Exam 3 Reproductive

What is formed from the remaining follicle cells that are not ovulated with the secondary oocyte?

Corpus luteum

In a 28-day cycle, estrogen levels peak at __________.

Day 14

Which hormone causes the development of secondary follicles into tertiary follicles?

FSH

Which part of the uterus is lost during menses?

Functional zone

Which of the following terms is not specifically used to describe egg and sperm?

Gonads

What happens to the chromosome number as a result of meiosis?

It is reduced by half.

Which of the following is the muscular layer of the uterus?

Myometrium

What does it take for an ovulated oocyte to become a mature ovum?

Penetration by a sperm

What female reproductive structure receives the ovum from the ovary during ovulation?

Uterine tube

Which of the following is the correct order for the events of the male sexual response? a) Arousal erection emission ejaculation resolution detumescence b) Erection arousal emission ejaculation resolution detumescence c) Arousal erection emission ejaculation detumescence resolution d) Arousal erection emission resolution detumescence ejaculation

a) Arousal erection emission ejaculation resolution detumescence

What would happen if a male were unable to contract the ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles? a) No ejaculation b) No emission c) No erection d) No sexual arousal

a) No ejaculation

The process of erection involves complex neural procedures that include __________. a) increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves b) somatic motor neurons in the upper sacral segments of the spinal cord c) decreased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves d) increased sympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

a) increased parasympathetic outflow over the pelvic nerves

All of the following are associated with menopause except ____________. a) low levels of LH b) hot flashes c) anxiety d) depression

a) low levels of LH

The process of oogenesis produces three nonfunctional polar bodies that eventually disintegrate, plus __________. a) one functional ovum b) a granulosa cell c) a primordial follicle a zona pellucida

a) one functional ovum

Impotence, a common male sexual dysfunction, is __________. a) the inability to achieve or maintain an erection b) the inability to produce sufficient sperm for fertilization c) the inability of the male to ejaculate d) the term used to describe male infertility

a) the inability to achieve or maintain an erection

The dense layer of connective tissue that directly covers the testes is the __________. a) tunica albuginea b) paritetal layer of the tunica vaginalis c) visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis d) raphe of the scrotum

a) tunica albuginea

Enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the ovum, or egg, are in the ________ of the sperm cell.

acrosome

What hormone produced by the nurse cells depresses the formation of FSH and provides a negative feedback mechanism for the control of spermatogenesis? a) Androgen-binding protein (ABP) b) Inhibin c) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) d) Leutinizing hormone (LH)

b) Inhibin

Which of the following is not consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? a) Occurs as testosterone levels drop b) Occurs as estrogen levels drop c) Occurs in men over the age of 50 d) Can constrict the urethra and the rectum

b) Occurs as estrogen levels drop

Which of the following male reproductive structures is responsible for conducting semen into the vagina of the female? a) Ductus deferens b) Penis c) Epididymis d) Ejaculatory duct

b) Penis

Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen a) Bulbourethral gland b) Prostate gland c) Ejaculatory duct d) Seminal vesicle

b) Prostate gland

Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen? a) Seminal vesicle b) Prostate gland c) Bulbourethral gland d) Ejaculatory duct

b) Prostate gland

Which reproductive gland encircles the urethra as it leaves the bladder and produces an acidic fluid that contributes to semen? a) Seminal vesicle b) Prostate gland c) Ejaculatory duct d) Bulbourethral gland

b) Prostate gland

Which of the following does NOT occur during spermiogenesis? a) The majority of the cytoplasm is shed. b) The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm. c) The acrosome and nucleus are packaged into the head of the sperm. d) The mitochondria are packaged into the middle piece of the sperm.

b) The mitochondria and Golgi apparatus are packaged into the head of the sperm.

The secretions of the seminal vesicles are discharged into the _________________. a) prostate b) ejaculatory duct c) urethra d) ductus deferens

b) ejaculatory duct

The reproductive structures in the perineal region are called a) reproductive ducts b) external genitalia c) gonads d) accessory glands

b) external genitalia

The prostate, seminal vesicle, and bulbourethral glands do NOT a) provide the nutrients that sperm need for motility b) provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic c) propel sperm along the male reproductive tract, d) primarily by peristaltic contractions activate sperm

b) provide chemicals to make the female's vagina more acidic

The accessory organs in the male that secrete into the ejaculatory ducts and the urethra are the a) prostate gland, inguinal canals, and raphe b) seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands c) adrenal glands, bulbo-urethral glands, and seminal glands d) epididymis, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens

b) seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbo-urethral glands

The enzymes needed to bore into the corona radiata reside in which portion of the sperm? a) Tail b) Nucleus c) Acrosomal cap d) Spiral mitochondria of the neck

c) Acrosomal cap

Which of the following is not a peripheral effect of testosterone? a) Maintains libido b) Stimulates bone and muscle growth c) Facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis d) Establishes and maintains male secondary sex characteristics

c) Facilitates both spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis

What is the function of the ducts of the reproductive systems? a) Secreting hormones b) Producing gametes c) Receiving and transporting gametes d) Secreting fluids

c) Receiving and transporting gametes

What is the function of the dartos and cremaster muscles? a) Helping in ejaculation b) Helping in emission c) Regulating the temperature of the testes d) Moving sperm out of the testes

c) Regulating the temperature of the testes

Which of the following is not found in seminal fluids? a) Seminalplasmin b) Fructose c) Smegma d) Prostaglandins

c) Smegma

For a sperm to be able to fertilize an egg, it must undergo capacitation, which does not involve what process? a) Mixing of the sperm with fluid from the seminal vesicles b) Sperm dealing with the conditions in the female reproductive tract c) Sperm mixing with secretions from the bulbourethral gland d) None of the listed responses is correct.

c) Sperm mixing with secretions from the bulbourethral gland

When sperm become motile and fully functional, they have undergone __________. a) spermiation b) meiosis I c) capacitation d) maturation

c) capacitation

A woman seeking to become pregnant could do which of the following to determine when she might be ovulating? a) Record her basal body temperature b) Count the number of days that have passed since the onset of her last menses c) Look for a thinning in the cervical mucus d) All of the listed responses are correct.

d) All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following structures are NOT found in the spermatic cord? a) Testicular artery and deferential artery b) Ductus deferens and branches of the genitofermoral nerve c) Pampiniform plexus of a testicular vein d) Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle

d) Dartos muscle and cremaster muscle

For normal human reproduction to occur, which of the following organ systems would not necessarily have to function normally? a) Nervous system b) Cardiovascular system c) Endocrine system d) Digestive system

d) Digestive system

The body of the spermatic cord is a structure that includes which of the following? a) Epididymis, ductus deferens, blood vessels, and nerves b) Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbo-urethral glands c) Vas deferens, prostate gland, blood vessels, and urethra d) Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

d) Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

What is the term for the organs that produce gametes and hormones? a) External genitalia b) Uterus c) Accessory reproductive glands d) Gonads

d) Gonads

The histological composition of the uterine wall consists of the __________.

endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

In females between the ages of 45 and 55, ovulation and menstruation cease in a phase of life called...

menopause

During oogenesis, meiosis produces how many functional gametes?

one

The female gonad is the

ovary

What structure is the female gonad?

ovary

The principal hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy is __________.

progesterone

What is produced by spermiogenesis?

sperm

The male gonad is the

testis

Which of the following statements about the vagina is not true? a) During pregnancy, the vagina produces progesterone. b) At the proximal end of the vagina is the external cervical os. c) The hymen separates the vagina and the vestibule until the initial sexual intercourse. d) The vagina contains rugae.

a) During pregnancy, the vagina produces progesterone.

Which female reproductive structure most resembles the penis in the male? a) Clitoris b) Labia majora c) Ovary d) Cervix

a) Clitoris

What is the role of the endocrine system in reproduction? a) Coordinating reproductive events b) Causing arousal c) Affecting cardiovascular functioning d) Causing erection

a) Coordinating reproductive events

Which muscle is part of the spermatic cord? a) Cremaster muscle b) Ischiocavernosis muscle c) Dartos muscle d) Bulbospongiosus muscle

a) Cremaster muscle

What does not occur in the female reproductive system as a result of parasympathetic stimulation? a) Decreased secretions from the vestibular glands b) Clitoral erection c) Increased sensitivity of the nipples d) Increased sections of the cervical mucous glands

a) Decreased secretions from the vestibular glands

The functions of the sustentacular cells (nurse cells) in the male include all of the following EXCEPT? a) Secretion of inhibin- and androgen-binding protein b) Maintenance of the blood-testis barrier c) Secretion of testosterone d) Support of spermiogenesis

c) Secretion of testosterone

Which hormone acts to reduce the rate at which the anterior pituitary produces FSH? a) ICSH b) Testosterone c) LH d) Inhibin

d) Inhibin

Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens? a) Spermatogonia b) Nurse cells c) Follicle cells d) Interstitial cells

d) Interstitial cells

Which of the following is not true of the epididymis? a) It stores and protects sperm and facilitates their functional maturation. b) It acts as a recycling center for damaged sperm. c) It monitors and adjusts the compostition of the fluids produced by the seminiferous tubules. d) It connects the ductus deferens with the seminal vesicle.

d) It connects the ductus deferens with the seminal vesicle.

The fleshy pouch that suspends the testes outside of the body cavity is the________

scrotum

What is the benefit of increased vestibular gland secretion in the female? a) Easier insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse b) Movement of sperm in the vagina c) Erection of the clitoris d) Movement of the oocyte in the oviduct

a) Easier insertion of the penis into the vagina during intercourse

Powerful, rhythmic contractions in the ischiocavernosus and bulbocavernosus muscles of the pelvic floor produce what result? a) Ejaculation b) Detumescence c) Erection d) Emission

a) Ejaculation

What event during sexual intercourse happens in the male but does not happen in the female? a) Emission and ejaculation b) Erection c) Lubrication d) Orgasm

a) Emission and ejaculation

Which of the following do(es) NOT contribute to semen production? a) Endometrial glands b) Testes c) Seminal vesicles d) Prostate gland

a) Endometrial glands

Which of the following is NOT true of testosterone? a) About one-third of testosterone is bound to albumin. b) About two-thirds of testosterone is bound to gonadal-binding globulin (GBG), which carries testosterone throughout the body. c) Testosterone is a protein. d) Testosterone diffuses across the plasma membrane of target cells and binds to an intracellular receptor, which then directly binds to DNA in the nucleus.

c) Testosterone is a protein.

The external genitalia of the male include the a) prepuce and the glans b) bulbourethral glands c) scrotum and the penis d) epididymis

c) scrotum and the penis

Which of the following is not a correct way in which the reproductive system hormones interact with other body systems? a) Estrogen stimulates the lengthening of long bones of females at puberty. b) Testosterone and estrogen affect the CNS development and sexual behaviors. c) Testosterone accelerates muscle and bone growth. d) Estrogen helps maintain healthy vessels and slow the development of atherosclerosis.

a) Estrogen stimulates the lengthening of long bones of females at puberty.

The dropping levels of estrogen and progesterone seem to be the cause of the onset of menopause and its symptoms. What is the approximate number of primordial follicles in the ovary of a woman of age 50? a) Few to no primordial follicles b) A few hundred thousand c) 2 million d) 7 million

a) Few to no primordial follicles

Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects? a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone. b) Androgens are produced by the interstitial cells of the testes and promotes the maturation of sperm. c) Progesterone is produced by granulosa cells of the corpus luteum and stimulates endometrial growth. d) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is produced by the hypothalamus and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis.

a) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the interstitial cells of the testes to produce testosterone.

What is the combination of a primary oocyte and a single layer of follicle cells called? a) Primordial follicle b) Primary follicle c) Secondary follicle d) tertiary follicle

a) Primordial follicle

The rupture of the follicular wall and ovulation are caused by __________. a) a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration b) increased GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) production and release c) an increase in progesterone production d) a sudden surge in estrogen secretion

a) a sudden surge in LH (luteinizing hormone) concentration

What is the hormone that directly stimulates testosterone production?

LH

What are the three sequential stages of the uterine cycle?

Menses, proliferative phase, and secretory phase

Which of the following hormones is not properly matched with its source and primary effects? a) Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis in females. b) Luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum in females. c) Estrogens are produced by the granulosa and thecal cells and stimulate the repair and proliferation of the endometrium. d) Inhibin is produced by the nurse cells of the testes and inhibits the secretion of FSH.

a) Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates FSH secretion and LH synthesis in females.

Which of the following is true regarding meiosis? a) Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate during meiosis II. b) Sister chromatids separate during meiosis I, and homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis II. c) Equatorial division is followed by reductional division. d) The products of meiosis I are diploid, while the products of meiosis II are haploid.

a) Homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis I, and sister chromatids separate during meiosis II.

Which cells in the testes are responsible for producing testosterone and other androgens? a) Interstitial cells b) Spermatogonia c) Nurse cells d) Follicle cells

a) Interstitial cells

Which correctly describes mitosis and meiosis? a) Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells. b) Mitosis creates haploid cells, whereas meiosis creates diploid cells. c) Spermatogonia undergo meiosis, whereas primary spermatocytes undergo mitosis. d) Mitosis involves separation of homologous chromosomes, whereas meiosis involves the separation of sister chromatids.

a) Mitosis creates genetically identical cells, whereas meiosis creates genetically unique cells.

What is a possible problem in the female body as a result of menopause? a) Osteoporosis b) Decline in FSH and LH c) Enlargement of the breasts d) Thickening of the uterine endothelium

a) Osteoporosis

Engorgement of the erectile tissues of the clitoris and increased secretion of the greater vestibular glands involve neural activity from which of the following? a) Parasympathetic nervous system b) All of the listed responses are correct. c) Somatic motor neurons d) Sympathetic nervous system

a) Parasympathetic nervous system

What division of the nervous system participates in the sexual arousal of both males and females? a) Parasympathetic nervous system b) None of the listed responses is correct. c) Somatic nervous system d) Sympathetic nervous system

a) Parasympathetic nervous system

What hormone does the corpus luteum primarily produce? a) Progesterone b) FSH c) LH d) Oxytocin

a) Progesterone

Which of the following are not correctly paired male-female homologous structures? a) Scrotum; labia minora b) Penis; clitoris c) Bulbourethral glands; greater vestibular glands d) Testes; ovaries

a) Scrotum; labia minora

What is the term for the human male gamete? a) Spermatozoon b) Sustentacular cell c) Semen d) Ovum

a) Spermatozoon

Which of the following statements about the uterine tubes is not true? a) They are passageways for the elimination of menstrual fluids. b) Each consists of an ampulla, isthmus, and infundibulum. c) They perform peristaltic contractions to propel the egg toward the uterus. d) They provide a nutrient-rich environment containing lipids and glycogen.

a) They are passageways for the elimination of menstrual fluids.

All of the following are associated with infertility except ____________. a) a surge of LH b) low sperm count c) amenorrhea d) the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy after one year of unprotected intercourse

a) a surge of LH

If menarche does not appear by age 16, or if the normal uterine cycle of an adult woman is disrupted for six months or more, the condition is called_____________. a) amenorrhea b) menopause c) perimenopause d) andropause

a) amenorrhea

Decline of the testosterone levels in men between the ages of 50 and 60 results in __________. a) andropause b) emission c) impotence d) menopause

a) andropause

The mesentery that encloses the ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterus is the __________. a) broad ligament b) suspensory ligament c) Mesovarium d) uterosacral ligament

a) broad ligament

What is the lowest, or most distal, part of the uterus? a) Cervix b) Fundus c) Body d) Uterine tube

a) cervix

Transport of oocytes toward the utureus occurs in the uterine tubes by a combination of __________. a) ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions b) active transport and ciliary movement c) flagellar locomotion and ciliary movement d) movement in uterine fluid and flagellar locomotion

a) ciliary movement and peristaltic contractions

When one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum by birth, it is called _____________. a) cryptorchidism b) puberty c) male climacteric d) orchiectomy

a) cryptorchidism

The movement of blood out of the erectile tissue results in _______. a) detumescence b) erection c) loss of arousal d) impotence

a) detumescence

The process of pushing fluid and sperm into the prostatic urethra is called __________. a) emission b) subsidence c) detumescence d) ejaculation

a) emission

Whether or not fertilization occurs, the final destination of the ovum is the __________. a) endometrium b) placenta c) serosa d) myometrium

a) endometrium

The hormone that promotes spermatogenesis along the seminiferous tubules is a) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) b) interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) c) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) d) luteinizing hormone (LH)

a) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Starting at the superior end, the uterus in the female is divided into __________. a) fundus, body, and cervix b) isthmus, body, and cervix c) body, cervix, and isthmus d) cervix, body, and isthmus

a) fundus, body, and cervix

The three masses of erectile tissue that compose the body of the penis are __________. a) two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum b) two corpora cavernosa and a preputial gland c) two slender corpora spongiosa and a cylindrical corpus cavernosum d) preputial glands, a corpus cavernosum, and a corpus spongiosum

a) two cylindrical corpora cavernosa and a slender corpus spongiosum

Which statement about oogenesis mentions the one characteristic that is the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis? a) Meiosis in the primary oocyte exhibits unequal division of the cytoplasm. b) Meiosis is not completed in the ovary. c) Meiosis produces one mature egg. d) Meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.

d) Meiosis in oogenesis reduces the chromosome number by half.

Which of the following is NOT found in seminal fluids? a) Prostaglandins b) Seminalplasmin c) Fructose d) Smegma

d) Smegma

Which cells in the seminiferous tubules regularly undergo mitosis? a) Secondary spermatocytes b) Primary spermatocytes c) Spermatids d) Spermatogonia

d) Spermatogonia

Which of the following states the correct order in which are cells produced in spermatogenesis? a) Spermatid a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatogonium a sperm b) Spermatogonium a spermatid a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a sperm c) Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a spermatid a secondary spermatocyte a sperm d) Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm

d) Spermatogonium a primary spermatocyte a secondary spermatocyte a spermatid a sperm

Which of the following statements about the bulbourethral glands is INCORRECT a) They are located at the base of the penis. b) They are also called Cowper's glands. c) They secrete an alkaline mucous to neutralize any urinary acids in the urethra. d) They contribute approximately 25 percent of the semen volume.

d) They contribute approximately 25 percent of the semen volume.

Which of the following is accurate regarding the events of fertilization? a) Two haploid gonads combine to make the diploid zygote. b) Two diploid gonads combine to make the hapoid zygote. c) Two diploid gametes combine to make the haploid zygote. d) Two haploid gametes combine to make the diploid zygote.

d) Two haploid gametes combine to make the diploid zygote.

Seminiferous tubules and newly produced sperm are separated from the general circulation and the immune system by all of the following EXCEPT a) tight junctions b) nurse cells c) blood-tesis barrier d) blood-brain barrier

d) blood-brain barrier

Men over the age of 50 are periodically screened for prostate cancer by measuring the blood for elevated levels of ______________. a) testosterone b) dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) c) dihydotesteroterone (DHT) d) prostate specific antigen (PSA)

d) prostate specific antigen (PSA

The seminal vesicles a) store semen b) deliver sperm into the epididymis c) secrete a thin, watery fluid d) secrete a fructose-rich, mucoid substance

d) secrete a fructose-rich, mucoid substance