that corporate leaders hope will eventually become the organization's culture are ____, however the organization's culture is defined by its ____.
espoused values; enacted values
To create a more ____ organization, leaders need to work on the enacted culture that steers employee behavior.
ethical
Implicit leadership theory states that
everyone has preconceived beliefs about leaders.
Which of the following sources of power originates from the power holder's own characteristics?
expert power
Which of the following networking styles increases a person's expert power?
gaining valuable information from other members through networking
In the negotiation process, a key objective of ___________ is to discover in the other party and communicate your own relative importance of each issue being negotiated.
gathering information
Research indicates that you will more often ____ as the number of brokering relationships you have increases.
get early promotions and higher pay
Which of the following is TRUE regarding action research?
it is a highly participative change process
Servant leadership emphasizes the notion that
leaders serve followers, rather than vice versa.
In the context of interpersonal conflict-handling styles, a ___ represents the forcing style.
low degree of cooperativeness and a high degree of assertiveness
Which of the following is the most common form of influence in high power distance cultures?
silent authority
By serving as __, a strong organizational culture fulfills the employees need for social identity.
social glue
Which contingency of power refers to the availability of alternatives?
substitutability
Which of the following leadership styles in path-goal theory is the same as people-oriented leadership?
supportive
Which of the following leadership styles should be used by leaders when team cohesiveness is low?
supportive
Which of the following is a difference between rituals and ceremonies?
Ceremonies are usually formal, whereas rituals are informal.
What are "strong ties"?
Close-knit relationships
When the acquired firm has a weak, but similar culture compared to the acquiring firm, it is best to use the ___________ merger strategy.
assimilation
Third-party dispute resolution activities are classified in terms of their
inquisition
Which of the following types of third-party intervention approaches do managers and those in other positions of authority usually adopt?
inquisition
Which of the following third-party conflict resolution strategies is characterized by high decision control and high process control?
insquition
Organizational socialization is best described as a process of ___________ where newcomers try to make sense of and adapt to the company's environment.
learning and adjustment
Which of the following factors leads to relationship conflicts in teams?
low levels of communication
The main purpose of a bicultural audit is to
minimize cultural clashes in corporate mergers.
Effective managers should
minimize the relationship conflicts that exist in the organization.
Rituals are
programmed routines of daily organizational life that dramatize the organization's culture.
Although Joanna expects much from her employees, the people that work for Joanna identify with her values, like her, and respect her as a person. Joanna has ___________ power.
referent
A best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA)
represents the estimated cost of walking away from the relationship.
Initial offer points, target points, and resistance points represent three elements in
the bargaining zone model.
In organizational settings, how is power defined?
the capacity to influence others
Who usually forms an organization's culture?
the founders
The bargaining zone model states that
the negotiation process moves each party along a continuum in opposite directions with an area of potential overlap.
A coworker performs a large favor for you. Based on ____, you will now feel obligated to do a favor for them.
the norm of reciprocity
Charisma refers to
the personal traits that provide referent power over others.
___________ is the cornerstone of effective value creation.
Information
Whenever a team in Ads Today, an advertising firm, wins a new contract, the successful team rings a loud bell and breaks out a bottle of champagne. What would this practice be considered?
a ritual
Transformational leaders
energize and direct employees to a new vision and corresponding behaviors.
The concept of leadership prototypes is an important component of which leadership theory?
implicit leadership theory
Ingratiation is part of a larger influence tactic known as
impression management
In negotiations, better outcomes are usually achieved when negotiators
set high target points that are specific
Which of the following is an artifact?
language
Which of the following statements is correct regarding pilot projects?
Pilot project are a cautious approach to organizational change.
Buy More Books is a discount bookstore chain that recently acquired Premiere Books, a smaller chain that offers extra services, such as special orders on books and music, and has a coffee area where customers can have a drink and look through books. In terms of the two organizational cultures, these two companies are likely to have a difficult time merging. What can organizational leaders do to minimize potential cultural collisions?
Conduct a bicultural audit
What is one of the first steps to minimize a cultural clash in a merger
Conduct a bicultural audit
Which of the following statements is TRUE of countervailing power in organizational relationships?
Countervailing power is the weaker party's power to maintain the stronger party's continued participation in the relationship.
What is one of the benefits of conflict?
It encourages employees to reexamine their basic assumptions about a problem and its possible solutions.
Which of the following is an advantage of having a moderate level of organizational conflict?
It energizes people to evaluate alternatives in decision making.
The Toy Barn acquired The Game Stop. The Game Stop has a dysfunctional culture, while The Toy Barn has a strong and effective culture. The owners of The Toy Barn took an organizational behavior class and learned that an assimilation strategy can be used in this type of merger. Why is that strategy NOT likely to work?
It is likely The Game Stops employees will resist the new values they will need to adopt.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the integration strategy?
It is usually slow and potentially risky due to many forces preserving the existing culture.
Which of the following is correct regarding a strategic vision?
It minimizes fear of the unknown.
Which of the following is TRUE about mental models?
Mental models can blind employees to new opportunities and unique problems.
Jessie and Preston are both managers at CPA4U, a large accounting firm. Each has a very different management style. Jessie frequently checks on her subordinates to see if there is any way she can help them to complete their projects. As a supervisor in the financial sector, Jessie maintains her moral integrity and is not swayed by pressures to take shortcuts. She tries to know a little bit about her employees' outside interests and always remembers everyone's birthday. Preston keeps to himself more and communicates with his subordinates mainly through emails; he's not particularly interested in his employees' after-work activities. His subordinates know exactly what is expected of them; they submit daily reports on their progress toward the weekly goals he has assigned them. Which type of leader is Jessie?
Servant Leader
What does the "optimal conflict" perspective on organizational conflict state?
Some level of conflict is necessary and promotes organizational effectiveness.
____ goals are goals that the conflicting employees or departments value and whose attainment requires the joint resources and effort of those parties.
Superordinate
Jonas' job is to attach screens onto tablet computers. He has done this routine for five years. His manager Lacy has noticed recently that Jonas appears bored and disinterested in his work. This is causing more of his work to have defects. However, Jonas is a valued employee. Which leadership style would you recommend Lacy adopt in this situation?
Supportive
Which of the following is a feature of relationship conflict?
The conflict episodes are viewed as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem.
Which of the following refers to "walk the talk"?
The leader steps out and behaves in ways that symbolize the vision.
The themes shared most consistently and widely by employees represent
The organization's dominant culture
Which of the following is TRUE about organizational culture?
The strength of an organization's culture refers to how widely and deeply employees hold the company's dominant values and assumptions.
Which of the following is characteristic of effective change agents
They communicate a vision in ways that are meaningful to others.
___________ involves calling upon higher authority or expertise, or symbolically relying on these sources to support the influencer's position.
Upward appeal
Which of the following is true as your betweenness in a network increases?
You have more control of the distribution of information to people on either side of you.
Reality shock is
a perceived discrepancy between employees' expectations and reality.
By creating ____, employee involvement reduces the fear of the unknown and the not-invented-here syndrome.
a sense of ownership
One of the functions of ___________ is that it is a spawning ground for emerging values that keep the firm aligned with the needs of customers, suppliers, society, and other stakeholders.
a subculture
Referent power is typically associated with
charisma.
Jessie and Preston are both managers at CPA4U, a large accounting firm. Each has a very different management style. Jessie frequently checks on her subordinates to see if there is any way she can help them to complete their projects. As a supervisor in the financial sector, Jessie maintains her moral integrity and is not swayed by pressures to take shortcuts. She tries to know a little bit about her employees' outside interests and always remembers everyone's birthday. Preston keeps to himself more and communicates with his subordinates mainly through emails; he's not particularly interested in his employees' after-work activities. His subordinates know exactly what is expected of them; they submit daily reports on their progress toward the weekly goals he has assigned them. Which type of leader is Preston?
a task-oriented leader
Employees at SuperTech Services seek out opportunities rather than wait for them to arrive. They also have a strong learning orientation. This implies that SuperTech has a(n) __ culture.
adaptive
According to the attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) theory, job applicants
avoid employment in companies whose values seem incompatible with their own values.
Which of the following conflict management styles is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness?
avoiding
Initial offer points, target points, and resistance points represent three elements in the ____ model.
bargaining zone model
When resource allocation decisions are ____, organizational politics are more likely to occur.
based on complex and ambiguous rules
In the negotiation process, a key objective of ____ is to establish and maintain trust.
building the relationship
In the negotiation process, a key objective of ___________ is to establish and maintain trust.
building the relationship
Which of these refers to the degree and nature of interdependence between the power holder and others?
centrality
Bill started with the company in the accounting department as a staff accountant nearly two years ago. Yesterday, after several moves within the organization, he was named vice president of accounting. Other employees, even those who had been with the company for years, said there was just something about Bill that made you like and trust him. He worked well with everyone, never threw others under the bus to further his own career and is described by coworkers and management as an all-around great guy. Bill's interpersonal attraction, known as ____, is associated with ____ power.
charisma; referent
B&D Systems, a small company, wants to go in a different direction with the manufacturing of several products that are needed as quickly as possible for the Christmas season. Allison has worked for the company for several years and has a great deal of influence with the other employees in her group, and they have been slowing down management plans. After her manager tried several tactics, unsuccessfully, to get Allison on board with the proposed changes, the quickly approaching holiday deadlines forced management to fire Allison. Which of the following strategies is being used?
coercion
Which of the following is the highest priority and first strategy required for any organizational change?
communicate the need for change
You are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of an organization. Both parties have equal power. Both parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving. You are actively searching for a middle ground between the interests of the two parties. Which of the following conflict resolution styles would you use in this situation?
compromising
Organizational stories are most effective at communicating organizational culture only when they
describe real people and are assumed to be true
Employees in engineering and marketing divisions often disagree with each other about how to achieve targets mainly because they have unique backgrounds, experiences, and training. Which form of structural conflict is this?
differentiation
The school district and teachers' union are negotiating a new contract. Both sides have made a few small concessions but on the night before school was to start, the teachers' union offered the school district a final offer that would end at midnight when a strike would officially start. The teachers' union agreed to decrease its salary demand by one percent but health insurance and job security demands were non-negotiable. The school district knew that parents were supporting the teachers and a strike would disrupt the community. With two hours until midnight, this time pressure on the part of the school is known as a(n)
exploding offer
Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?
flattering a boss
NewTel is a telephone company with a policy of filling positions internally through promotions, rather than hiring from outside. Until recently, the company had a strong engineering focus and tended to promote people to senior executive positions from the engineering areas. Consequently, almost all of the company's 14 senior executives joined the company over 20 years ago as junior engineers. There is increasing pressure on NewTel to become more market and service oriented. As a result, four people were hired last year from firms to fill new senior executive positions in marketing and service departments. The external hires were necessary because current employees were not sufficiently qualified. Now, there are signs of tension among senior executives, particularly during budget deliberations where there is limited discretionary spending on new corporate activities. The four new hires have been thwarted in their attempts to have the company invest more in marketing and customer services instead of investing in technological research, and they blame the senior executives for being hard-headed. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem. The four new hires have been attempting to have the company invest more in marketing and customer service instead of investing in technological research. The senior executives push back by insisting that cutting-edge technology speaks for itself, and nothing else matters. This is mainly an example of conflict due to which of the following?
goal incompatibility
People ____, which is one reason to belong to social networks.
have a drive to bond
Arbitration has a ____ level of control over the final outcome and a ____ level of control over the process.
high; low
BarkBark Inc. and Happy Toys Ltd. are considering a merger and are worried that their two organizational cultures will clash. They perform a detailed diagnosis by collecting and analyzing data about the employees of the two companies. They identify several overlapping values, which they feel can be combined into a cohesive new culture. What type of cultural merge would be best in this situation?
integration
Which strategy for merging two distinct cultures is most effective when the two companies have relatively weak cultures with overlapping values?
integration
Which of the following change management strategies should be given priority when employees need to break old routines and adopt new role patterns?
learning
Which of the following refers to the strategy in which employees deliberately inflate problems with changes that they did not initiate, just to prove that those ideas were not superior to their own?
not invented here syndrome
When team norms encourage ___________ , team members learn to appreciate honest dialogue without personally reacting to any emotional display during the disagreements.
openness
The ___ is represented by the values and shared assumptions most consistently and widely shared by employees.
organization's dominant culture
Which of the following is correct regarding organizational culture and ethics?
organizational culture can cause unethical behavior
According to leadership substitutes theory, which of the following could potentially substitute for task-oriented leadership?
performance based rewards
Ceremonies are
planned activities such as publicly rewarding employees at a meeting.
NewTel is a telephone company with a policy of filling positions internally through promotions, rather than hiring from outside. Until recently, the company had a strong engineering focus and tended to promote people to senior executive positions from the engineering areas. Consequently, almost all of the company's 14 senior executives joined the company over 20 years ago as junior engineers. There is increasing pressure on NewTel to become more market and service oriented. As a result, four people were hired last year from firms to fill new senior executive positions in marketing and service departments. The external hires were necessary because current employees were not sufficiently qualified. Now, there are signs of tension among senior executives, particularly during budget deliberations where there is limited discretionary spending on new corporate activities. The four new hires have been thwarted in their attempts to have the company invest more in marketing and customer services instead of investing in technological research, and they blame the senior executives for being hard-headed. The conflict episodes are being viewed by both sides as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem. The marketing executives and the other executives operate independently. However, they share the resources and money in the organization. This kind of interdependence is referred to as
pooled interdependence.
Power is the ___________ to change someone's behavior.
potential
Which of the following is characteristic of the organizational culture dimension of attention to detail?
precision
Leadership prototypes refer to
preconceived beliefs about the features and behaviors of effective leaders.
During which of the following stages of socialization do people first learn about the organization and job?
preemployment
Which of the following interpersonal conflict management styles represents a purely win‒win orientation?
problem solving
Situations with both _ produce the highest risk of conflict.
scarce resources and high task interdependence
Situations with both ___________ produce the highest risk of conflict.
scarce resources and high task interdependence
Which of the following would be more likely to cause people to engage in organizational politics?
scarce resources in the workplace
unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or ideal prototypes of behavior that are considered the correct way to think and act toward problems and opportunities.
shared assumptions
What are the two types of organizational conflict?
task conflict and relationship conflict
The customer-service department at Park-E Bank complains it is unable to keep track of its new business clients as the department handling data compilation has failed to enable a free exchange of information between the two departments. This has hindered the customer-service department to follow up on its customers' queries and update their relationship status with the bank. This has also impacted the department's sales target. This scenario exemplifies conflict due to
task interdependence
The customer-service department at Park-E Bank complains it is unable to keep track of its new business clients as the department handling data compilation has failed to enable a free exchange of information between the two departments. This has hindered the customer-service department to follow up on its customers' queries and update their relationship status with the bank. This has also impacted the department's sales target. This scenario exemplifies conflict due to which of the following?
task interdependence
Several managers were having a budget meeting. At first, they were all focused on the issues, though there was mild disagreement. Tensions increased as the participants wanted more of the fixed pool of monies than was available. The discussion then moved away from the budget to personal insults and sniping. The first part of this meeting illustrates ____ conflict, which later turned into ____ conflict.
task; relationship
Jackie is the CEO of a struggling company. She has listened to her employees' concerns about where the corporation is going and has developed a new vision that she feels will help foster a common bond throughout the organization. Jackie then hosted a company-wide picnic where she delivered an inspiring speech about the new plans for the business, including her plans for more open communication between management and employees. After her speech, management and employees all participated in trust-building exercises, and then each employee had a one-on-one conversation with Jackie. Which perspective of leadership most closely resembles Jackie's actions?
transformational
Lewin's force field model emphasizes that effective change occurs by ____ the current situation, moving to a desired condition, and then ____ the system so it remains in the desired state.
unfreezing; refreezing
People with high Machiavellian values tend to
use power to manipulate others toward their own personal goals.
A new employee in the finance department of the Hogan Company prominently displays diplomas and past awards indicating his financial expertise. What contingency of power is this person trying to increase?
visibility
A deculturation strategy of merging two corporate cultures should be applied in which of the following situations?
when the acquired firm's culture doesn't work
As a manager of XYZ Company, you are assigned to resolve a conflict between two departments of your organization, Department A and Department B. Both parties have equal power. Both parties are under time pressure to resolve the conflict. You also realize that the parties lack trust/openness for problem solving. If instead of equal power, Department A had considerably more power than Department B, what would Department B's best conflict resolution style be?
yielding