Exam 3 Ch. 8 NFS

Which group is LEAST at risk for developing vitamin C deficiency? a Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables b Infants fed cows' milk c Alcoholics d Elderly people consuming nutrient poor diets

Adults who consume plenty of fruits and vegetables

: Which is a good dietary source of thiamin? a Sunflower seeds b Pork c Whole grains d All of the above

All of the above

Which group is at risk for folate deficiency? a Premature infants b Elderly c Smokers d All of the above

All of the above

Consumption of orange juice enhances the absorption of which nutrient?

Iron

Which is true regarding niacin? a It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan. b Eggs are a good source of preformed niacin. c The niacin deficiency disease is beriberi. d Corn has a protective effect against niacin deficiencies.

It can be synthesized in the body from the amino acid tryptophan.

Vitamin C deficiency causes:

bleeding gums.

Vitamin B 12 deficiency caused by a lack of intrinsic factor results in:

pernicious anemia.

Riboflavin forms active coenzymes that do all the following EXCEPT: a assist with energy production from carbohydrates, proteins and fats. b function as electron carriers. c participate in the citric acid cycle. d relay signals between nerve cells.

relay signals between nerve cells.

Pantothenic acid is abundant in:

sunflower seeds.

Vitamin B 6 status is affected by all of the following EXCEPT: a the amount of fat in the diet. b oral contraceptives. c exposure of food to heat and light. d alcohol ingestion.

the amount of fat in the diet.

What risk might be associated with the overconsumption of fortified foods?

Additional nutrient intake may increase the likelihood of toxicity.

Which is the best source of vitamin C? a Strawberries b Corn c Milk d Beef

Strawberries

Why is niacin deficiency associated with the consumption of corn-based diet?

The niacin in corn is bound, decreasing its absorption.

Why might milk sold in clear bottles be low in riboflavin?

The riboflavin in milk can be destroyed by exposure to light.

What is true about thiamin? a Thiamin may be destroyed during cooking. b Thiamin is sensitive to an acidic environment. c Thiamin can be synthesized by the body. d Thiamin is a source of energy for physical activity

Thiamin may be destroyed during cooking.

Biotin is tightly bound by avidin, which prevents absorption of the vitamin. Avidin is commonly found in:

egg whites.

Vitamins may be lost when food is processed. When these vitamins are added back to the processed food at the same or higher level, the food is said to be:

enriched

Choline is an _________ nutrient.

essential

A common adverse effect of niacin toxicity is:

flushing of the skin.

The ______________ is the site of most vitamin absorption into the body.

small intestine

Beriberi is a disease caused by lack of ______________ in the diet.

thiamin

Meeting vitamin B 12 needs from the diet is especially difficult for:

vegans.

Which is the FALSE statement regarding biotin? a Biotin functions in the metabolism of some amino acids. b An RDA for biotin has not been determined. c Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine. d People on tube feedings may become deficient.

Biotin is produced by enzymes in epithelial cells that line the small intestine.

Which B vitamin decreases the risk of neural tube defects in developing babies?

Folic acid

Why might thiamin deficiency cause neurological symptoms?

It is necessary for synthesis of acetylcholine.

For which group is taking vitamin B 12 supplements the LEAST beneficial? a People eating diets high in animal products b Older adults with significantly reduced stomach acid c People who do not consume animal products d Breast- fed infants whose mothers are vegans

People eating diets high in animal products

Which of the following does NOT affect thiamin availability in food? a Presence of other vitamins b Enzymes found in raw fish c Compounds found in blueberries, tea and coffee d Heat, as generated in cooking

Presence of other vitamins

A person consuming a diet deficient in dairy products but otherwise adequate, would have the most difficulty obtaining sufficient amounts of which vitamin?

Riboflavin

Which statement about choline is correct? a It has no identified, important roles in normal homeostasis. b It is classified as a vitamin since it cannot be synthesized in the body. c Deficiency causes kidney problems. d There is an established UL for choline intake due to toxicity symptoms.

There is an established UL for choline intake due to toxicity symptoms.

How are thiamin and riboflavin similar?

They help metabolize the macronutrients.

Riboflavin supplementation does not provide :

an energy boost.

A primary function of thiamin is to:

facilitate the production of energy from glucose.

The RDA for B 6 in adults ______________ with aging.

increases

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to:

light

Symptoms of ariboflavinosis do NOT include: a inflammation of the eyes and mouth. b scaly, greasy skin eruptions. c confusion. d megoblastic anemia.

megoblastic anemia.

Which statement is FALSE regarding pantothenic acid? a Deficiency has been associated with consumption of raw eggs. b It is found only in a few select foods. c Toxicity is a concern due to food enrichment in the U.S. d All of the above are false.

All of the above are false.

Why might consuming raw eggs cause a biotin deficiency?

Avidin in egg whites binds biotin and prevents its absorption.

Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In clinical studies, which vitamins have been shown to decrease homocysteine levels in the blood?

B6 , folate & B12

Which term describes how well a vitamin is absorbed and used by the body?

Bioavailability

Which is true about biotin deficiency? a Biotin deficiency is only found when raw eggs are consumed. b Biotin deficiency leads to the formation of weak bones. c Biotin deficiency is common in people dependent on feeding tubes. d Biotin deficiency is best avoided by using fortified foods.

Biotin deficiency is common in people dependent on feeding tubes.

Which group of people is most at risk for developing thiamin deficiency?

Chronic alcoholics

Pantothenic acid forms part of which molecule?

Coenzyme A

Vitamin B 6 is NOT involved in which physiologic process? a Formation of non-essential amino acids b Hemoglobin synthesis c Collagen formation d Formation of white blood cells important for immunity

Collagen formation

Which one of the following symptoms is associated with pellagra?

Dementia

Which of the following is NOT recognized as a major function of vitamin C in the body? a Formation of collagen b Facilitating release of energy from glucose c Protection against damage from free radicals d Enhancing iron absorption

Facilitating release of energy from glucose

Why is folic acid supplementation recommended for women of child bearing age?

Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects.

Which statement regarding fortification of foods in the U.S. is NOT true? a Fortification is always regulated by the FDA. b Fortification can be an arbitrary act of the food manufacturer. c Fortification can lead to nutrient imbalances and toxicities. d Fortification of juice can help individuals meet their daily calcium requirement.

Fortification is always regulated by the FDA.

Which statement concerning vitamins is INCORRECT? a Vitamins are organic compounds. b If a vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it. c The vitamin content of a food may be affected by cooking and processing. d Vitamins are essential for growth, reproduction and health.

If a vitamin is not provided by the diet, the body will synthesize it.

Which food is the best source of folate?

Lentils

Which physiologic process requires vitamin B 12?

Maintenance of myelin and normal nerve transmission

Which of the following statements about vitamin B 12 deficiency is true? a Connective tissue abnormalities are common. b Symptoms can appear quite rapidly. c Myelin degeneration can cause neurological symptoms. d All of the above are true.

Myelin degeneration can cause neurological symptoms.

Which statement about niacin is true? a There is no UL established for niacin intake. b Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients. c Niacin deficiency causes adverse effects in limited areas of the body. d Niacin is needed to synthesize tryptophan.

Niacin is important in the production of energy from dietary nutrients.

When the vitamins lost in grain processing are restored, which is a nutrient typically NOT added back? a Iron b Thiamin c Pantothenic acid d Riboflavin

Pantothenic acid

Why is pantothenic acid deficiency rare?

Pantothenic acid is particularly abundant in the food supply.

Which disease is caused by niacin deficiency?

Pellagra

Which lifestyle factor increases the requirement for vitamin C?

Smoking cigarettes

What is a function of vitamin B12?

Vitamin B12 is required for nerve transmission.

How is vitamin B6 associated with heart disease?

Vitamin B6 breaks down homocysteine. too much causes heart disease

What is true about vitamin B6? a Vitamin B6 is found in only in animal food sources. b Vitamin B6 is stable during cooking. c Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism. d Vitamin B6 is absent from both fortified grains and breakfast cereals.

Vitamin B6 is important for protein metabolism.

What is a role of vitamin C in the body?

Vitamin C helps to maintain body tissues.

Which is the FALSE statement regarding vitamin C? a Vitamin C may decrease the duration of the common cold. b People prone to developing certain types of kidney stones should avoid vitamin C supplementation. c Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop. d Vitamin C supplements are unlikely to cause toxicity.

Vitamin C is efficiently stored in the liver, so deficiency symptoms take weeks or months to develop.

Which statement is NOT true? a Vitamins provide energy. b Deficiency of a fat-soluble vitamin is less likely than of a typical water-soluble vitamin. c Vitamins are necessary in many biochemical reactions in the body. d Vitamin deficiencies are rare in the United States.

Vitamins provide energy.

Absorption of vitamin B 12 is dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT: a adequate stomach acid. b pepsin. c intrinsic factor. d amylase.

amylase.

B 6 deficiency does NOT cause: a neurological symptoms. b numbness in the extremities. c anemia with large, deeply colored red blood cells. d decreased antibody formation.

anemia with large, deeply colored red blood cells.

Many B vitamins function as ______________, which bind to enzymes to promote their activity.

coenzymes

Pellagra occurs when ______________ is the staple grain in the diet and the diet does not provide a mixture of different foods.

corn

Niacin supplements may ____________ LDL cholesterol and _____________ HDL cholesterol.

decrease increase

The symptom(s) of thiamin deficiency best explained by its role in glucose metabolism are:

depression and weakness.

Choline deficiency may contribute to all of the following EXCEPT: a neurological disorders. b development of diabetes. c atherosclerosis. d liver disease.

development of diabetes.

The process of adding nutrients to foods is called:

fortification

Folate deficiency symptoms are less of a problem recently because:

grain products are now fortified with folate.

Low folate status increases the risk of:

heart disease.

High folate intake may:

mask a vitamin B 12 deficiency, giving rise to permanent nerve damage.

Folate deficiency may cause all the following EXCEPT: a development of cancer. b microcytic anemia. c poor growth. d inflammation of the tongue.

microcytic anemia.

Another name for vitamin B 6 is:

pyridoxine.

The role of folate in DNA synthesis makes it particularly important in:

rapidly dividing cells.

Folic acid supplements are most frequently recommended for:

women who may become pregnant.