Exam 4

Joseph is running a study on people's perceptions of physical attractiveness. He presents two faces to participants and asks them to rate which face appears more attractive to them. Face A is created by combining 32 faces, while face B is created by combining 8 faces. Joseph will most likely find that participants view Face ___ more attractive because of the ____ ________ ______.

A; mere exposure effect

Dr. Keshari examined newborn baby Arly for the grasping reflex during his first checkup. What behavior was Dr. Keshari looking for?

Arly automatically curled his fingers when his palm was stroked

Zandra's mother brings her two-year-old daughter to a new dentist. Zandra's mother leaves the room and Zandra is momentarily alone with the dental hygienist, whom Zandra smiles at and plays with. When Zandra's mother returns, Zandra barely glances up and continues to play patty-cake with the dental hygienist. Zandra would most likely be classified as having a(n) ________ attachment.

Avoidant

Which of the following is NOT an interpersonal style that typically leads to relationship problems?

Being constantly angry

When people develop a stable gender identity that is consistent with their biological sex, their gender identity is referred to as...

Cisgender

Alix and James have been in a committed relationship for years. They trust each other and share their secrets. However, there is not a lot of physiological desire in the relationship. This relationship is an example of ____________ love.

Companionate

When love develops slowly and is based on friendship, it is considered to be ____________ love.

Companionate

Amanda lives in the United States, where she grew up thinking and feeling like she is female. When she spent a semester abroad in India, she met several hijra students who thought of themselves as something between male and female. Amanda had a lot of difficulty understanding the experiences of these hijra students, most likely because in the United States, gender identity is usually thought of as ________, whereas in India gender identity is more likely to be thought of as ________.

Consistent with biological sex; a continuum

Within the United States, adult males tend to view casual sex before marriage as being more acceptable than do adult females. This is an example of a...

Cultural difference in sexual behavior

Janice wants to write an erotic novel that has parts that will appeal strongly to men and parts that will appeal strongly to women. Based on this, Janet should include...

Descriptions of both suggestive and explicit sexual acts

Shana is a female who says that she is sexually attracted to other females. Based on this information alone, we can conclude that Shana's sexual orientation is...

Either homosexual or bisexual

A baby developing in his or her mother's womb will begin developing lungs during the _________ period.

Embryonic

While he is in the waiting room at the doctor's office, Arthur tries to classify infants' attachment based on their behavior. He is certain that the baby girl sitting across from him is securely attached because she...

Explores the unfamiliar room and the objects in it while staying in view of her mother

Armand enjoys watching sexually explicit videos and views them often. Although this behavior is generally considered to be normal, research by Kendrick and Gutierres (1980) suggests that Armand should be aware of which of the following potential negative effects from this behavior?

Finding his girlfriend to be less attractive

Sally is playing outside with her brother Micah one day and wants to push him down when he takes her swing. Sally does not push Micah, however, because she predicts that she will be punished with no television privileges after dinner if she does. Sally is most likely in the __________ stage of development.

Formal operation

As children develop mentally and have more experiences that provide information about gender, they begin to develop their ______ ________, which stabilizes over time. However, older children and adults may not present themselves as you might expect, a result of ______ __________.

Gender identity; gender expression

Rachel is about to retire from her successful job as a high school teacher, has several grandchildren now in college, and is excited about picking up some hobbies with her newfound free time. Erikson would argue that Rachel is most likely experiencing...

Generativity

Cheryll's baby is born blind and deaf and has both heart defects and brain damage. Which type of teratogen did Cheryll most likely experience during the pregnancy?

German measles (Rubella)

Christopher and William are adopting an infant. The infant's medical record shows that the infant has XX sex chromosomes and in the photo the infant appears to have a penis. Based on this information, the infant most likely...

Has congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A research team finds that an experimental drug causes problems for prenatal development, but only if it is given within the first 20 days of pregnancy. Researchers are worried that this will most likely affect...

Heart development

Charlie is a 16-year-old boy who has always been a straight A student. Recently Charlie has started to struggle in his math and science classes so his teachers assign him to a special study hall for students who need academic help. Even though Charlie has thought of himself as academically gifted he wonders whether he is actually academically challenged. Given this information, Charlie is most likely experiencing a crisis of...

Identity vs. role confusion

Passionate love is associated with changes in what brain structures?

Increased activity in the dopamine reward systems

Camden is explaining all the different stages of development he has learned in his introductory psychology class. Which of the following is the correct order for all the periods of human development?

Infancy, childhood, adulthood, and adolescence

Which of the following is an argument against the term cisgender, according to the textbook?

It implies that "consistent" or "on the side of" is the same as "normal"

The development of pubic hair in males and females is considered a secondary sex characteristic because...

It is not directly related to sexual reproduction

Imagine that you are a psychologist interviewing students who are participating in a study on sex and gender. Of the four students described below, which one would you categorize as androgynous?

Jiatong, who is biologically male and thinks and feels both male and female

Angela works at a nursing home and notices some distinct differences among her patients. Which of her patients is LEAST likely to have Alzheimer's?

John, who has no genetic predisposition and goes dancing with his friends twice a week

Michael was born with three sex chromosomes. At 20 years old, he has a very small but functional penis, a high voice, a naturally hairless face and chest, and well-developed breasts. Based on this, Michael is most likely experiencing being intersex due to...

Klinefelter syndrome

Tom believes that it is his wife's role to do the laundry and to cook the meals because that is what he saw his own mother doing when he was growing up. Based on this, Tom's expectations about gender roles in the household was shaped by...

Observation

When intense longing and sexual desire characterize love, it is considered to be __________ love.

Passionate

Alyssa and Amara's first year together was intense and arousing. Three years later, their relationship involves deep caring and intimacy. Alyssa and Amara's relationship has moved from __________ love to ____________ love.

Passionate; companionate

Love that is a state of intense longing and desire is __________ love. Love that is a strong commitment to care for and support a partner is ____________ love.

Passionate; companionate

Research shows that when choosing a long-term relationship partner, men are likely to emphasize the importance of __________ and women are likely to emphasize the importance of __________.

Physical appearance; social status

Which of the following domains of development relates to changes in levels of hormones and growth of the body, including the brain?

Physical domain

Jane is four months pregnant. When describing how her baby is developing, Jane is most likely talking about changes that occur during the _______ period.

Prenatal

Lina finds Shad, who is in her book club that meets twice a week, very attractive. Lina might have developed interests in Shad because of _________, which is based on the principle of ___ ____ ________ ______.

Proximity; the mere exposure effect

Your aunt, who has several bad habits, recently found out she is pregnant. What is the best advice you can give her?

Quit drinking and smoking immediately

According to the best available evidence from psychological research, sexual orientation is...

Related to biological factors

Marco thinks about sex and wants to have sexual activity. But in the past several months, after Marco gets an erection he has not been able to achieve ejaculation during sexual activity, which upsets him a great deal. Based on this, Marco most likely does NOT have a ________ disorder, but he may be experiencing a(n) ________ disorder.

Sexual desire; orgasmic

Wyatt has noticed some recent changes in his 10-month-old daughter, Cosette's, behavior. Ever since she started crawling a few weeks ago, she...

Shows signs of distress when Wyatt leaves her with a babysitter

When his sister becomes pregnant, Graham gives her a mini-lesson in prenatal care based on what he learned in his introductory psychology class. He should tell her all of the following EXCEPT that...

Teratogens work on recessive genes to affect prenatal child development

In front of Chris, Tasha pours the same amount of water into both a short, fat glass and a tall, thin glass. She then asks Chris which glass has more water. If Chris is 10 years old, he is most likely to answer...

That they have the same amount of water

Ernst is jealous that several of his friends are going through puberty but he has not started yet. He eagerly keeps checking for signs that his body is changing. Ernst knows he should eventually experience all of the following EXCEPT...

The development of a more rounded jaw

Len and Maria just got married and have a wonderful sexual relationship. According to research on sexuality in heterosexual couples, they should expect...

The frequency of sexual activity will fall steeply after the first year

Dr. Osmond is a developmental psychologist who studies adulthood. Which of the following is he most likely to research?

The mental effects of stagnation

Research on interpersonal attraction has shown that people will be more attracted to each other if...

Their backgrounds, interests, and values are very similar

Mustafa and Elian, a gay male couple, are adopting an infant son. They are concerned about how they might influence the sexual orientation of their son, so they consult a psychologist. The psychologist correctly advises Mustafa and Elian that, according to research...

There is little or no evidence to suggest that parents affect the sexual orientation of their children

Kyle is interning at a psychological clinic for adolescents. His new patient, Isaac, has been diagnosed with gender dysphoria. Based on this information, Kyle can correctly conclude that Isaac is ___________ and __________ about his assigned gender.

Transgender and distressed

Over dinner one night, your little sister tells you how she is being picked on at school by two other students. Rowan has been calling her names during class for the past few weeks. Marty has been sending her offensive text messages and intimidating e-mails. Together, Rowan is engaging in ______ bullying and Marty is engaging in _____ bullying.

Verbal; cyber

McKenzie is new at observing infant behavior in the strange-situation test and is uncertain how to assess baby Stephan's actions. If she guesses that he is securely attached, he most likely...

Was not afraid of strangers when his mother was in the room with him