exam 4 questions

Amoebae are a group of protozoa that move and feed using __________.

lobe-shaped pseudopods

Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by an opportunistic __________.

fungus

Greasy, frothy diarrhea with the smell of rotten eggs may indicate _______.

giardiasis

Which of the following is the most important arthropod vector of human diseases?

mosquitoes

Nematodes such as Ascaris infect the __________ by way of the __________.

intestinal tract; lungs

Treponema pallidum is transmitted almost solely by sexual contact because __________.

it is extremely fastidious and sensitive

In cestodes, gravid proglottids are found __________.

nearest the end of the strobila

What is the treatment that Dr. Clark will most likely recommend for Taenia solium?

praziquantel or albendazole, drugs that target eukaryotic parasites with minimal side effects in the host

How can hepatitis be prevented?

receive a vaccination

What is the vector for Leishmaniasis?

sand fly

The _____ form of the parasite has a characteristic "ring" shape.

trophozoite

What is the vector for African sleeping sickness?

tsetse fly

Which of the following organisms can cause water-borne diarrheal disease?

-Vibrio cholerae -Cryptosporidium enteritis -Entamoeba histolytica

Genital warts are transmitted by __________.

-direct contact -indirect contact -auto inoculation

Proteus mirabilis

A Gram-negative bacillus that exhibits strong urease activity is isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection. Which of the following is a plausible identification for this microbe?

gonorrhea; "the clap"

A 20-year-old male reports to his physician that he has experienced painful urination, as if he were urinating molten solder. He has also noticed a pus-like discharge from his penis. A stained smear of the discharge is shown in the photo. The patient reports having been sexually active with two or three women in the previous six months. Because his partners reported being "absolutely sure" that they wouldn't get pregnant and carried no sexually transmitted diseases, the patient had not used a condom.

a rash on the palms and soles of the feet

A hunter receives excessive flea bites during a stay in a deep-woods cabin. Approximately one week later, he begins to experience signs and symptoms of murine typhus. Which of the following will probably NOT be experienced by this patient?

Escherichia coli

A sample from a public water supply contains Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas production. Which of the following microbes would be the most likely candidate for this contaminant?

A 20-year-old student was admitted to his college's student health center with headaches and fever shortly after beginning the fall semester. He had spent his summer working with an international aid organization in Nigeria and had returned to the United States only a week earlier. Gross examination revealed a diffuse rash and numerous insect bites. The young man had spent most of his summer outdoors in rural areas, had taken no prophylactic antimalarial medication, and had spent some time on African game reserves working with the families of local guides. The patient could not specifically remember receiving any of the bite wounds on his body, and he did not always use insect repellent in the field. The young man was admitted to the local hospital, where intermittent fever, nausea, and headache continued. Initial blood smears proved negative for malaria but showed positive for Trypanosoma brucei. What is the name of the disease this man is suffering from?

African sleeping disease

What organism causes thrush?

Candida albicans

Genital warts are caused by __________.

Papillomaviridae

bubonic plague

The Texas Department of Health has isolated Yersinia pestis from wood rats and prairie dogs in West Texas and the Texas panhandle. In addition to the fever, chills, and severe headache, this patient has developed hemorrhages under the skin. What disease is this camper likely to have?

fecal contamination

What is the primary source of infection for UTIs?

cystitis

Which condition is associated with bacterial infection of the bladder?

dysentery

Which of the following is NOT a disease generally associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

glucose fermentation

Which of the following is a characteristic of all enterics?

avoidance of crowded living conditions

Which of the following is the best way to avoid infection by Neisseria meningitidis?

bacteremia

Which of the following is the final event in only some Salmonella infections?

fimbriae

__________ are the primary means by which Neisseria gonorrhoeae attaches to the mucous membranes of the reproductive tract.

Diagnosis of malaria relies on identification of trophozoites in a __________.

blood smear

The physician performs a pelvic exam, which reveals the presence of an abnormal thin, watery vaginal discharge and inflammation of the cervix. The physician then palpates the abdomen (examines by touch and pressure) and finds that the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries are enlarged and tender. The physician takes a swab sample of the cervix and sends it to the laboratory to determine the causal organism. Light microscopy and simple staining of the sample in the lab reveal an organism with a very unique life cycle. The organism is classified as gram-negative, but it stains very poorly compared to other classic gram-negative STI pathogens. The stain shows both a nonreplicating, extracellular infectious elementary body and a replicating, noninfectious reticulate body inside mucosal cells from the cervical epithelium swab. Based on the symptoms and these new laboratory findings, which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis for the patient?

chlamydia

A 20-year-old soldier serving in Iraq reports to his medic and complains of several large painless sores on his head and face. Some of the ulcers have healed, leaving scars. A sample taken from a lesion and examined microscopically shows the presence of flagellated protozoa. Based on the clinical history and presentation, what disease is this soldier most likely to have?

cutaneous leishmaniasis

In which population might we observe a higher incidence of thrush?

the elderly

Which vector is required for the spread of malaria?

the female Anopheles mosquito

Canines that are household pets are at very low risk for Echinococcus infection for which of the following reasons?

their diet is usually carefully monitored

What type of pathogen causes papillomas?

viruses

How do pseudohyphae in yeasts differ from vegetative hyphae in filamentous fungi?

yeasts use pseudohyphae to invade host tissue, whereas filamentous fungi use their vegetative hyphae for obtaining nutrients