EXAM 4
Australopithecus
About 4 million years ago, _____ left the African forest to dwell in the grasslands.
C
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 female births, what is the frequency of affected males? A) 0.000025 B) 0.005 C) 0.071 D) 0.995
A
Again assuming that an X-linked recessive disorder occurs in 1 in 200 male births, what is the frequency of affected females? A) 0.000025 B) 0.005 C) 0.071 D) 0.995
A
CVS cannot detect inborn errors of metabolism because A. it does not sample amniotic fluid. B. it is done too early in the pregnancy. C. it is done too late in the pregnancy. D. they are not detectable until after the birth. E. the sample can become contaminated with urine.
C
CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 45, X. What is the diagnosis? A. normal male B. Klinefelter syndrome C. Turner syndrome D. Patau syndrome E. Down syndrome
D
CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 47, XX, +21. What is the diagnosis? A. normal female B. Edward syndrome C. Turner syndrome D. Down syndrome E. Klinefelter syndrome
D
CVS reveals a fetus has the karyotype 47, XYY. What is the diagnosis? A. normal male B. Klinefelter syndrome C. Edward syndrome D. Jacobs syndrome E. Down syndrome
D
Cells that have an extra 21st chromosome are A. tetrasomic. B. triploid. C. haploid. D. trisomic. E. tetraploid.
D
Challenges to DNA profiling in mass disasters include _____. A) climate conditions that hasten decay B) lack of relatives C) poor DNA quality D) All of the above
C
Chorionic villus sampling differs from amniocentesis in that for CVS A. cells must first be cultured. B. biochemical tests can be performed on the sample. C. a karyotype is prepared directly from collected cells. D. cells do not directly descend from the fertilized ovum. E. the pregnant woman must be past her 12th week of pregnancy.
D
Chromosome microarray analysis is used to detect _________ in a fetus. A. gender B. intelligence C. chromosome number D. copy number variants E. the number of protein-encoding genes
D
Chromosomes in karyotypes are arranged and ordered by A. gene density. B. telomere length. C. centromere position. D. length. E. width.
A
Clines are created when A) emigrants remove alleles and immigrants introduce alleles. B) immigrants remove alleles and emigrants introduce alleles. C) different genes mutate in different geographical regions. D) uncles have children with nieces as part of the culture. E) being a heterozygote for a particular gene protects against an infectious disease.
mice: 7% common chromosome bands.
Comparison of common chromosomal banding patterns between humans and 5 other species are given below. Based on these data, humans are least related to
B
Consanguineous marriages are between men and women who are A) from different cultures. B) "blood" relatives. C) carriers of a disorder. D) from the same town. E) too young to be married.
B
Consider a gene in a population where the dominant allele G occurs in 56% of the gametes. What is the frequency of the recessive allele? A) 56% B) 44% C) 0% D) Cannot be determined
B
Control of human reproduction to achieve a societal goal is called A) biogenics. B) eugenics. C) biodiversity. D) genetic engineering. E) natural selection.
C
Cri-du-Chat syndrome is caused by a A. reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 2 and 20. B. paracentric inversion of chromosome 21. C. deletion of part of chromosome 5. D. non-reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 14 and 21 E. an extra set of chromosomes.
B
DNA collected from a crime scene and from a suspect both have the following genotype: A1 A2 B2 C1 C2. If the frequencies of the A1, B1, and C1 alleles are 0.9, 0.99, and 0.8 respectively, calculate the probability that another person in the suspect's group has the same pattern of these alleles. A) 1.44 x 10-6 B) 5.76 x 10-6 C) 0.400 D) 0.600
C
Darwin bred pigeons to have particular traits.Today people breed dogs,cats,horses,and other animals for the same reason.These activities illustrate A) negative selection. B) positive selection. C) artificial selection. D) veterinary selection. E) agricultural selection.
B
Darwin thought that all natural selection was negative.However,we have since learned that positive selection is a powerful force,and it A) creates new gene variants that enhance the phenotype. B) retains gene variants or combinations that promote successful reproduction. C) enables people to resist infectious diseases. D) enables us to alter our genotypes. E) removes gene variants that are harmful.
A
Deleterious alleles are eliminated from populations by A) natural selection. B) mutation. C) migration. D) nonrandom mating. E) genetic drift.
pigeons: 12 amino acid differences.
Differences between the amino acid sequence of human cytochrome c and that of 5 other species are given in the choices below. Based on these data, humans are most closely related to
B
Electrophoresis separates DNA fragments of different sizes with ____ fragments moving faster to the ____ pole. A) Shorter; negative B) Shorter; positive C) Longer; negative D) Longer; positive
conserved DNA sequences for which the rate of base substitution mutation is known.
Evolutionary tree diagrams compare
B
FISH uses A. stains to sort chromosomes into general size classes, designated A through G. B. DNA probes with attached fluorescent molecules that indicate specific DNA sequences. C. lures to pull out specific sequences from their chromosomes. D. stains that distinguish AT-rich from GC-rich sequences. E. an extract of the crocus plant to arrest cells while they are dividing.
C
Given that cystic fibrosis affects 1 in 2000 Caucasian newborns, what is the frequency of the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis in the population? A) 0.0005 B) 0.025 C) 0.022 D) 0.978
groups of SNPs that are linked on a chromosome.
Haplogroups consist of
D
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium explains _____. A) the introduction of new alleles into a population. B) the formation of a new species. C) the reasons for migration. D) constant allele frequencies in a population.
C
Heterochromatic regions at the ends of chromosomes are A. centromeres. B. euchromatin. C. telomeres. D. satellites. E. DNA hubs.
humans only.
Hominins are ancestral to
chimpanzees.
Human chromosome banding patterns match most closely those of
C
Human males have ___ types of chromosomes. A. 2 B. 23 C. 24 D. 46 E. 12
A
Humans and chimps look and behave differently but are genetically so similar because of their differences in _____ rather than in genome sequence. A. gene expression B. phenotypes C. mtDNA D. genetic mutation
D
In 1910,Charles Davenport opened the Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor.He believed "feeblemindedness" was A) not inherited. B) autosomal dominant. C) X-linked. D) autosomal recessive. E) due to economic conditions.
C
In ______,people with a serious genetic disorder are not permitted to have children. A) the United States B) England C) China D) Russia E) All of these
B
In the earliest karyotypes, chromosomes were distinguished by A. specific size order. B. general size classes. C. banding patterns. D. DNA probes to specific DNA sequences. E. stage of the cell cycle.
200,000
In the evolutionary history of the earth, Homo sapiens probably first appeared approximately _____ years ago.
A
In the science fiction film When Worlds Collide,100 individuals are selected to leave a doomed Earth in a spaceship to re-establish humanity elsewhere.This scenario illustrates A) a founder effect. B) a mutation effect. C) a population funnel. D) a deleterious allele. E) new mutation.
B
Which of the following is best used in cases when the DNA of the victim is highly fragmented? A) RFLPs B) STRs C) VNTRs D) None of the above can be used.
C
Resistance of sickle cell disease carriers to malaria illustrates A) genetic drift. B) a population bottleneck. C) balanced polymorphism. D) a founder effect. E) migration
C
Short sequences of DNA can be amplified by _____ before they are analyzed. A) RFLP B) STR C) PCR D) None of the above; small sequences are not used in DNA analysis.
A
Small scale shifts in allele frequencies is the defining characteristic of _____. A) Microevolution B) Macroevolution C) Natural selection D) Non-random mating
Chimpanzees have DNA sequences in their genome that are not present in the human genome.
Which of the following is true about the human and chimpanzee genomes?
A
Spindle fibers (microtubules) attach to a chromosome's _______ during mitosis. A. centromere B. telomere C. genomere D. euchromatin E. tips
T
T/F Nariokotome Boy was one of the first H. erectus individuals described.
T
T/F Stone tools found with A. afarensis indicate these hominins sliced meat from bones.
T
T/F The Denisova hominin co-existed with ancestors of modern humans and the Neanderthals.
T
T/F We have DNA evidence of Neanderthals because they lived in cold areas, which preserved their genetic material.
B
The meiotic error that results in aneuploid cells is A. crossing over. B. nondisjunction. C. recombination. D. unequal segregation. E. mosaicism.
Gibraltar.
The most recent known habitat of Neanderthals was
A
The population of HIV variants in a person's body changes during the course of infection due to A) natural selection. B) mutation. C) migration. D) genetic drift. E) genetic load.
C
The prevalence of a Y chromosome with the same sequences as Genghis Khan illustrates A) mutation. B) natural selection. C) nonrandom mating. D) gene therapy. E) consanguinity.
D
The satellite regions that distinguish chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 are A. primarily euchromatin. B. proteins that stabilize the chromosomes. C. located near the centromere. D. repeated genes that encode ribosomal RNAs and proteins. E. unique sequence genes that are essential for chromosome integrity.
C
To determine the evolutionary history of a gene,geneticists assume that the most prevalent alleles in a population A) are dominant. B) have mutated the most. C) are the oldest. D) are the most recently acquired. E) have mutated because of radiation exposure.
C
To observe chromosomes, they must be A. actively transcribing all of their genes. B. actively transcribing some of their genes. C. condensed. D. in interphase. E. contained in the nucleus.
D
Which maternal serum marker pattern indicates increased risk of Down syndrome in a fetus? A. deficient hCG and inhibin A and elevated AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A Progesterone and testosterone B. elevated hCG, inhibin A, AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein C. deficient hCG, inhibin A, AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein D. elevated hCG and inhibin A and deficient AFP, estriol, and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A E. elevated cholesterol and presenilin 1 and deficient insulin
Sequenced Neanderthal genome parts are three times as different from the human genome as the least related humans are to each other.
Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that modern humans and Neanderthals are separate species?
A
Which type of cell could not be used for karyotyping? A. red blood cell B. white blood cell C. fibroblast D. skin cell E. fetal
D
Who was the first person in the United States to be convicted of a crime on the basis of DNA evidence? A) Nancy Hodge B) Alec Jeffreys C) Lonnie David Franklin Jr. D) Tommie Lee Andrews
A
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding VNTRs? A) They are also called microsatellites. B) Their distribution in the genome is not uniform. C) The repeat length is 10-80 bases. D) All of the above are correct.
the DNA sequences identified in ancestry tests do not reflect input from all lineages.
39. Adam was certain that he had Native American ancestors, based on tales that his grandfather told of the family history. He is disappointed when he takes a genetic ancestry test by sending a saliva sample to a testing company, because it does not confirm what he believed to be true. Adam may actually indeed have Native American ancestors because
2.5
Australopithecus garhi lived about _____ million years ago.
Australopithecus afarensis.
A 3.6 million-year-old partial skeleton, named Lucy, represents an individual who was a member of
B
A chromosome consists of A. mostly protein and RNA with a small amount of DNA. B. mostly DNA and proteins with a small amount of RNA. C. about equal proportions of DNA, RNA, and protein. D. DNA only. E. mostly DNA and RNA and a small amount of protein.
D
A chromosome that results when the centromere splits in the wrong plane during meiosis, forming identical arms, is a(n) A. ring chromosome. B. metachromosome. C. parachromosome. D. isochromosome. E. tetraploid chromosome.
C
A chromosome with two arms of about equal length is called A. telocentric. B. acrocentric. C. metacentric. D. dicentric. E. paracentric.
B
A chromsomal inversion that does not include the centromere is A. epicentric. B. paracentric. C. metacentric. D. isocentric. E. pericentric.
genes mutate at different rates.
A complication of molecular clock studies is that
C
A cell that has three copies of every chromosome is A. euploid. B. diploid. C. triploid. D. aneuploid. E. tetraploid.
D
A founder effect occurs when A. individuals in a population have few children. B. geographic barriers separate populations. C. mutations introduce new alleles into a population. D. some individuals leave a larger group.
D
A founder effect within a founder effect occurred among the A) Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania. B) Ashkenazi Jewish people of Eastern Europe. C) Pingelapese people of Micronesia. D) French Canadians of Quebec. E) Roma gypsies of Bulgaria
D
A genetic signature for positive selection is A) a gene sequence present in humans and other primates, but with at least one amino acid difference in the encoded protein in humans. B) a gene that is unique to humans. C) a gene sequence present in humans and other primates, but with no amino acid sequence differences. D) a gene that encodes a protein that makes the individual more sexually attractive. E) a gene that encodes a protein that includes mostly positively charged amino acids.
200,000
A hypothesized "first woman" (Eve) probably lived about _____ years ago.
D
A karyotype that uses FISH that shows two chromosomes, each with two colors, but in the opposite patterns, most likely indicates a A. Robertsonian translocation. B. pericentric inversion. C. paracentric inverson. D. reciprocal translocation. E. isochromosome.
B
A karyotype with an extra set of chromosomes indicates A. aneuploidy. B. polyploidy. C. diploidy. D. haploidy. E. paraploidy.
A
A major way that the human genome differs from the genomes of other primates is that A. the human genome has many duplicated regions compared to the other primate genomes. B. the human genome has many more C and T bases in its genes than the other genomes. C. the human genome has many deletions compared to the other primate genomes. D. human proteins are much larger than their counterparts in the other primate species.
A
A man with trisomy 21 could pass Down syndrome to offspring if he A. produces sperm that have two copies of chromosome 21. B. produces sperm lacking chromosome 21. C. also has Turner syndrome. D. is a carrier of a deletion for chromosome 21. E. drinks too much alcohol just before the child is conceived.
A
A person who is 46, XX is a A. chromosomally normal female. B. chromosomally abnormal female. C. chromosomally normal male. D. chromosomally abnormal male. E. female with trisomy 21 Down syndrome.
A
A person who is a heterozygote for G6PD deficiency is protected against A. malaria. B. sickle cell disease. C. diphtheria. D. tuberculosis
C
A sharp cline may indicate A) a sudden increase in the mutation rate. B) a population bottleneck. C) a geographical obstacle, such as a mountain. D) exposure to a devastating infectious disease. E) nonrandom mating.
C
A small group of islanders leave "island A" and travel to "island B." After several generations on island B,a researcher finds that a large percentage of the population is left-handed.Left-handedness is a relatively rare trait on island A.A genetic event that explains this is A)a population bottleneck. B)genetic load. C)a founder effect. D)natural selection. E)Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
C
A social characteristic that can create clines is A) religion. B) marriage customs. C) language. D) geographic barriers. E) whether gay marriage is legal
5
A study of certain nuclear genes in humans and chimpanzees shows that the two species differ in 5 percent of their DNA bases. Base substitution mutations occur at a rate of 1 percent per one million years. How many million years ago did these species diverge?
A
A typhoon devastates a population on "island A" and only a few individuals survive.Several generations later,the replenished population suffers from several inherited disorders that are very rare in other groups.A genetic event that explains this is A) a population bottleneck. B) genetic load. C) a founder effect. D) natural selection. E) migration.
C
A(n) ____ is a group of interbreeding members of the same species in a particular area. A) frequency B) incidence C) population D) equilibrium
Orrorin tugenensis.
All of the following are classified as Homo EXCEPT
B
Amniocentesis cannot be used to detect fetal A. gender. B. intelligence. C. chromosomal abnormalities. D. biochemicals that indicate an inborn error of metabolism. E. total chromosome number.
requires the fewest mutations.
An evolutionary tree is most likely to reflect reality if it
the abundance of fetal hemoglobin in humans.
An example of a single-gene trait that distinguishes humans from other primates is
A
Aneuploidy may occur in some cells of an individual if nondisjunction happens in A. an early embryo. B. a sperm cell. C. an oocyte. D. a skin cell in an adult. E. a polar body.
D
Approximately 1/2000 individuals have a recessive genetic disorder. What is the frequency of the recessive allele? A) 0.0005 B) 0.995 C) 0.978 D) 0.022
C
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 female births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele? A) 0.000025 B) 0.005 C) 0.071 D) 0.995
B
Assume that the incidence of an X-linked recessive disorder is 1 in 200 male births. What is the frequency of the mutant allele? A) 0.000025 B) 0.005 C) 0.071 D) 0.995
D
Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what percentage of individuals are heterozygous if p = 0.6? A) 16% B) 24% C) 35% D) 48%
B
Balanced polymorphism explains why carriers of cystic fibrosis are relatively resistant to A. tuberculosis. B. diarrheal illness. C. malaria. D. pneumonia.
D
Genetic disorders such as Tay-Sachs disease,Bloom syndrome,Gaucher disease and Canavan disease are more common in Ashkenazi Jewish populations because A) spontaneous mutations occur more frequently in this group. B) the gene pool has been highly variable over thousands of years. C) microevolution has not influenced this culture. D) their history includes several population bottlenecks. E) genetic screening programs identify carriers.
C
In a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of a recessive allele will ____ over time. A) increase B) decrease C) remain the same D) vary
C
In a recent case, a professor accused of murder was exonerated when it was shown that when he and his wife shared a towel earlier in the morning, his skin cells had been transferred to her face. Later, when the murderer touched her face, he picked up the husband's cells and transferred them to his weapon. This is an example of _____. A) polymorphism B) primary transfer C) secondary transfer D) a familial DNA search
A
In an endogamous community, A) many people marry people from within the community. B) many people marry people from another country. C) many people marry blood relatives. D) many people own dogs. E) many people have dominant genetic disorders.
D
In human populations,Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is seen A) in small, isolated communities. B) in populations with many immigrants. C) in communities founded by a small number of people. D) infrequently and in large communities with random mating. E) in populations that have been through bottlenecks.
A
In human populations,inbreeding results in A) fewer heterozygotes and more homozygotes. B) more heterozygotes and fewer homozygotes. C) about equal numbers of homozygotes and heterozygotes. D) only heterozygotes. E) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
D
In humans, the most frequently seen autosomal aneuploid is A. monosomy 21. B. trisomy 13. C. trisomy 18. D. trisomy 21. E. tetraploidy.
A
Macroevolution describes _____. A) genetic change sufficient to form a new species B) the change of allele frequency in a population C) a characteristic associated with increased likelihood of developing a particular medical condition D) all the alleles in a given population
B
Many alleles cause PKU.A unique mutation found only in Yemenite Jews is probably A) more ancient than other PKU mutations. B) a result of genetic drift. C) due to a strong heterozygote advantage. D) identical to the original allele. E) Present in 100% of the individuals.
A
Members of two populations in different parts of the world have the same form of inherited breast cancer.The affected individuals in each population have only one specific mutation,but it is different between the two populations.An explanation for this mutation difference among these populations is A) a founder effect. B) mutations associated with religion. C) random mating. D) Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium. E) anti-semitism.
it mutates faster than nuclear DNA.
Mitochondrial DNA sequences are useful to track recent evolution because
an mtDNA sequence that could have given rise, by mutation, to all modern human mtDNA.
Mitochondrial Eve was
T
Modern Europeans and Asians have Neanderthal DNA sequence variants in their genome.
the species being compare are not closely related.
Molecular clocks that are used to estimate the time when organisms diverged from a common ancestor are only effective when
C
Most males born with an extra Y chromosome A. die shortly before or after birth. B. are violent and anti-social. C. are tall but are otherwise normal. D. are phenotypically female. E. are genotypically female.
D
Mutation differs from other sources of genetic variation because it A) always harms the phenotype. B) is unpredictable. C) only affects some populations. D) introduces a change, rather than mixing up existing DNA sequences. E) does not occur at the chromosomal level.
B
Natural selection can alter gene frequencies in a population because A) carriers of inherited disease rarely survive to reproduce. B) it maintains alleles that improve survival to sexual maturity. C) it compensates for defects caused by deleterious alleles. D) individuals with deleterious alleles selectively interbreed. E) alleles are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
enabling certain bacterial variants to survive in the presence of many antibiotic drugs.
Natural selection has fueled the rise in MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection by
C
Natural selection has fueled the rise in MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)infection by A) enabling people to use a greater variety of antibiotic drugs to fight the infection. B) inactivating a greater variety of antibiotic drugs. C) enabling certain bacterial variants to survive in the presence of many antibiotic drugs. D) killing all bacteria exposed to antibiotics, including helpful ones. E) creating bacterial strains that can resist multiple antibiotic drugs.
B
Only nine types of aneuploids are known in newborns because A. only nine chromosomes undergo nondisjunction. B. most types of aneuploids are lethal early in development. C. most aneuploids do not cause detectable defects. D. missing chromosomes cause most lethal aneuploids. E. most aneuploids do not affect the phenotype.
Homo sapiens.
Otzi the Ice Man is a well preserved example of
modern humans.
Otzi the Ice Man's genome most closely resembles that of
A
People with Klinefelter syndrome have which chromosome constitution? A. XXY B. XY C. YO D. XXX E. XO
C
People with Turner syndrome have which chromosome constitution? A. XX B. XXY C. XO D. XXX E. YO
D
Polyploidy can result when A. a translocation occurs between two chromosomes. B. one pair of homologous chromosomes does not separate during meiosis. C. a developing gamete is haploid. D. a haploid sperm fertilizes a diploid egg. E. two ring chromosomes are lost.
Homo floresiensis
Recently, fossils of a new species, called _____, were discovered in Indonesia. They were smaller than modern humans, had a small brain, but appeared to use tools.
E
The DNA sequence that is repeated many times in a telomere is A. GAGTCT. B. UUAGGG. C. AAUCCC. D. AATCCC. E. TTAGGG.
C
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is best described as _____. A) the ratio of genotype classes expected in the progeny of a particular cross B) a biotechnology that detects differences in the number of copies of certain DNA repeats among individuals C) an idealized state in which allele frequencies in a population do not change from generation to generation D) the number of new cases of a disease during a certain time in a particular location
C
The Mennonite and Amish populations have many autosomal recessive illnesses that are extremely rare elsewhere. Which of the following factors is NOT a cause? A) They descended from a few founding families. B) They marry among themselves. C) Spontaneous mutations occur at a very high rate. D) All of the above account for the prevalence of recessive disorder.
B
The ____ rule is used to calculate the likelihood that someone other than the suspect in a forensic case may have left the crime scene sample. A) sum B) product C) additive D) None of the above; probability is not used to calculate matches.
the ancestors of modern Native Americans migrated from Siberia to the Americas.
The fact that modern Native Americans share certain genetic markers with indigenous populations in southern Siberia, but not with others, is evidence that
A
The fact that nearly everyone on the island of Sardinia has the same X chromosome sequence indicates that the population has experienced A. nonrandom mating. B. mutation. C. gene flow. D. natural selection.
C
The alleles in a population comprise its _____. A) gene allocation B) gene flow C) gene pool D) genotype
B
The area between the gene-rich part of a chromosome and the telomere is called a A. submetacentric. B. subtelomere. C. subcentromere. D. subchromatin. E. euchromomere.
C
The area of genetics that links traits, including illnesses, to chromosome variations is A. population genetics. B. transmission genetics. C. cytogenetics. D. evolutionary genetics. E. personal genetics.
B
The centromere of human chromosome 15 creates a long arm and a very short arm. Therefore, this chromosome is A. telocentric. B. acrocentric. C. submetacentric. D. metacentric. E. nanocentric.
B
The chance of carrying the cystic fibrosis allele is 1/23 in the Caucasian population. For two unrelated Caucasian individuals with no family history of CF, the risk of having an affected child is _____. A) 1/4 x 1/4 B) 1/23 x 1/23 x 1/4 C) 1/23 x 1/23 D) 1/4 x 1/4 x 1/23
C
The collection of deleterious alleles in a population is called the A) mutation load. B) mutation bottleneck. C) genetic load. D) genome polymorphism. E) mutant allele.
is the oldest in its geographical area and has retained its culture.
The definition of an indigenous people is a group that
D
The differences in DNA fragment sizes resulting from differences in restriction enzyme cutting sites are called _____. A) polymorphisms B) VNTRs C) STRs D) RFLPs
chimpanzee
The human cytochrome c is identical to _____ cytochrome c.
C
The first known sketches of human chromosomes were drawn in A. 1776. B. 1814. C. 1882. D. 1951. E. 2001.
D
The first primates known for their extensive use of tools were A. Homo erectus. B. Homo afarensis. C, Homo sapiens. D. Homo habilis.
Homo erectus.
The first primates with an angled skull base that were probably able to make a wide range of sounds to aid speech were
Homo erectus
The fossil records indicates that _____ lived in families of male-female pairs, used fire, and left evidence of social cooperation (lived communally).
B
The frequency of the allele that causes sickle cell disease is higher in some populations than in others because A) the gene mutates at different frequencies in different parts of the world. B) the incidence of malaria differs in different parts of the world. C) sickle cell disease screening is better in developed countries. D) heterozygotes are resistant to cholera. E) genetic testing is better now.
D
The gradual change in specific human mitochondrial DNA sequences along a river illustrates A) a founder effect. B) genetic load. C) a population bottleneck. D) a cline. E) spontaneous mutation.
A
The type of chromosome abnormality that yields a long chromosome consisting of most of two acrocentric chromosomes is a(n) A. Robertsonian translocation. B. pericentric inversion. C. paracentric inverson. D. reciprocal translocation. E. isochromosome.
Homo sapiens idaltu
The type of hominid that was most likely to include mitochondrial Eve is
B
The use of copy number variants of very short repeats to identify or distinguish individuals is called _____. A) biotargeting B) DNA profiling C) bioethics D) biostatistics
D
Uniparental disomy explains A. a person with dwarfism who has autosomal dominant achondroplasia born to parents of normal height. B. some cases of severe blood infections. C. a new mutation in which a child has a condition that no other relative has. D. a child with an autosomal recessive condition who has one wild type parent and one carrier parent. E. a child with an autosomal dominant condition who has two carrier parents.
B
Uniparental disomy results when a child inherits A. two recessive alleles for the same gene, one from each parent. B. two alleles for the same gene from one parent. C. one recessive allele from one parent. D. more than two alleles for the same gene from one parent. E. a recessive allele.
A
Using the information from Question 17, what is the carrier frequency in the population? A) 0.043 B) 0.025 C) 0.022 D) 0.978
D
Using the information from questions 17 and 18, what is the chance that two Caucasian individuals with no family history of cystic fibrosis will produce a child with cystic fibrosis? A) 0% B) 1 in 4 C) 1 in 529 D) 1 in 2116
Species that have very similar DNA sequences probably share recent ancestors.
Which of the following premises forms the basis of the concept of molecular evolution?
C
Which of the following represents the correct order, from most recent to oldest? A. Australopithecus garhi, Aegyptopithecus, Homo floresiensis, Denisova hominin B. Australopithecus garhi, Homo erectus, Denisova hominin, Homo sapiens C. Homo sapiens, Denisova hominin, Homo erectus, Australopithecus garhi D. Homo sapiens, Australopithecus garhi, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Dryopithecus
C
Which of the following represents the proportion of individuals within a population displaying a dominant phenotype? A) p2 B) 2pq C) p2 + 2pq D) p2 + 2pq + q2
B
Which of these affects allele frequencies the least? A) natural selection B) mutation C) migration D) nonrandom mating E) genetic drift
C
Which of these best represents natural selection? A. ABO blood type frequencies are similar in northern Africa, southern Spain, and the middle east. B. Recessive albinism is more common among the Hopi of Arizona than in the general population of the U.S. C. Lactose tolerant alleles are very prevalent in herding populations that drink milk as a staple. D. A gradual change in specific human mitochondrial DNA sequences occurs along the Nile river in Egypt.
A
Which of these have never been observed in a viable human birth? A. YO male B. XO female C. XXY male D. XXX female E. XY male.
A
Which of these is in the correct order, from oldest to most recent? A. Australopithecus garhi, Aegyptopithecus, Homo floresiensis, Denisova hominin B. Australopithecus garhi, Homo erectus, Denisova hominin, Homo sapiens C. Homo sapiens, Denisova hominin, Homo erectus, Australopithecus garhi D. Homo sapiens, Australopithecus garhi, Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Dryopithecus
B
____ is the source of new alleles in a population. A) Genetic drift B) Mutation C) Selection D) Non-random mating
Hominids
_____ are ancestral to both apes and humans.
A
_______ are illustrations that show chromosome arm and major regions. A. Ideograms B. Chromatograms C. Polygrams D. Anagrams E. DNA sequence charts
A
_______ in the human population reduced the incidence and virulence of tuberculosis in the early twentieth century. A) Natural selection B) Mutation C) Migration D) Nonrandom mating E) Genetic drift
A
_______ in the mycobacterium tuberculosis population reduced the incidence and virulence of tuberculosis in the early twentieth century. A) Natural selection B) Mutation C) Migration D) Nonrandom mating E) Genetic drift
A
_______ maintains deleterious alleles in a population. A) Mutation B) Migration C) Random mating D) Natural selection E) Evolution
E
________ syndrome can only result from non-disjunction in the male and female. A. YO B. XO C. XXY D. XXX E. XXYY syndrome