exam 3 study

Which of the following forms means tumor?

-oma

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP?

?

To see an object, for example a cat, and know that it is a cat that you have seen before, your brain receives and associates the visual input. Which brain areas are involved?

?

Which is a result of elevated thyroid hormone levels?

???

Which does NOT apply to hormones?

All hormones are derived from cholesterol.

A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause

All of the choices are correct; congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism), a low metabolic rate, a slowing of mental functions, a goiter.

Which are hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin

Which of the following produces the calcium regulating hormone of the parathyroid gland?

Chief cells

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Erythropoietin

Jim has just been diagnosed with testicular cancer. The tumor is composed of Sertoli cells and they have begun to produce excessive amounts of inhibin. Which of the following would be TRUE?

FSH secretion would be selectively inhibited, but LH secretion would be normal.

What term describes hormones secreted by the hypothalamus that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland?

Hypophysiotropic hormones

Which of the following statements about estrogen in females is FALSE?

In the presence ofhigh plasma concentration of progesterone, estrogen stimulates increasedsecretion of GnRH.

Which is an example of long-loop negative feedback?

Inhibition of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) release by insulin-like growth factor-1

Sally is a 10-year-old girl going through a growth spurt. Her blood levels of growth hormone are two-fold higher than at the same time last week. Which other hormones are likely to also be elevated?

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Which of the following is NOT true of pituitary growth hormone?

It is necessary for fetal growth.

Which is an accurate description of the posterior pituitary and its functions?

It is neural tissue, and vesicles containing oxytocin and vasopressin are transported to axon terminals there.

When examining an endocrine cell from a new species of mammal under the microscope you find that it contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules. Which of the following is most likely to be true about these cells?

It secretes a peptide/protein hormone.

Which statement best describes the manner in which growth hormone stimulates cell proliferation?

It stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) from the liver and other target tissues of growth hormone.

You have a patient complaining of fatigue and lethargy. She mentions that she recently went on a low-salt, all carbohydrate diet and consumes mostly rice. You notice a swelling in her neck. You order some blood work. Which of the following do you expect?

Low plasma concentration of thyroid hormones

Postganglionic neuron cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system have which category of neurotransmitter receptor?

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Which of the following statements about oxytocin is TRUE?

Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus.

What is amain difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid hormones?

Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface, whereas steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors.

Which of the following statements regarding the vestibular system is TRUE?

Receptors in the utricle and saccule detect changes in the position of the head with respect to gravity.

Which of the following is an example of neural stimulation?

Secretion of NE in response to sympathetic activation

Which of the following is an example of humoral stimulation?

Secretion of PTH in response to low blood calcium

A patient goes to her doctor, complaining of fatigue, weight gain, and intolerance to cold. She also has a noticeable goiter in her neck. Which of the following is a most likely diagnosis and cause?

She has hypothyroidism, possibly due to low iodine in her diet.

Which of the following is true for both the nervous and endocrine systems?

Target cells must have a receptor for the specific chemical signal for the chemical signal to have an effect

Which of the following statements regarding hearing is TRUE?

The loudness of a sound is conveyed by the frequency of action potentials generated in the cochlear nerve.

Which of the following is TRUE of follicular estrogen synthesis?

Theca cells synthesize an androgen which the granulosa cells convert to estrogen.

Which region of the adrenal gland produces hormones responsible for producing androgens

Zona reticularis

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________.

abnormally high levels of cortisol

The timing of puberty can be influenced by which of the following?

all of the above

Which of the following organs produces TSH?

anterior pituitary

Short-loop negative feedback occurs when hormones from the __________ inhibit hormone secretion by the __________.

anterior pituitary; hypothalamus

On day 14 of a typical 28-day menstrual cycle, LH concentration in the blood will be __________. The endometrium will be __________. Estrogen concentration in the blood is __________.

at or near a peak;near the end of the proliferative phase; relatively high

You're studying long-term stress in foster children. One thing you find is that, among the children experiencing the most significant stress for the longest period of time is decreases in __________.

bone and muscle density

Which of the following meanings matches the suffix -blast?

bud, germ

In the ovarian cycle, the dominant follicle

continues to grow beyond day 7 of the cycle, while the other developing follicles degenerate.

A male who has non-functional Sertoli cells will still develop spermatozoa.

false

Most of the parasympathetic ganglia lie in chains along the spinal cord called sympathetic trunks.

false

Myxedema is a form of hyperthyroidism.

false

Sex hormones are stored within secretory vesicles

false

The posterior pituitary produces and secretes Oxytocin and ADH

false

The thalamus is the single most important control area for regulating the homeostasis of theinternal environment.

false

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected?

glucagon

Which of the following hormones is NOT usually secreted at higher levels in response to stress?

gonadotropins

Which of these physiological changes would not be considered part of the sympathetic fight-or-flight response?

increased stomach mobility

_____________ is produced by the ______________ cells of the ________________ and _______________ blood glucose

insulin; beta; pancreas; decreases

Which of the following ions is required to make thyroid metabolic hormones?

iodine

Which of the following forms means equal?

iso-

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ?

kidney

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?

neural

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________.

paracrine

Which of the following organs primarily regulates production of TSH by releasing a stimulatory hormone?

posterior pituitary ???

Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response?

reduced mental activity

On day 1 of the menstrual cycle, FSH levels will be __________. The follicle that will become dominant is in the __________ stage of maturation. Progesterone levels in blood are __________.

rising; preantral to antral; low

Leydig cells ____.

secrete testosterone

Spermatogenesis takes place in the ________.

seminiferous tubules

Which of the following would NOT be categorized as a "somatic" sensation?

sound

Which of the following forms means rapid?

tachy-

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________.

the activity of osteoclasts

To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to

the amino acidtyrosine.

Which of the following organs produces TH/T4?

thyroid

What hypophysiotropic hormone stimulates TSH release?

thyrotropin release hormone

Myxedema is a form of hypothyroidism.

true

Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions, nutrients, and other hormones.

true

The primary function of thyrotropin is to stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones.

true

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is arranged so that it acts largely as a unit, whereas the components of the parasympathetic division generally act as discrete, independent components.

true

Water soluble hormones must bind to a receptor on the cell surface to have an effect.

true