Exam 3 study guide

According to Piaget's stage theory, most children will have difficulty with abstract thinking until the age of about__

12?

Who developed the first intelligence test?

Alfred Binet

Who developed the theory of Multiple Intelligences?

Gardner

Which of the following statements about attachment is true?

Temperament is thought to be related to attachment, but environment also matters.

Criticism of intelligence tests

a test may be difficult for non-native speakers of a language Many intelligence tests are long and fatigue may be an issue a test may be biased toward a specific culture

An ___ test determines a person's level of knowledge in a given area, whereas an ___ test predicts an individual's ability in a particular line of work

achievement; aptitude

Jenny just arrived at her friend's Halloween party. Even though she ate dinner before the party, she begins to snack on the food and candy everyone bought. Eating based on availability of food is an example of:

an environmental factor

When is a child vulnerable to the effects of teratogens?

any point in pregnancy

According to Piaget, interpreting new information in terms of existing mental structures is called ____, and changing existing mental structures to explain new experiences is called ____

assimilation; accommodation

The fact that we hear about airplane crashes on the news more often than we hear about automobile crashes may lead us to believe that we are more likely to die in a plane than a car. This is an example of the _____.

availability heuristic

What is it called when one ignores the numerical probability of an event and consider instead traits that are representative of a category when estimating the likelihood of an event?

base rate fallacy

The interactionist perspective of human development states

both nature and nurture play a role in human development.

What group was the first to use mass/group intelligence testing?

british military??

The ability of a child to lift its head before walking is an example of the ____ trend of motor development; the ability of a child to move its arms well before grasping small objects with the fingers is an example of the ____ trend of motor development

cephalocaudal; proximodistal

Our tendency to search for information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as

confirmation bias

A child watches you take a ball of Play-Doh and roll it into a worm shape. When you ask the child if the amount of Play-Doh has changed, he says yes because it's a different shape. According to Piaget, the child has not reached the milestone known as:

conservation

The ability to understand and control one's emotions is considered to be a sign of

emotional intelligence

There is widespread agreement on how intelligence should be defined

false

Which of the stages of prenatal development lasts the longest during pregnancy?

fetal

correct order of prenatal development?

germinal, embryonic, fetal

How much alcohol is safe for a woman to drink during pregnancy?

none of

"Out of sight, out of mind" can describe the behavior of a child who lacks the concept of _____.

object permanence

What do developmental psychologists call the mistakes that every child learning a language makes (e.g. "I catched the ball")?

overregulation

A test is considered _____ when it consistently measures what it is trying to measure, and a test is considered _____ when it measures what it is supposed to measure.

reliable;valid

source of test bias?

sex, race, culture

Who developed the concept of G , the general intelligence factor?

spearman

The age of viability refers to:

the age at which a fetus can survive outside the womb

If you were to attempt every possible solution to a problem, you would be using what approach to problem-solving

trial and error

When solving a problem, we often create rules that are not necessarily valid which constrains the way we think about a problem. What is this called?

unnecessary constraints