Exam 3 practice quiz

Interstitial fluids is _____

A common cite of exchange between blood and body cells

the Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in

PH

You and a friend were in line for a movie when you noticed the woman in front of you sneezing and coughing. Both of you were equally exposed to the woman's virus, but over the next few days, only your friend acquired flu-like symptoms and was ill for almost a week before recovering. Which one of the following is a logical explanation for this?

You had an adaptive immunity to that virus.

Atria contract _____.

during systole

Innate immunity _____.

is activated immediately upon infection

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of an earthworm is based on the operation of _____.

metanephridia

An immunoglobulin (ig) molecule, of whatever class, with regions symbolized as C, or V, H or L has a light chain made up of ____

one C region, and one V region

A woman standing and watching the stars on a cool, calm night will lose most of her body heat by _____.

radiation

What is the function of the osmotic gradient food in the kidney? The osmotic gradient allows for____

the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes

Which principal of heat exchange is the most important explanation of why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers

Fluffing creates a pocket of air near the bird that acts as insulation

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity of vertebrates include _____. I) neutrophils II) macrophages III) dendritic cells IV) natural killer cells

I, II, and III

A rabbit taken from a meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why?

The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level.

A rabbit taken from meadow near sea level and moved to a meadow high on a mountainside would have some trouble breathing. Why?

The partial pressure of oxygen in the air at high elevations is lower than at sea level.

Major type of communication between cells utilize

chemical or electrical signals

If you are hiking through the desert for several days, one would pack which of the following to ensure proper hydration

drink with a combination of water and electrolytes

The hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells, and the organ where this hormone is synthesized, are _____.

erythropoietin and kidney, respectively

A bone marrow transplant may not be appropriate from a given donor (Jane) to a given recipient (Jane's cousin Bob), even though Jane has previously given blood for one of Bob's needed transfusions, because _____.

even though Jane's blood type is a match to Bob's, her major histocompatability (MHC) proteins may not be a match

Compared with a smaller cell, a larger cell of the same shape has _____.

less surface area per unit of volume

Birds secrete uric acid as their nitrogenous waste because uric acid _____.

requires little water for nitrogenous waste disposal, thus reducing body mass

The fluid with the highest osmolarity is _____.

seawater in a tidal pool

Cardiac muscle cells are both

striated and interconnected by intercalated disks

Flying insects typically _____.

utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

a bird living year round in a desert

Organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells are likely to have

a closed circulatory system

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease

a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self

If you are hiking through the desert for several days, one would pack which of the following to ensure proper hydration?

a drink with a combination of water and electrolytes

Clonal selection is an explanation for how

an antigen can provide production of high levels of specific antibodies

Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater. The fish then migrate to the ocean (a hypertonic solution) and, after several years of feeding and growing, return to freshwater and breed. How can these organisms make the transition from freshwater to ocean water and back to freshwater?

different gill cells are involved in osmoregulation in freshwater than in salt water the

Which process in the nephron is least selective

filtration

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from _____.

injection of antibodies to the toxin

The necropsy (postmortem analysis) of a freshwater fish that died after being placed accidentally in saltwater would likely show that _____.

loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of

short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Examine the figure above. Near a goose's abdomen, the countercurrent arrangement of the arterial and venous blood vessels causes the _____.

temperature difference between the contents of the two sets of vessels to be minimized

What is the function of the osmotic gradient found in the kidney? The osmotic gradient allows for _____.

the precise control of the retention of water and electrolytes