Exam 4

Empowerment is an either-or proposition; either a subordinate is empowered or not—there are no "degrees" of empowerment.

False

The two general functions of mentoring are coaching and delegation.

False

________ leadership theory is based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers.

Implicit

Which of the following statements about impression management is false?

Impression management is generally damaging to careers.

______ is the leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output.

Initiating structure

_______ leadership is an example of passive leadership.

Laissez-faire

When psychologically empowered, an employee feels all of the following except

agreeableness.

____________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments.

Organizational culture

Which of the following statements about applying organizational socialization research is true?

Organizations can use socialization tactics to promote ethical behavior.

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true?

Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture.

The highest degree of empowerment is

power distribution.

Of the following, ________ is the least frequently used influence tactic.

pressure

Meghan resents Tom's promotion to sale manager. She knows she has performed as well as Tom and feels that his promotion was not deserved. She doesn't verbally express this, but when Tom runs a meeting, she doesn't participate or contribute. Rather, she looks at her phone or out the window.This passive-aggressive reaction to Tom's influence attempt reflects Meghan's

resistance.

In his annual performance review meeting with Eileen, who has been working at the company for two years, Ruben suggests that if she keeps up her good work she is likely to be offered a promotion within the next year. Ruben is exercising his _______ power.

reward

Professor Smith promises Professor Davis that he will buy him dinner if Professor Davis covers class for him one day while Professor Smith is presenting a paper at a conference. Professor Davis agrees, although he is merely going to hand out an assignment to students and be available for questions if they have any. Professor Smith is using his ________ power and Professor Davis is ________.

reward; complying

Using ______ is a way of getting others to participate in planning, making decisions, and changes.

consultation

In power distribution, the manager adopts the _____ style.

delegation

Clan organizations

devote considerable resources to hiring and developing employees.

Servant leadership is the same thing as laissez-faire leadership.

false

Fiona is the daytime supervisor for an online sales company. She supervises 57 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Fiona has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, she does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on in the company. Fiona has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by her employees. Although she would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Fiona generally divides bonuses and raises equally among her employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, how would Fiona's leader-member relations be described?

good

Connie knows that Benton Inc. is not growing. In fact, it's lost a lot of business to new competitors. She asks her managers 1. What is Benton Inc. doing wrong? 2. What can the company do to turn things a round? 3. Should the goals or mission of the company change? She wants them to question the status quo and seek innovative and creative solutions to organizational problems. What kind of behavior is Connie exhibiting?

intellectual stimulation

The leadership theory that is based on the assumption that leaders develop unique one-to-one relationships with each of the people reporting to them is

leader-member exchange.

Drake is running for Congress during a time of conflict. He has a strong, craggy, dominant look—similar to Clint Eastwood. His campaign manager says that this gives him an advantage over his opponent. This reflects a

leadership prototype.

Using _________ basing a request on explicit or implied support from superiors.

legitimating tactics

Which of the following is a "hard" influence tactic?

legitimating tactics

Troy starts a job right out of college. He feels lucky to have found a position in the financial industry. Troy knows that he needs help to form and maintain the lasting developmental relationships that will further his career. Troy should first establish a(n)

mentoring plan.

_________ involves leader behavior associated with creating mutual respect or trust and focuses on a concern for group members' needs and desires.

Consideration

Which of the following statements about culture change is false?

Culture change should only be attempted when organizational survival is threatened.

_________ are levers for changing organizational culture, addressing all three levels of culture.

Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching

Frank is the manager for a grocery store. He supervises 18 workers who perform service and clerical work that requires minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Frank is following the servant-leadership model of leadership?

Frank refrains from engaging in self-serving behaviors that hurt others and focuses on increased service to others rather than to himself.

______ power is the type of influence a person exercises independent of his or her job or position.

Personal

___________ focuses on clarifying employees' role and task requirements and providing followers with positive and negative rewards contingent on performance.

Transactional leadership

Effective leader behaviors can be systematically improved and developed.

True

Effective leadership is influenced not only by leadership behavior, but also task-oriented traits and interpersonal attributes.

True

Idealized influence by a leader entails behaviors associated with instilling pride, respect, and trust within employees.

True

Leaders need cognitive abilities to derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information.

True

Legitimate power can be expressed either positively or negatively.

True

An artifact is

a physical manifestation of an organization's culture.

The best possible influence outcome is __________ because the target person's intrinsic motivation energizes good performance.

commitment

Marcy grudgingly agrees to Herb's proposal and needs a lot of prodding to satisfy the minimum requirements. Marcy is exhibiting

compliance.

In the _________ phase of organizational socialization, employees master important tasks and roles and adjust to their work group's values and norms.

change and acquisition

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a servant-leader?

charisma

Larry Page, Google's cofounder and former CEO, describes the culture as a "family" environment. He said, "My job ... is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel they're having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. ... It's important that the company be a family, that people feel that they're part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity." This is an example of _____ culture.

clan

What cultural types represent competing values?

clan and market

Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising _______ power.

coercion

You are late in the preparation of the computer graphics for your final report and presentation. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics just as he is heading out of the office at the end of the day and say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come back for two or three hours tonight and help me with these graphics, I will complete those spreadsheets you have been complaining about." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend?

exchange

Michael wants to be president of his division. Everything he does is geared to that objective. He pushes his employees to to meet higher quotas, criticizes anyone who doesn't put in 10 to 12 hour days, and demands results before the due date. He is arrogant and dominant. Michael is

exhibiting narcissism.

Jeff has been a project assistant for XYZ Corporation for five years. Recently he was asked to train Harriet, a new employee. He suggests that she use an Excel worksheet to lay out the projects she is currently working on, and she complies. He is using _______ power.

expert

Which of the following is not one of the psychosocial functions of mentoring?

exposure and visibility

Organizations with adhocracy cultures are described as

externally focused and valuing flexibility.

Organizations with market cultures are described as

externally focused and valuing stability and control.

Marianne manages a landscaping company. She supervises 19 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. Because she is only the manager, not the owner, Marianne has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, she can move employees to positions where they don't receive tips. Marianne has a reputation for being fair. Although she would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Marianne generally divides bonuses among her employees. Otherwise, the owner might think she is playing favorites. According to Fiedler's contingency model, how would you characterize the level of situational control in these circumstances?

high

When a leader is trying to instill pride, respect, and trust within employees, he or she is engaging in

idealized influence.

Jimmy starts work at an accounting firm. On the first day of work, his boss takes him aside and tells him about the specifics of his job at the firm. Over the next few months, when they both have time, Jimmy's boss gives him further advice, instructions, and personal training on unique tasks. Which of the following describes Jimmy's socialization process at the accounting firm?

individual

Carl needs a day off from his work. But he is apprehensive that David, his manager, will not grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few pounds and has been hitting the gym for the past month. Before asking for the leave, Carl compliments David on his build and physique. It comes as no surprise to Carl that David grants him the leave! What kind of an influence tactic did Carl use?

ingratiation

Which of the following interpersonal traits has research shown to have a negative relationship with leadership effectiveness?

narcissism

A(n) ________ helps new recruits integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture, and politics and by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities.

onboarding program

The functions of organizational culture are

organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and sense-making.

Peter is a resident surgeon at his local hospital. Before he could start his residency, he had to complete four years of medical school, and then two years of internship. Identify the socialization process that Peter had to undergo.

sequential socialization

After a year of mentoring, Andrew is starting his own bakery. He has listened to all of his mentor's advice, especially about developing networks. To help him out, his father's friend, who owns a supermarket, offers him a supply of flour and sugar at discount prices. Andrew's close friend, who is a real estate agent, gives him advice on how to get a large loft in the downtown area at a reasonable price. His mother, who has strong political ties in the community, uses her contacts with locals to spread the word about Andrew's new business. Andrew now possesses high level of _______ capital.

social