exam 3 &4
If you have 20 oz of 18% index fluid, how much 1% solution will you generate?
2.81 gallons
You have 256 oz of tank solution with a concentration of 2%. Determine the index of the fluid knowing that 16 oz were used to produce your solution?
32%
Which of these are purposes of blood drainage? A. to dehydrate the edematous areas B. to remove intravascular discolorations C. to prevent distention of several tissues D. to retard post-embalming decomposition
A, to dehydrate the edematous areas, B. To remove intravascular discolorations, C. to prevent discoloration of several tissues, D. to retard post-embalming decomposition.
Which of the following are characteristics of a jaundice fluid A. low index B. reducing agents C. high formaldehyde content D. bleaching agents
A. Low index, B. Reducing agents, D. Bleaching agent.
The secondary dilution of the arterial solution with the edematous fluids in a body will weaken the strength of the solution. True or False
True
The use of a high index fluid is recommended in cases of decomposition and drowning. True or False
True
The use of low pressure is recommended where vascular difficulties exist. True or False
True
There are two types of embaling machines they are the pulsating and the non-pulsating pumps. True or False
True
To properly adjust the pressure in a motorized embalming machine, the rate of flow should be completely closed. True or False
True
glycerine, sorbitol, glycols, and alcohols are good examples of vehicles. True or False
True
Jaundice fluid is classified as:
a special arterial fluid
Dyes that color tissues are called_____
active
Cosmetic fluid are so called because they contain_____.
active dyes
A method of stimulating drainage is ________. massage, instrument, pressure
all of these (massage, instrument, pressure)
The coloring materials used in modern embalming fluids generally are employed for the purpose of producing______.
an internal cosmetic
Generalized edema is referred to as:
anasarca
Chemicals which retard the increase in viscosity of the blood are:
anticoagulants
The ____ retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous by natural postmortem processes.
anticoagulants
These conditioners are used to maintain blood in a liquid state and thereby make it easy to remove from the circulatory system
anticoagulants
retard viscosity
anticoagulants
Which of the following is not an example of an extravascular resistance to fluid distribution?
arterial plaque
Order of schematic is
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
The use of ____ reduces hardening and graying of the tissues. It is an efficient stabilizer/neutralizer of formaldehyde.
borax
The ______ help to maintain the acid base balance (pH) within embalming solutions and embalmed tissues
buffers
stabilize acid-balance of solutions
buffers
The ______ is a red-coloring matter consisting of the dried bodies of the female insects of Coccus cacti
cochineal
Surfactant
considered a wetting agent
One would most likely use_____ drainage technique for pre-injection of remains.
continuous
buffer
controls acid-base balance
Chemical used in superglue name
cyanoarylate adhesive
The pH is a measure of _____
degree of acidity or alkalinity
Which of the following is not a disadvantage of the use of formaldehyde as a preservative in embalming fluids.
destroys autolytic enzyme
The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be_______
diluted
The arterial fluid injected into an edematous body will be _______.
diluted by edema
Vehicle
dissolves embalming fluid
In cases where death is accompanied by hemorrhage, draining is _______.
drainage is usually a problem
The _____ is the component of arterial fluids which imparts color to a solvent.
dye
active impart color to tissues and solvent
dyes
For which of the following cases would high index fluid be recommended?
edematous cases
The main purpose of these materials in embalming fluids to mitigate the drying effect of the preservative agents. Materials such as lanonlin & silicon are not in themselves water soluble.
emuilsified oils
The index is a measure of fluid strength which considers the percentage of ____.
foraldehyde
The index is a measure of fluid strength, which considers the percentage of ________
formaldehyde
One of the disadvantages of formaldehyde is the discoloration resulting when CH20 reacts with hemoglobin in the tissue. How do we call such a change in color?
formaldehyde gray
An aqueous solution containing 37% formaldehyde gas by mass and 40% by volume in water, or in water and methyl alcohol.
formalin
The embalmer uses these chemicals when treating the nasal and oral cavities as well as the surface of the body.
germicides
These chemicals kill or inactivate microorganisms a. germicides b. modifying agents c. preservatives d. humectants
germicides and preservatives
Which of the following is not a method of stimulating distribution and drainage
horizontal plane
delay firming; can rehydrate tissues
humectant
Dyes that merely lend color to the fluid in the bottle are ____dyes
inactive
Dyes used in arterial fluid which color the fluid in the bottle, but impart no color to the body tissue are ____ dyes.
inactive
Dyes used in arterial fluid which color the fluid in the bottle, but impart no color to the body tissues
inactive
These "special purpose" fluids, when mixed according to the manufacturer's directions, actually draw the edema from the tissues back into the capillaries, from which it can then be removed by the drainage process.
inorganic salts
influence osmotic qualities
inorganic salts
In cases of emaciation, the secondary dilution would be
less than usual
Which of the following treatments should be used when intravascular difficulties are manifested during the embalming process?
low pressure, slow rate of flow
reodorant
masks odor of formaldehyde
If warm water is used to prepare the embalming solution, the resultant solution may be expected to penetrate ______ because of the lowered surface tension value.
more rapidly
Humectant
offsets effects of dehydrate
Generally____ are selected not only for their power in covering harsh chemicals but also for the pleasant odor they impart to a solution.
perfuming agents
Although it was commonly used in arterial fluids when arterial fluid first became available, a majority of the use of this product today is in cavity fluids.
phenol
The chemical that is known as carbolic acid (C6H5OH) mainly used in cavity fluid formulations
phenol
The needle gauge on the emblaming machine indicates the _____ pressure when the flow is off.
potential
What type of anticoagulant will breakup clots by causing the mineral particles of the blood to fall out of suspension.
precipitants
These are chemicals which inactivate saprophytic bacteria, render the media upon which such bacteria grow unsuitable for nutrition and arrest decomposition by altering enzymes of the body.
preservation
Hardening compound is used as a ________
preservative and drying in autopsied cases
When preparing to embalm a dead body, the embalmer will prepare a solution by adding the concentrated embalming fluid to water. This dilution of fluid is called the ______ dilution.
primary
What is also a mold inhibitor
proplyene glycol
These chemicals displace an unpleasant odor or convert an unpleasant odor into a more pleasant one.
reodorants
The lymph fluids of the body help to promote_______
secondary dilution
agent that can fence off metal ions so they cannot react with other chemicals
sequestrant
The ______ are injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection. Some are injected before the preservation solution, others are injected with the preservation solution.
supplemental fluids
The ______ is the component of arterial fluid which is designed to decrease the molecular cohesion at the surface of a liquid.
surfactant
reduce molecular cohesion, reduce surface tension
surfactant
enable flow through capillary walls
surfactants
During embalming, the embalmer should wear ______. a. surgical cap b. face shield c. Garments that provide suitable coverage d. nonslip shoe covering
surgical cap, face shield, garments that provide suitable coverage, and nonslip shoe coverings.
Perfuming materials are used in embalming fluids because ________.
they mask the odor of formaldehyde
Reodorant material are used in embalming fluids because _____
they mask the odor of formaldehyde
Reodorant materials are used in embalming fluids because ________
they mask the odor of formaldehyde
Reodorant materials are used in embalming fluids because______
they mask the odor of formaldehyde
A polymer of formaldehyde known for its colorless crystalline material with an odor resembling that of chloroform and too expensive for use for embalming purposes.
trioxane
The embalmer must help the solution reach the tissues by employing the necessary physical manipulation such as massage and intermittent or restricted type of drainage. True or False
true
The smooth muscle of the artery is the
tunica media
What is the second to decompose on the second set of viscera putrefaction
uterus and large blood vessels.
solvent for fluid ingredients
vehicle
The _____ serves as the solvents for the many compounds incorporated into an embalming fluid.
vehicles
reduce hardness
water conditioners
The co-injection fluids are used_____
with arterial solution.
What will be the amount of arterial fluid necessary to make one gallon of solution at 2% strength using a twenty-index fluid?
12.80 oz
Based on your case analysis, you have dtermined to use 24 oz of 28 index fluid in two
2.6%
The maximum average level of exposure to formaldehyde over an eight hour time periods is:
0.75 ppm
The relative speed of decomposition of bodies exposed to air ____ cold water_____ and earth_____
1 week air, 2 week cold water, and 8 weeks air
It is recommended to inject a minimum of ______ gallon(s) per every ________ pounds of body weight.
1-50
Dead human bodies with extreme conditions of edema, delayed preparation, decomposition, among other circumstances place the ________ with less value today as in previous generations.
50 lb rule
Which of the following is the name given to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity?
Ascites
______ are chemicals which retard blood viscosity and which soften coagula.
Anti-coagulants
What is the order of decomposition of body compounds
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, bones
The vehicles, sometimes called_______must be a solvent that keeps the active substance in a stable state during transportation through the circulatory system to all parts of the body.
Carriers
______ is a type of decomposition reaction where water is split into H+ and OH - which are used to stabilize the two resulting molecules.
Hydrolysis
Which of the following is an example of an intravascular resistance to fluid distribution?
Coagula
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which both injection and drainage are allowed to run free throughout the operation is the______ method.
Continuous
Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming the environment, and the embalming fluids to be used.
Modifying agents
The movement of embalming solution from the point of injection through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules and veins is called______.
Distribution
Substances than when dissolved impart a definite color to a solvent
Dyes
Deodorants are used in embalming fluids to enhance the color of formaldehyde. True or False
False
Dyes which do not permanently impart color to body tissues are classified as active dyes. True or False
False
Index refers to the surfactant content of an arterial fluid. True or False
False
Jaundice is classified as a postmortem discoloration. True or False
False
Secondary dilution is that dilution of concentrated arterial fluid as prepared by the embalmer. True or False
False
The proper pressure to use in embalming a dead human body is that pressure which is sufficient to fill the abdominal cavity. True or False
False
When used in embalming preparation, this product is commercially supplied as a 2.5% aqueous solution that has a mild odor and a light color reacting in a wide pH range
Glutaraldehyde
Aqueous solution which tends stain tissues yellow limiting its use of cavity fluid.
Glyoxal
Chemical that affect the moisture and firming of the dead human body
Humectants
The chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissue are termed ____.
Humectants
The chemical additives that act as moisture retainers in the tissue are termed?
Humectants
_____ are chemical which can be used to offset the dehydrative effects of certain components of embalming fluid.
Humectants
Where is the condition of jaundice first noticed on a dead body?
In the sclera of the eyeball
According to your textbook, the amount of H-CHO (formaldehyde) measured in grams dissolved in 100 milliliters of solution refers to the _______.
Index
________ provides the force needed to overcome intravascular resistance.
Injection pressure
The method of drainage in relation to injection in which injection is continued and drainage is taken at intervals is the ______method.
Intermittent
The most effective drainage technique to create intravascular pressure without great distension potential is_______.
Intermittent
What is the purpose of formaldehyde in embalming fluids?
It acts as a perservative
What is the purpose of ponceau in embalming fluids?
It will impart a change in color change
When preparing the primary dilution for an edematous case the solution should be _________.
More astringent than usual
Which of the following is an example of a perfuming agent often used in embalming fluid
Methyl salicylate
How do you call the procedure in which the injection and drainage are accomplished through the same incision?
One point injection
Name given to the process of injection and drainage in which both common carotid arteries are raised and one of them injected while the other is obstructed.
Restricted cervical
Which of the following is a disinfectant and preservative found in the hardening compounds?
Paraformaldehyde
It is characterized by its bleaching properties and rapid penetration of the skin and absorption by proteins. Improper use of this product may cause graying of the skin to an excessive degree.
Phenol
With the embalming machine turned on and the rate of flow valve closed, the type of pressure being shown on the pressure gauge is the_____.
Potential pressure
What are some of the uses of hardening compound as part of the embalming process?
Preservative and drying agent in autopsied cases.
These are chemicals inactive saprophytic, retard upon which such bacteria grow unsuitable for nutrition and arrest decomposition by altering enzymes of the body.
Preservatives
These chemicals inactivate saprophytic bacteria by making nutritional medium unsuitable and arresting decomposition by altering enzymes and lysins of the dead body.
Preservatives
What is the one the disadvantages of using hard water during the embalming process?
Promotes blood clotting
These materials are used chiefly for their germicidal and deodorizing qualities in cold sterilization of instruments, linens, gowns and clothing.
Quatemary ammonium compounds
These chemicals displace an unpleasant odor or convert odor into a more pleasant one.
Reodorants
When injecting a body with any mechanical injector, the desired pressure should be _______.
Set before opening the rate of flow.
The procedures of injection and drainage in which injection is accomplished at one place and drainage is taken from another is called_____.
Split injection
Pre-injection fluids are used to stimulate drainage.
True
______ are contained in embalming fluids to assist in capillary permeability and hence tissue saturation.
Surfactants
The embalming term "secondary dilution" is used to refer to the action when ______.
The injected arterial solution mixes with the body fluid
Sectional embalming may include both arterial and hypodermic treatment. True or False
True
What is the purpose of the quaternary ammonium compounds in embalming fluids?
They act as a supplementary germicides
The elevation of the extremities will aid the embalmer when embalming an edematous case. True or False
True
What are the first to decompose on the first set of viscera putrefaction
Trachea, larynx (lining membrane), infant brain and gravid uterus.
According to your textbook washing a jaundice case with soap and warm water will actually help remove some of the loose yellow pigmentation. True or false
True
After death the viscosity of the blood usually increases. True or False
True
Among the main chemicals common to almost all embalming preservatives solutions are formaldehyde and methyl alcohol.
True
Arterial fluids having 28-36 are high index firming fluids. True or False
True
Commercial embalming fluid when used in different concentrations, may produce different effects. True or False
True
Dehydration may occur if an embalmer uses too strong a formaldehyde solution. True or False
True
Formulations containing phenol are often used as bleaching agents to lighten discoloration on the skin surface. True or False
True
Humectants are advisable for use in emaciated cases True or False
True
Paraformaldehyde is the basic active ingredient of preservative powders. True or False
True
Which of the following substances serves as a solvent for the many ingredients incorporated in an embalming fluid.
Vehicle
The ingredient is added to hard water that will be used for diluting the arterial fluid.
Water conditioner
Name given to the chemical additives employed to offset the effects of water with an excessive mineral content.
Water conditioners
The materials that are employed as anticoagulants also functions as_______ or _______; however, products specially designed for that purpose are commercially available.
Water softeners-water conditioners
A jaundice case is best described by which of the following discolorations?
Yellow
