Exam 3 pt 2

Nitroglycerin relieves cardiac-related chest pain by:

dilating the coronary arteries and improving cardiac blood flow.

Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

family history of hypertension

Which of the following cardiac dysrhythmias has the greatest chance of deteriorating into a pulseless rhythm?

ventricular tachycardia

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive in approximately 5 minutes. You should:

Begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver a shock if it is indicated

Febrile seizures:

are usually benign but should be evaluated.

The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:

brain stem

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?

The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.

The spinal cord exits the cranium through the:

foramen magnum

In contrast to the parietal peritoneum, the visceral peritoneum:

is supplied by nerves of the autonomic nervous system, which are less able to localize pain or sensation.

Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in:

leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity.

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

Sudden death following AMI is MOST often caused by

ventricular fibrillation

Functions of the liver include

secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances.

Chronic renal failure is a condition that:

is often caused by hypertension or diabetes.

While obtaining a 12-lead ECG prior to ALS arrival, you note the presence of artifacts on the tracing. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this?

Excessive movement of the patient

A 60-year-old female presents with a tearing sensation in her lower back. Her skin is sweaty and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

aortic aneurysm

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

congestive heart failure

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

decreased pumping force of the heart muscle

You arrive at a local grocery store approximately 5 minutes after a 21-year-old female stopped seizing. She is confused and disoriented; she keeps asking you what happened and tells you that she is thirsty. Her brother, who witnessed the seizure, tells you that she takes valproate (Depakote) for her seizures, but has not taken it in a few days. He also tells you that she has diabetes. In addition to administering oxygen, you should:

monitor her airway and breathing status and assess her blood glucose level

A 67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

Which of the following is a metabolic cause of a seizure?

poisoning

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following 2 minutes of CPR, you re- analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a "no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to:

reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:

reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:

remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.

The kidneys help to regulate blood pressure by:

removing sodium, and thus water, from the body.

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partner is performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AICD). The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Which of the following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

During your treatment of a woman in cardiac arrest, you apply the AED, analyze her cardiac rhythm, and receive a "no shock advised" message. This indicates that:

She is not v fib

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) occurs when:

a small clot in a cerebral artery causes temporary symptoms.

Upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

begin ventilatory assistance.

Which of the following is characteristic of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)?

burning or pain in the stomach that subsides immediately after eating

It would be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing:

chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest

A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by:

dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon.

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the V1 and V2 electrodes should be placed:

either side of the sternum

The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is:

failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged

You are dispatched to a convenience store for a patient who passed out. Upon arriving at the scene, you find two off-duty EMTs performing CPR on the patient, a 58-year-old male. Your initial action should be to:

feel for a pulse while compressions are ongoing.

Common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypertension

You are dispatched to a residence for a 66-year-old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible

The mental status of a patient who has experienced a generalized seizure:

is likely to improve over a period of 5 to 30 minutes

Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the:

liver

Which of the following organs would MOST likely bleed profusely if injured?

liver

A strangulated hernia is one that:

loses its blood supply due to compression by local tissues.

You arrive at the residence of a 33-year-old woman who is experiencing a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. She has a small amount of vomitus draining from the side of her mouth. After protecting her from further injury, you should:

maintain her airway with manual head positioning, suction her airway to remove the vomitus, insert a nasopharyngeal airway, and administer high-flow oxygen

Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must

obtain authorization from medical control

In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm:

often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset

When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a:

recumbent position with the paralyzed side down

You are assessing the arm drift component of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale on a 60-year-old woman. When she holds both of her arms out in front of her and closes her eyes, both of her arms immediately fall to her sides. You should:

repeat the arm drift test, but move the patient's arms into position yourself.

Ventricular tachycardia causes hypotension because:

the left ventricle does not adequately fill with blood

Which of the following organs assists in the filtration of blood, serves as a blood reservoir, and produces antibodies?

spleen

Solid abdominal organs include the:

spleen, kidneys, and pancreas.

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the cardiac cells.

You are caring for a 70-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke. She is conscious, has secretions in her mouth, is breathing at a normal rate with adequate depth, and has an oxygen saturation of 96%. You should:

suction her oropharynx and transport immediately.

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _______ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.

three

The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is:

transporting the patient without delay.

The parietal peritoneum lines the:

walls of the abdominal cavity.