Exam 4 - Practice Exam (Chap. 25: The Urinary System & Chap. 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance)

The extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of the

1) Plasma and lymph. 2) Interstitial fluid. 3) Cerebrospinal fluid.

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by

1) Stimulating thirst. 2) Causing deceased urinary water loss. 3) Causing increase Na+ retention.

Secretion of potassium (K+) into the urine is

1) increased by aldosterone 2) associated with the reabsorption of sodium from the distal tubules and collecting ducts.

Which substance would be found in higher concentration if the kidney filtration membrane were damaged?

protein

Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

Excretes excess albumin molecules

Acidosis results in increasing levels of what ion?

H+

How would the lungs respond to metabolic alkalosis?

Have slower, shallower breathing.

Which disease condition is lack of control over micturition?

Incontinence

Where is most of the water of the body found?

Intracellular fluid

The amount of potassium excreted by the kidneys is regulated mainly by

aldosterone

When the pH of the blood plasma is 7.50

alkalosis results.

The condition called ________ is the absence of urine production.

anuria

Which of the following substances is not normally found in the filtrate?

blood cells and large particles

[True/False] Protein is a normal constituent of urine.

false

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex.

[True/False] The internal urethral sphincter is involuntary.

true

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

ureters

The proper pH for the blood is:

7.35 - 7.45

A glomerulus is

A knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

Which hormone is inhibited by excess alcohol consumption so that it decreases water reabsorption by the kidneys (the physiology experiment you could do at a bar or pub or Starbucks if coffee instead)?

ADH

What transmembrane protein facilitates water movement in and out of cells in response to ADH?

Aquaporins

If urine is cloudy this indicates what?

Bacterial infection of bladder

The most abundant buffer in body cells and plasma is:

Carbonic acid-bicarbonate

Dilation of an efferent arteriole will have what effect on GFR?

Decrease GFR

________ nephrons are essential to water conservation and the production of concentrated urine.

Juxtamedullary

When water is lost from the body, but electrolytes are retained,

Osmosis moves water from the ICF to the ECF.

The principal cation in cytoplasm is

Potassium

To compensate for respiratory acidosis the kidney would:

Reabsorb HCO3- and excrete H+.

A major stimulus for the release of ADH is:

Reduced blood volume

The deepest part of the Nephron Loop is determined as the

Region of highest interstitial osmolarity (solute concentration)

Which component of the pH control system acts the fastest to control pH of the body?

Respiratory

What is the primary driving force (pressure) that produces glomerular filtration?

hydrostatic pressure of blood (blood pressure).

Abnormally increased blood levels of sodium are termed ___________.

hypernatremia