exam 4

Nitroglycerin, when given to patients with cardiac-related chest pain:

relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries.

Which oft h e following is the MOST reliable method of estimating a patient's cardiac output?

Assess the heart rate and strength ot the puise.

Which of the following statements regarding the pain associated with AM is correct?

It can occur during exertion or when the patient is at rest. Answers:

Which of the following statements regarding the hypoxic drive is correct?

The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels.

Which of the following statements regarding the AED and defibrillation is correct?

The AED will not analyze the rhythm of a moving patient.

What medication form does oral glucose come in?

gel

The secondary assessment ota medical patient:

is not practical fi the patient is critically il or your transport time is Short.

Which oft h e following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?

jugular venous distention

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect.

Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it:

prevents the aggregation ot platelets

When documenting a patient's description of his or her chest pain or discomfort, the EMT should:

use the patient's own words.

Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining a medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort?

Family history of hypertension

Major risk factors for AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hypoglycemia.

Which oft h efollowing medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

ibuprofen

A25-year-old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardic. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:

. insert a nasal airway and ventilate with a Bvm

A 40-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. Your partneri s performing CPR. You are attaching the AED when the patient's wife tells you that he has an automatic implanted cardiac defibrillator (AID. The AED advises that a shock is indicated. What should you do?

Deliver the shock followed by immediate resumption of CPR.

Which oft h e following statements regarding nitroglycerin is correct?

Nitroglycerin usually relieves anginal chest pain within 5 minutes.

How is nitroglycerin usually given by the EMT

Sublingually

When administering supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient with a chronic lung disease, you should:

adjust the flow rate accordingly until you see symptom improvement, but be prepared toassist his or her ventilations.

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema

administer oxygen with the appropriate device.

A62-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure presents with severe respiratory distress and with an oxygen saturation of 82%. When you auscultate his lungs, you hear widespread rales. He is conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in two- to three-word sentences at a time. You should:

apply a CAP device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration.

The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention isbecause they:

are in denial

Which of the following is an example of a generic drug?

aspirin

upon arriving at the residence of a patient with a possible cardiac problem, it is MOST important to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 56-year-old malewith an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient Is semiconscious; has rapid, shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. You should:

attach the AED immediately.

You respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. After law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patient's dorm room and find him sitting on the edge of the bed; he appears agitated. As you approach him, you note that he has dried blood around both nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/110 mm Hg. Treatment for this patient includes:

attempting to calm him and giving him oxygen if tolerated

An EMT may administer aspirin to a patient if:

authorization from medical control has been obtained.

You and your EMT partner are the first to arrive at the scene of an unresponsive 70-year-old man. Your assessment reveals that he is apneic and pulseless. A paramedic unit is en route to the scene and will arrive inapproximately 5 minutes. You should:

begin CPR, apply the AED, and deliver ashock fi it is indicated.

The head and brain receive their supply of oxygenated blood from the:

carotid arteries

in addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of the skin

It would be MOST appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing:

chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest.

Rapid, labored breathing in a patient with signs and symptoms of AMI should make you suspicious for:

congestive heart failure

Cardiogenic shock following AMI is caused by:

decreased pumping force of the heart muscle

common side effects of nitroglycerin include all of the following.EXCEPT

hypertension.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex where a 21-year-old female has apparently overdosed on several narcotic medications. She is semiconscious and has slow, shallow respirations. You should:

insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisted ventilation

Prior to assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin, the EMT must:

obtain authorization from medical control.

Shortly after assisting a 65-year-old female with her prescribed nitroglycerin, she begins complaining of dizziness and experiences a drop of 30 mm Hg in her systolic blood pressure. The patient remains conscious and her breathing is adequate. You should:

place her in a supine position

A67-year-old female presents with difficulty breathing and chest discomfort that awakened her from her sleep. She states that she has congestive heart failure, has had two previous heart attacks, and has been prescribed nitroglycerin. She is conscious and alert with adequate breathing. Her blood pressure is 94/64 mm Hg and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Treatment for this patient includes:

placing her in an upright position.

The AED has delivered a shock to an elderly male in cardiac arrest. Following < minutes of CPR, you re-analyze the patient's cardiac rhythm and receive a"no shock advised" message. After further resuscitation, you restore a palpable carotid pulse. Your next action should be to:

reassess airway and breathing and treat accordingly.

After assisting your patient with prescribed nitroglycerin, you should:

reassess his or her blood pressure within 5 minutes to detect hypotension.

You are assessing a 49-year-old man who complains of chest pressure the at beginning of the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you he has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high-flowoxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 beats/min and irregular. You should:

remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:

repeating the primary assessment.

Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as

shortness of breath or difficulty breathing

in contrast to the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system:

slows the heart and respiratory rates.

The purpose of defibrillation is to:

stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction o the cardlac cells.

Common signs and symptoms of acute hyperventilation syndrome include:

tachypnea and tingling in the extremities

When the myocardium requires more oxygen.

the arteries supplying the heart dilate

You aredispatched to a local nursery for a39-year-old femalew h o is sick. When you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. She is semiconscious, has copious amounts ofsaliva coming from her mouth, and is incontinent of urine. You quickly feel her pulse and note that it is very slow. immediate management for this patient should include:

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx.

Most patients are instructed by their physician to take up to _ doses of nitroglycerin before calling EMS.

three

Which oft h e following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotinepatch ?

transcutaneous/ transdermal