Exam 3 questions for abnormal

Which of the following is true for depressed patients who receive couple therapy? A. They are more likely than those in individual therapy to be more satisfied with their marriage after treatment. B. Couple therapy is not effective for unipolar depression since the illness only impacts the patient. C. Couple therapy and individual therapy address the same issues, only couple therapy has two people in the room instead of one. D. Couple therapy takes far longer than individual therapy, and so most patients who receive it stay in therapy for many years.

A. They are more likely than those in individual therapy to be more satisfied with their marriage after treatment.

What does the most recent research tell us about genetic factors involved in the development of bipolar disorder? A. a number of genetic abnormalities probably combine to help bring about bipolar disorder. B. it is linked to the Y chromosome, which is why it is so much more prevalent in men. C. it is a sex-linked disorder that can only be passed from father to son or from mother to daughter. D. it is found exclusively on the X chromosome.

A. a number of genetic abnormalities probably combine to help bring about bipolar disorder.

13. ___________ is the perception that one has no control over the reinforcements in their lives. A. Learned helplessness B. Attributions C. Learned hopelessness D. Self-blame

A. learned Hleplessness

12. Women are _____ as likely as men to experience episodes of severe unipolar depression. A. two times B. four times C. one and one-half times D. three times

A. two times

19. Which of the following stressors are not thought to play a role in the development of depression in women according to the life stress theory? A. Women have to give birth to children. B. Women face more poverty then men. C. Women tend to have more menial jobs than men. D. Women face more discrimination then men.

A. women have to give birth to children

According to the study at Penn State, which of the following statements is true? A. A heavily crying woman was always perceived positively. B. A moist eye in a man was perceived as better than open crying. C. Women and men benefit equally from crying in public. D. A crying man is always perceived negatively.

B. A moist eye in a man was perceived as better than open crying.

11. Which of the following groups of Americans has the highest rates of chronicity when it comes to major depressive disorder? A. Native Americans B. Hispanic Americans C. white Americans D. Asian Americans

B. Hispanic Americans

One explanation for lithium's effectiveness is that it acts directly on the brain's: A. serotonin system. B. second messenger system. C. caudate nucleus. D. hippocampus.

B. Secondary messenger

A pattern of depression found among young children caused by separation from their mothers is known as: A. clinical depression. B. anaclitic depression. C. situational depression. D. recurrent depression.

B. anaclitic depression

1. ___________ is credited with developing the learned helplessness theory of depression. A. Aaron Beck B. Albert Ellis C. Martin Seligman D. Rene Spitz

C. Martin Seligman

18. What is the most commonly seen relationship between the frequency of depressive and manic episodes in a person with bipolar disorder? A. Every depressive episode occurs immediately after a manic episode. B. The manic episodes occur twice as often as the depressive episodes. C. The depressive episodes occur three times as often as the manic episodes. D. The manic episodes only occur when medication is taken to relieve a depressive episode.

C. The depressive episodes occur three times as often as the manic episodes.

2. A less disabling form of unipolar depression is known as: A. manic disorder. B. bipolar disorder. C. dysthymic disorder. D. mild depression.

C. dythymic disorder

About what portion of Americans believe that terminally ill persons should be free to take their lives or to seek a physician's assistance to do so? A. 1/2 B. 1/10 C.1/4 d.2/3

D. 2/3

Which is a correct statement about treatment for bipolar disorder? A. Psychotherapy alone is often helpful. B. Psychotherapy alone is rarely helpful. C. Lithium therapy alone is not always sufficient. D. Both (b) and (c) are correct statements.

D. BOTH B AND C

What impact does the use of lithium have on depressive episodes? A. Lithium has no effect on depressive episodes. B. Because lithium completely stops manic episodes, it also stops all depressive episodes. C. Lithium is an effective treatment for unipolar depression. D. Lithium helps people with bipolar depression overcome their depressive episodes, though to a lesser degree than it helps with their manic episodes.

D. Lithium helps people with bipolar depression overcome their depressive episodes, though to a lesser degree than it helps with their manic episodes.

Which of the following did the FDA not require direct-to-consumer advertisements to contain in the 1997 changes to television advertisements of antidepressant medications? A. a drug's important risks B. where consumers could get further information about the drug C. a toll-free telephone number or a Web site D. the price-per-dose of the drug

D. PRICE-PER-DOSE

Most second-generation antidepressants are: A. tricyclics. B. MAO inhibitors. C. benzodiazepines. D. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

D. SSRI'S

Patients who suffer from double depression have which of the following patterns of symptoms? A. They have both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression at the same time. B. They suffer from more than one episode of unipolar depression within a 12-month period. C. They suffer from both bipolar I and bipolar II disorder at the same time. D. They suffer from dysthymic disorder, and this leads to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

D. They suffer from dysthymic disorder, and this leads to a diagnosis of major depressive disorder

______ is the most effective treatment for bipolar disorder. A. Prozac B. Imipramine C. Haldol D. Lithium

D. lithium

In a study of identical and fraternal twins, researchers found that if one identical twin committed suicide, the other did the same in ______ percent of the twin pairs. A. 21 B. 34 C. 43 D. 81

a. 21

If a person experiences ____ or more episodes of shifting between mania and depression within a one-year period, their disorder would be classified as rapid cycling. A. 4 B. 6 C. 8 D. 12

a. 4

. Identical twins of persons with a bipolar disorder have a _____ percent chance of developing bipolar disorder. A. 40 B. 50 C. 15 D. 25

a. 40

In twin studies it was found that if one member of a pair of identical twins abused alcohol, the other abused it in ____% of cases. In a similar study of fraternal twins, if one twin abused alcohol the other abused it in ____% of cases. A. 54; 28 B. 27: 9 C. 95: 65 D. 70: 16

a. 54; 28

Which theorist is credited with formulating the concept of the cognitive triad? A. Aaron Beck B. Martin Seligman C. Peter Lewinsohn D. Sigmund Freud

a. aaron beck

Aversion therapy has been mainly used in the treatment of ______ abuse and dependence. A. alcohol B. heroin C. cocaine D. nicotine

a. alcohol

Which group of Americans has the highest overall rate of suicide? A. American Indians B. Asian Americans C. African Americans D. white Americans

a. american indians

Compared to other psychological disorders, unipolar depression is considered: A. among the most successfully treated of all psychological disorders. B. extremely difficult to treat, often with very poor outcomes. C. challenging to treat, particularly in western cultures. D. unnecessary to treat, because it usually goes away on its own.

a. among the most successfully treated of all psychological disorders

Which category of drug is often given to patients in detoxification to reduce severe alcohol withdrawal reactions such as delirium tremens and seizures? A. antianxiety drugs B. sedatives C. antidepressant drugs D. antipsychotic drugs

a. antianxiety

Which type of therapy would be associated with preparing a weekly activity schedule that is set up around pleasurable activities? A. behavioral B. cognitive C. psychodynamic D. sociocultural

a. behavioral

As many as 30 percent of depressed patients who use these two treatment modalities, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy, are likely to relapse after cessation of symptoms. A. cognitive and interpersonal B. biological and cognitive C. cognitive and behavioral D. biological and behavioral

a. cognitive and interpersonal

Some __________ theorists believe that people can control their drinking by drinking in moderation rather than engaging in strict abstinence. A. cognitive-behavioral B. psychodynamic C. biological D. sociocultural

a. cognitive-behavioral

14. _______________ examine the relatives of people with unipolar depression to see whether the disorder affects other family members. A. Family pedigree B. Twin C. Genetic linkage D. Molecular

a. family pedigree

Which is not a goal of behavioral therapy for depression? A. help clients gain insight into the source of their depression B. reintroduce clients to pleasurable events or activities C. reinforce client's nondepressive behaviors D. help clients improve social skills

a. help clients gain insight into the source of their depression

Which result has not been linked to binge drinking? A. homicide B. sexual assault C. compromised heart functioning D. impaired brain functioning

a. homocide

Which of the following countries has the highest suicide rate, at about 31.5 out of every 100,000 members of their population? A. Lithuania B. Ethiopia C. Kazakhstan D. Belarus

a. lithuania

Which substance is considered as addictive as heroin? A. nicotine B. marijuana C. cocaine D. alcohol

a. nicotine

According to Edwin Shneidman, __________, or a feeling of intolerable psychological pain, is an underlying key to suicide. A. psychache B. parasthesia C. anomie D. thanatos

a. psychache

Which form of depression treatment is LESS effective than the others in treating unipolar depression? A. psychodynamic B. cognitive C. behavioral D. biological

a. psychodynamic

One strategy for studying suicide, which is a kind of psychological autopsy in which clinicians and researchers piece together data from a suicide victim's past, is known as: A. retrospective analysis. B. pseudoexperimental research. C. archival analysis. D. retrograde life detail inspection (RLDI).

a. retrospective analysis

In 2001, physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia were approved by law in: A. The Netherlands. B. Russia. C. Denmark. D. The United States.

a. the netherlands

26. The most common pattern of mood disorder is: A. unipolar depression. B. bipolar disorder. C. seasonal affective disorder. D. anaclitic depression.

a. unipolar depression

The typical caller to an urban suicide prevention center is a(n): A. young African American female. B. elderly white man. C. Native American adolescent. D. young white female.

a. young african american female

According to Freud, what are the forces that lead a person to attempt or commit suicide? A. A real or symbolic loss leads to a defense mechanism called introjection, and this in turn leads to suicide as an extreme expression of internalized anger and self-hatred. B. An inability to adequately overcome the Oedipus or Electra complex leads to a longing for an end to life that results in suicidal behaviors. C. Fixation at the oral stage leads to behaviors that are overly expressive, and thus suicide is the ultimate in "expressive" behaviors. D. Death is seen as a way of getting in touch with one's own unconscious, and thus it is viewed by the victim as a desirable behavior.

a.A real or symbolic loss leads to a defense mechanism called introjection, and this in turn leads to suicide as an extreme expression of internalized anger and self-hatred

Suicide committed by people over whom society has little or no control is known as _______ suicide. A. egoistic B. altruistic C. anomic D. introjective

a.egoistic

Which drug is not known to directly stimulate the brain's reward center? A. heroin B. cocaine C. amphetamines D. caffeine

a.heroin

Around ___% of all adults may experience an episode of severe unipolar depression at some point in their lives. A. 6 B. 19 C. 28 D. 42

b. 19

Durkheim predicted that societies with greater opportunities for change in individual wealth or status would have higher suicide rates as a result of increased: A. egoism. B. anomie. C. altruism. D. substance abuse.

b. anomie

Depressed people sometimes experience a steady train of unpleasant thoughts that suggest to them that they are inadequate and that their situation is helpless. These are known as: A. arbitrary inferences. B. automatic thoughts. C. selective abstractions. D. cognitive triads.

b. automatic thoughts

Asking people with alcoholism to imagine extremely repulsive scenes while they are drinking is a form of: A. psychodynamic therapy. B. behavioral therapy. C. cognitive therapy. D. sociocultural therapy.

b. behavioral therapy

The form of bipolar disorder characterized by episodes of hypomania alternating with major depressive episodes is: A. dysthymic disorder. B. bipolar II disorder. C. cyclothymic disorder. D. bipolar I disorder.

b. bipolar disorder 2

Behavioral self-control training (BSCT) is a form of ___________ therapy. A. behavioral B. cognitive-behavioral C. cognitive D. aversive

b. cognitive behavioral

Which drug treatment approach makes incentives (such as program privileges) dependent on the submission of drug-free urine specimens? A. relapse prevention B. contingency management C. covert sensitization D. behavioral self-control training (BSCT)

b. contingency management

Suicide prevention programs and hotlines focus on: A. education. B. crisis intervention. C. referring suicidal person for medication. D. referring suicidal persons for civil commitment.

b. crisis intervention

An individual who clearly intends to end their life at the time they attempt suicide (and fails to do so), only to experience confusion in the very next hour or day might be classified as a: A. death inviter. B. death seeker. C. death egoist. D. death initiator.

b. death seeker

If a client said to you, "My roommate told me that she has other friends on campus, so I think that she must completely hate me," what sort of cognitive error would this be considered? A. catastrophizing B. dichotomous thinking C. selective abstraction D. learned helplessness

b. dichotomous thinking

Many people who attempt suicide fall victim to _______________, viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms. A. "musting" B. dichotomous thinking C. catastrophizing D. selective abstraction

b. dichotomous thinking

Which method of killing oneself is used in nearly two-thirds of male suicides? A. hanging B. guns C. self-immolation D. drug overdose

b. guns

15. One of the most effective treatments for seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is: A. sleep. B. light therapy. C. serotonin. D. behavioral therapy

b. light therapy

MAO inhibitors block the destruction of which neurotransmitter? A. serotonin B. norepinephrine C. acetylcholine D. GABA

b. norepinephrine

Which mental disorder(s) are not mentioned as being linked strongly to suicide? A. chronic alcoholism B. personality disorders C. severe depression D. schizophrenia

b. personality disorders

_________ involves using a drug to the point that it affects one's family, social relationships, and/or work. A. Substance dependence B. Substance abuse C. Substance addiction D. Substance tolerance

b. substance abuse

Which of the following terms is also known as "addiction"? A. substance intoxication B. substance dependence C. substance abuse D. substance overdose

b. substance dependence

One study found that the risk of experiencing another manic episode in the future is about ______ times greater if a patient stops taking lithium. A. 5 B. 28 C. 50 D. 86

b.28

A survey conducted by the American College Health Association in 2003 found that approximately ___ percent of students reported feeling a level of depression that made it difficult to function. A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80

b.40

24. Which of the following statements is true of postpartum depression? A. 95% of women experience "baby blues," but this is not considered to be as serious as postpartum depression. B. A woman with a family history of mood disorders is at greater risk for developing postpartum depression. C. Antidepressant medication has been found to be one effective treatment for postpartum depression. D. All of the answers are true

b.A woman with a family history of mood disorders is at greater risk for developing postpartum depression.

Which is not mentioned as a long-term stressor that commonly precipitates suicide? A. serious illness B. alcoholism C. abusive environment D. occupational stress

b.alcoholism

The category of major depressive disorder in which the person experiences excessive activity or immobility is: A. recurrent. B. catatonic. C. melancholic. D. dysthymic.

b.catatonic

Which drug increases the activity of the central nervous system? A. alcohol B. cocaine C. barbiturates D. marijuana

b.cocaine

When a person experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and mild depressive symptoms, DSM-5 assigns a diagnosis of: A. bipolar III disorder. B. cyclothymic disorder. C. unipolar II disorder. D. dysmanic disorder.

b.cylcothymic

Genetic linkage studies have found an abnormal form of a gene for which type of neurotransmitter receptor? A. D1 B. D2 C. GABA D. serotonin

b.d2

Which celebrity has undergone ECT for treatment of depression? A. Mike Wallace B. Dick Cavett C. William Styron D. Tom Hanks

b.dick cavett

Cocaine affects which neurotransmitter system? A. serotonin B. dopamine C. GABA D. endorphins

b.dopamine

Which form of depression treatment acts most quickly? A. medication B. ECT C. lithium D. placebo

b.ect

Which drug was used as a cough medicine before its addictive properties were known? A. whiskey B. heroin C. opium D. caffeinated tea

b.heroin

Of some use to those who suffer from sleeping problems, which of the following hormones that is naturally secreted by the pineal gland can also be taken as a supplement? A. SAM-e B. Melatonin C. St. John's Wort D. Black cohosh

b.melatonin

Which state has enacted a law allowing doctors to assist in suicide by administering a lethal dose of drugs? A. California B. Oregon C. Vermont D. Michigan

b.oregon

What is the most immediate danger of heroin use? A. delirium tremens B. overdose C. being arrested D. methodone toxicity

b.overdose

ECT was first used in the treatment of: A. agoraphobia. B. psychosis. C. paranoia. D. bipolar disorder.

b.psychosis

Imipramine was the first of the _________family of antidepressants to be discovered. A. MAO inhibitor B. tricyclic C. SSRI D. neuroleptic

b.tricyclic

When alcohol concentration reaches _______ percent of the blood by volume, the individual has reached a state of intoxication. A. .05 percent B. .08 percent C. .09 percent D. .10 percent

c. .09 percent

What percent of depression patients improve after ECT. treatment? A. 50-60 percent B. 40 percent C. 60-80 percent D. 90 percent

c. 60-80 percent

Studies indicate that as many as ________ percent of the people who attempt suicide drink alcohol just before the act. Autopsies reveal that about _______ of these people are legally intoxicated. A. 95; three-quarters B. 15; one-fifth C. 70; one-fourth D. 3; two-thirds

c. 70; 1/4

A pilot who sacrifices his life in a fighter-plane skirmish would be categorized as an example of _________ suicide. A. subintentional B. egoistic C. altruistic D. anomic

c. altruistic

Which of the following is used to put patients to sleep and reduce their terror during ECT? A. muscle relaxants B. hypnosis C. anesthetics (barbiturates) D. antidepressants

c. anesthetics (barbituates)

Which of the following is often mixed with heroin? A. orange juice B. vinegar C. battery acid D. deodorant spray

c. battery acid

25. Unlike unipolar depression, bipolar disorders appear to be best explained by focusing largely on: A. sociocultural factors. B. cognitive factors. C. biological factors. D. psychodynamic factors.

c. bilogical factors

________ is the world's most widely used stimulant. A. Nicotine B. Dextroamphetamine C. Caffeine D. Cocaine

c. caffeine

Sometimes two or more drugs are so similar in their actions on the brain and the body that as people build a tolerance for one drug, they are simultaneously developing a tolerance for the other. This is known as: A. synergism. B. polysubstance disorder. C. cross-tolerance. D. comorbidity.

c. cross-tolerance

According to Edwin Shneidman, members of the Heaven's Gate cult who committed suicide were: A. death seekers. B. death initiators. C. death ignorers. D. death darers.

c. death ignorers

Research indicates that suicides by people with schizophrenia more often are experiencing feelings of __________, rather than delusions or hallucinations. A. abandonment B. anxiety C. demoralization D. anger

c. demoralization

Viewing problems and solutions in rigid either/or terms is known as: A. hopelessness. B. pessimism. C. dichotomous thinking. D. learned helplessness.

c. dichotomous thinking

__________ is often given to people who are trying to stop consuming alcohol. A. Methadone B. Naloxone C. Disulfiram D. The alcohol patch

c. disulfiram

One of the early pioneers in the field of suicide study was: A. Sigmund Freud. B. Erik Erikson. C. Edwin Shneidman. D. Carl Jung.

c. edwin shneidman

Regular use of opioids may reduce the brain's production of: A. dopamine. B. anandamides. C. endorphins. D. GABA.

c. endorphins

Which does not describe a person experiencing mania? A. getting little sleep B. seeking constant excitement C. feeling pessimistic D. euphoric joy

c. feeling pessimistic

According to the DSM-5, a major depressive episode is a period marked by at least _____ symptoms of depression and lasting for ____ weeks or more. A. six; two B. five; three C. five; two D. six; six

c. five; two

Which is not a problem that interpersonal psychotherapy attempts to address? A. interpersonal role transition B. interpersonal loss C. interpersonal communication problems D. interpersonal role dispute

c. interpersona; communication problems

There is evidence that __________ is especially helpful in depression brought on by social conflicts or changes in careers or social roles. A. cognitive therapy B. ECT C. interpersonal psychotherapy D. behavioral therapy

c. interpersonal psychotherapy

Which is an accurate statement about the effects of marijuana? A. It increases fertility in some men. B. It causes infertility in most men. C. It causes lower sperm count in some men. D. It is not known to have any effect on male fertility.

c. lower sperm count in some men

Which of the following symptom pairs denotes a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder? A. dysthymic symptoms and mania B. hypomania and depression C. mania and depression D. dysthymic symptoms and hypomania

c. mania and depression

Compared to the rate of suicide in the United States, countries like Korea, Hungary, and Russia have: A. much lower rates. B. about the same rates. C. much higher rates. D. no data about suicide rates, since their medical systems do not track such trends.

c. much higher

Drugs that attach to endorphin receptor sites and make it impossible for opioids to have their usual effect are known as: A. detoxifiers. B. agonist drugs. C. narcotic antagonists. D. benzodiazepines.

c. narcotic antagonists

Which of these celebrities attempted suicide? A. Vince Vaughn B. John Beckwith C. Owen Wilson D. Jay Leno

c. owen wilson

One theory about the mechanism of lithium in reducing the symptoms of bipolar disorder suggests that it changes ____________ ion activity in neurons. A. potassium B. sodium C. potassium and sodium D. neither potassium nor sodium

c. potassium and sodium

How effective is psychotherapy alone as a treatment for bipolar disorder? A. mildly effective B. not at all effective C. rarely effective D. almost always effective

c. rarely effective

Low ________ activity accompanied by high _________ activity may lead to mania. A. norepinephrine; serotonin B. serotonin; lithium C. serotonin; norepinephrine D. dopamine; serotonin

c. seratonin, norepinephrine

Some theorists believe that improper transport of ________ may cause neurons to fire too easily, resulting in mania. A. norepinephrine B. cortisol C. sodium ions D. calcium ions

c. sodium ions

Freud proposed the concept of _______, in which other kinds of events are equated with loss of a loved one. A. projection B. object relations C. symbolic loss D. delusion

c. symbolic loss

Which of the following would not be one of the expectations of a psychodynamic therapist working with a depressed client? A. That the client will learn to shed all of their unconscious defense mechanisms. B. That the client will gain awareness of loss in his or her life. C. That the client will become less dependent on others. D. That the client will learn to cope with loss more effectively.

c. the client will become less dependent on others

Maladaptive thoughts about all but which of the following make up the cognitive triad? A. self B. experiences C. the future D. the past

c. the past

Congress passed the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in: A. 1997. B. 1985. C. 1938. D. 1962.

c.1938

Paul is set to receive transcranial magnetic stimulation to help alleviate the symptoms of his depression. How many sessions of this treatment should Paul expect to undergo? A. 5 B. 15 C. 25 D. 50

c.25

22. The ________ theory holds that men and women are equally prone to depression but that clinicians fail to detect depression in men. A. societal pressure B. self-blame C. artifact D. lack-of-control

c.artifact

The primary prevention of suicide lies in: A. making guns less accessible. B. making suicide illegal. C. education. D. crisis intervention.

c.education

Chronic and excessive use of alcohol or benzodiazepines may lower the brain's production of: A. endorphins. B. dopamine. C. GABA. D. anandamides.

c.gaba

21. Aaron Beck believes that ____________ contribute(s) to the development of depression. A. symbolic loss B. internal conflicts C. maladaptive attitudes D. reduction in positive rewards

c.maladaptive attitudes

Which drug has gained a reputation as being the drug of choice for all-night techno-dance parties? A. cocaine B. heroin C. MDMA D. marijuana

c.mdma

__________ is a common flower that can be quite helpful in cases of mild depression. A. The poppy B. The geranium C. Saint-John's-wort D. Rose of Sharon

c.saint-johns-wort

Research suggests that behavioral therapy is of less help to people who suffer which kind of depression? A. mild B. moderate C. severe D. exogenous

c.severe

Which of the following is a well-known side effect of ECT? A. hair loss B. paralysis of the legs for two to four weeks C. temporary memory loss D. residual tremors and tics of facial muscles

c.temporary memory loss

The Food and Drug Administration made direct-to-consumer drug advertisements legal by lifting its ban on such drug ads in: A. 1997. B. 1985. C. 1962. D. 1981.

d. 1981

Approximately what percentage of campus arrests are alcohol related? A. 27% B. 48% C. 67% D. 83%

d. 83

36. Despite common misperception that depression is an incurable illness, research suggests that ____% of people recover within a year, some without treatment. A. 30 B. 45 C. 70 D. 85

d. 85%

Which of the following would be considered a useful goal of adjunctive psychotherapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder? A. emphasizing the importance of continuing to take medications B. improving social skills and relationships that are affected by bipolar episodes C. to prevent patients from attempting suicide D. All of the answers are correct.

d. all the answers are correct

The segment of the U. S. population with the lowest prevalence of alcoholism is: A. white males. B. white females. C. African American males. D. Asian males and females.

d. asian males and females

People who suffer from symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and menopause may benefit from which nutraceutical? A. Gingko biloba B. melatonin C. SAM-e D. black cohosh

d. black cohosh

What theory explains how the sight of a hypodermic needle can induce a "high" in one dependent on heroin? A. operant conditioning B. cognitive dissonance C. opponent-process D. classical conditioning

d. calssical conditioning

People who experience mixed feelings about their desire to kill themselves are known as: A. death seekers. B. death initiators. C. death ignorers. D. death darers.

d. death darers

Among the biological treatments for depression, antidepressant drugs and __________ appear to be equally effective. A. cognitive therapy B. behavioral therapy C. psychoanalytic therapy D. electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

d. ect

Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a _________ approach to treating unipolar depression. A. cognitive B. psychodynamic C. biological D. family-social

d. family-social

Which method of ingesting a substance produces the fastest effect on the brain? A. chewing B. injecting C. snorting D. inhaling

d. inhaling

Which is not a theory that has been offered to explain the relative high rates of depression in women as compared to men? A. artifact theory B. rumination theory C. body dissatisfaction explanation D. learned helplessness theory

d. learned helplessness theory

_________ levels seem to have a role in suicide separate from depression. A. High dopamine B. High serotonin C. Low norepinephrine D. Low serotonin

d. low seratonin

Which is a correct statement about suicide? A. Suicide is classified as a mental disorder by the DSM-5. B. Many apparent suicides are probably accidents. C. Estimates of suicides are probably high. D. Many apparent accidents are probably suicides.

d. many apparent accidents are probably suicides

The hormone that may indirectly play a role in depression is: A. serotonin. B. testosterone. C. thyroxin. D. melatonin.

d. melatonin

35. Research has found a link between ____________ and creative thinking and greater productivity. This was demonstrated by your author in the discussion of composer Robert Schumann. A. bipolar disorder B. unipolar depression C. dysthymia D. mild psychological disturbances—hypomania

d. mild-psyhcological disturbances- hypomania

Which of the following musicians/musical groups were not mentioned in your chapter as having produced music that some felt encouraged and/or glorified suicide? A. Judas Priest B. Black Sabbath C. My Chemical Romance D. Nirvana

d. nirvana

The cognitive triad, proposed by Aaron Beck, includes negative views of all but which of the following? A. one's future B. one's self C. one's world D. one's past

d. ones past

Methadone is a(n): A. depressant. B. stimulant. C. sedative. D. opioid.

d. opioid

Which theory explains drug-seeking behavior as an effort to avoid the negative aftereffects of not using the drug? A. classical conditioning B. learned helplessness C. synergistic theory D. opponent-process theory

d. opponent-process theory

An unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself is known as: A. monosuicide. B. autosuicide. C. pseudosuicide. D. parasuicide.

d. parasuicides

Which age group is most likely to leave a suicide note indicating such problems as illness, hopelessness, disability, and loneliness as the reason for suicide? A. people under the age of 40 B. people between the ages of 40 and 49 C. people between the age of 50 and 59 D. people over the age of 60

d. people over the age of 60

Response programs that are put into action to prevent a rash of suicides after one person, particularly a high-profile individual, commits suicide are referred to as: A. response interruption. B. contagion maintenance. C. interception. D. postvention.

d. postvention

Which of the following is not a way of categorizing unipolar depression? A. postpartum B. melancholic C. recurrent D. rapid cycling

d. rapid cycling

23. Structural abnormalities have been noted in all but which of the following brain parts of people suffering from bipolar disorder? A. the dorsal raphe nucleus B. the striatum C. the basal ganglia D. the reticular inhibition system

d. reitcular inhibition system

20. According to Peter Lewinsohn, which type of rewards are particularly important in the downward spiral of depression? A. self-provided rewards B. family rewards C. monetary rewards D. social rewards

d. social rewards

The treatment model advocated by Alcoholics Anonymous is an example of a ___________ approach. A. behavioral B. cognitive C. psychodynamic D. sociocultural

d. sociocultural

A seriously ill person whose consistent mismanagement of medication led to his or her death would probably be considered a victim of: A. chronic suicide. B. parasuicide. C. suicide. D. subintentional death.

d. sub intentional death

When different drugs are in the body at the same time, the combined effect can be greater than each drug taken alone. This is called a________. A. antagonistic action. B. polysubstance rush. C. pharmacological potentiation. D. synergistic effect.

d. synergistic effect

Among the top ten causes of death in the United States, suicide ranks: A. third. B. fifth. C. seventh. D. tenth.

d. tenth

Which activity will have the greatest effect on making an intoxicated person sober? A. drinking strong hot coffee B. taking a shower C. getting control of his or her thinking D. the passage of time

d. the passage of time

In the United States, which group is most likely to commit suicide? A. white children under the age of 11 B. Asian American teenagers C. African Americans between the ages of 25 and 40 D. white American males over the age of 65

d. white american males over the age

What time after incarceration are inmates at the highest risk for suicide? A. within 4 to 6 hours B. after 15 days C. within the first 3 hours D. within 2 to 14 days

d. within 2 to 14 days

Behavioral interventions for substance use disorder: A. are generally successful. B. are rarely successful. C. have had the most success when they are the sole form of treatment. D. work best in combination with either biological or cognitive approaches.

d. work best in combo with either biological or cognitive approaches

Cirrhosis of the liver accounts for approximately _________ deaths each year. A. 2,000 B. 11,600 C. 22,500 D. 29,000

d.29,000

_______ times as many women attempt suicide as men, yet men succeed at more than ______ times the rate of women. A. Two; three B. Three; three C. Four; three D. Three; four

d.3,4

Which of the following is not a sociocultural explanation for the cause of substance use disorders? A. Living in a low socioeconomic class contributes to substance abuse. B. Regions with higher levels of unemployment have higher rates of alcoholism. C. Substance use and dependence are more likely to appear in families where substance use is valued or at least accepted. D. Children whose needs are not met by parents grow up depending on others for comfort and this may develop into a dependent relationship with a substance.

d.Children whose needs are not met by parents grow up depending on others for comfort and this may develop into a dependent relationship with a substance.

Long-term psychodynamic therapy is _________ helpful in treating unipolar depression. A. never B. usually C. almost always D. occasionally

d.occasionally

Which perspective believes that suicide is the result of anger directed at one's self? A. cognitive B. behavioral C. sociocultural D. psychodynamic

d.psychodynamic

The combined impact of different drugs multiplying or potentiating each other's effects is known as the _______ effect. A. cross-tolerance B. synergistic C. potentiation D. double bind

synergistic