Exam 5 21,22,23,24
A client undergoing radiation has developed ongoing diarrhea. Which teaching will the nurse provide to address this concern?
"Avoid high-fat foods which can increase diarrhea."
The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension. Which recommendation will the nurse make to decrease blood pressure?
"Avoid using salt when cooking."
A client with diabetes comes to the clinic, and the nurse is responsible for nutrition counseling. When the client says that she has eliminated all carbohydrates from her diet, the nurse should respond:
"Carbohydrate is the main nutrient influencing your blood sugar levels, but that doesn't mean that you should totally avoid carbohydrates."
A client tells the nurse that the physician has recommended a diet high in chromium for a client with diabetes and the client would like to know why. What is the nurse's best response?
"Chromium supplementation is not supported by existing evidence ."
The nurse is providing suggestions to a patient with chronic kidney disease to help the client in implementing nutrition therapy. Which of the following would be a CORRECT suggestion?
"Consume less than 1 ounce of hard cheese a day."
Which recommendation will the nurse make to a client with stomatitis following radiation?
"Consume small pieces of soft foods."
The nurse is conducting a seminar on basic nutrition and eating a heart-healthy diet. Which teaching will the nurse provide?
"Do not consume sugar-sweetened beverages."
A client with advanced cancer says, "I am afraid I won't be able to eat eventually. How will I get nutrition?" Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Enteral nutrition is an option you can consider if eating becomes too difficult."
The nurse is caring for a client with hyperlipidemia. What suggestion should the nurse offer to increase the HDL level?
"Follow a regular exercise routine.
The nurse has just completed teaching a client with diabetes and chronic kidney disease about dietary restrictions. Which client statement demonstrates that teaching has been effective?
"Fruits and vegetables are healthy diet choices."
The nurse is educating a pregnant client who has gestational diabetes. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to the client? Select all that apply.
"Gestational diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia that develops during pregnancy, usually around the 24th week of gestation." "Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of preeclampsia, caesarean delivery, and fetal macrosomia." "Gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of hypertension." "Screening is not needed if the client is younger than 25 years old and has no personal history of abnormal glucose metabolism."
A client has chosen to undertake the exchange diet. If the client decided to choose 1/2 cup of unsweetened juice, which of the following statements by the nurse would be CORRECT?
"Half a cup of unsweetened juice provides 15 grams of carbohydrate."
A nurse is caring for a client who had hyperlipidemia as a result of low levels of high-density lipoproteins. What suggestion should the nurse offer to increase HDL level?
"Have a regular exercise routine."
The nurse is teaching a client with diabetes regarding hypoglycemia. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further instruction?
"I have a busy job and eat at unpredictable times every day."
A female client with type 1 diabetes has received diet teaching from the nurse. Which client statement requires further teaching by the nurse?
"I may consume two alcoholic drinks per day."
Which client statement reflects that the nurse's teaching regarding a low-cholesterol and low trans fat diet has been effective?
"I plan to choose to snack on walnuts."
The nurse is providing nutritional counseling for a client with CHD. When the client says that she has eliminated all fats from her diet, which of the following is the nurse's best response?
"Not all fats are really bad. You may consume fats that are good for your heart."
A client is experiencing nausea related to chemotherapy. Which teaching will the nurse provide to alleviate this concern?
"Sip ginger ale throughout the day."
A nursing instructor asks a student to discuss the benefits of losing weight for a client with cardiovascular disorder. Which statement by the student indicates an accurate understanding of the effects of weight reduction on blood pressure?
"The greater the weight loss, the greater is the reduction in blood pressure."
The nurse is caring for a client with type 1 diabetes. Which teaching will the nurse provide to help the client avoid hypoglycemia?
Keep a carbohydrate source on the nightstand in case hypoglycemia develops at night.
Which term is defined as the condition of severe muscle depletion?
Sarcopenia
Which laboratory value does the nurse anticipate will most likely be altered in a patient experiencing protein energy wasting?
Serum albumin
A client's lean body mass decreased for which of the following reasons?
She gained 10 pounds of fat but lost 15 total pounds.
After having a serious cardiac event, a client is experiencing edema. The healthcare provider has instructed the nurse to monitor the client's potassium intake level. The nurse understands that for the client's cardiac health to improve, potassium must be which of the following?
decreased
Chronic kidney disease often begins with nephrotic syndrome in the presence of which disorder?
diabetes
A tip for managing nutrition-related problems is to rinse the mouth if the patient experiences any of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
diarrhea.
Which of the following can last for years after treatment for head and neck cancer?
difficulty swallowing
Which food is a source of healthy omega-3 fat?
fish
Which type of resection surgery is associated with the potential complication of dumping syndrome?
gastric
Patients undergoing treatment with which type of cancer may benefit from glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition formulas?
gastrointestinal
The traditional Mediterranean diet is a heart healthy food group approach. Like the DASH diet, it is characterized by:
high intake of vegetables.
While assessing a client, the nurse recognizes which of the following symptoms are NOT indicative of heart failure?
hyperactivity
A client is excreting elevated levels of a salt of oxalic acid in her urine. She has:
hyperoxaluria
During taking a health history, the nurse should consider the following symptoms as the most suggestive of heart failure EXCEPT:
increased hunger
Nutritional problems related to cancer treatment include which of the following?
increased nutrient losses.
Saturated fat may increase cancer risk for which of the following reasons?
increasing cancer growth hormones.
A patient had a stem-cell transplant as a cancer treatment and was taken off total parenteral nutrition. Which of the following should be limited or avoided?
lactose
Which assessment finding places a client with HIV at high risk for wasting?
maintain BMI of 18
A client with Barrett's esophagus developed esophageal adenocarcinoma. The nurse will monitor the client for which most likely condition?
malnutrition
The nurse is explaining to a client that along with uncontrolled hypertension, which of the following are risk factors for CHD? Select all that apply.
obesity cigarette smoking high in saturated fat diet diabetes
The nurse is caring for a client who wants to consume more monounsaturated fats instead of saturated fats to minimize cardiovascular risk. Which oil will the nurse teach the client to use?
olive
There is a strong evidence that monounsaturated fatty acids lower the incidence of coronary heart disease. Which of the following belongs to this group of fatty acids?
olive oil
The nurse should understand that the risk factors for hypertension include all of the following EXCEPT:
physical activity.
A 44-year old client has type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular complications and must follow a special diet. Which food is allowed in this diet?
plant-based proteins
Which of the following drugs used to treat anorexia-cachexia syndrome mimics the effects of hormones secreted from the adrenal cortex?
prednisolone
A patient is on high doses of steroids during therapy for prostate cancer. Which of the following is particularly important for his nutrition therapy?
preventing weight gain
The nurse is providing dietary instruction to a hypertensive client with uncontrolled blood cholesterol level. The nurse tells the client to avoid which of the following foods/beverages?
processed meats.
Which of the following activates the precursor of angiotensin?
renin
Chemotherapy drugs that inhibit rapidly dividing cells will be least likely to decrease the numbers of which of the following types of cells?
skeletal muscle.
Which of the following high biologic value sources may be better than others at decreasing protein in urine?
soy
Before her cancer diagnoses, a patient consumed a Western diet. Now she wants to switch to a diet that may help reduce her risk of cancer recurrence. Which of the following could be recommended?
switching from animal-based foods to plant-based food
A client with diabetes asks the nurse what are possible causes of hypoglycemia. The nurse explains that hypoglycemia is often referred to as insulin reaction that may occur from which of the following? Select all that apply.
taking too much insulin inadequate food intake delayed or skipped meals taking too much antidiabetic medication
The nurse recognizes which type of diabetes is characterized by the absence of insulin secretion?
type 1 diabetes
The nurse recognizes that the type of diabetes that is controlled primarily through diet, exercise, and oral antidiabetic agents is which type?
type 2 diabetes.
Individual cancers have which of the following in common?
undifferentiated cell growth
Which factor is a modifiable determinant of cancer risk?
weight
The nurse will encourage a client with cancer and unintentional weight loss to drink which kind of milk?
whole
Which substance is lost in dialysate, which in turn affects dietary recommendations for a patient with chronic kidney disease?
Albumin
A male patient with hypertension enjoys an alcoholic beverage periodically. Which information will the nurse teach to the patient?
Alcoholic drinks should be limited to 2 or less drinks daily.
A client with chronic kidney disease does not synthesize erythropoietin properly. Which adverse effect does the nurse expect?
anemia
Which of the following is/are administered to patients to control and reduce viral load?
antiretroviral therapy
Which of the following is a complex multifactorial wasting syndrome?
cachexia
The nurse is educating a patient who has calcium oxalate kidney stones. Which dietary choice will the nurse teach that directly contributes to stone formation?
cola
Alcohol is more likely to cause hypoglycemia when consumed without food rather than with food. This statement is:
correct
The nurse has finished teaching a client with diabetes about nutrition planning. Which meal, chosen by the client, indicates that further teaching is needed?
1 cup yogurt with fruit, 2 biscuits with 1 tablespoons butter, 2 scrambled eggs
The nurse is providing nutrition counseling to a dialysis patient. How much EPA and DHA a day should the client consume as sources of omega-3 fats?
2 grams
In assessing the dietary record of a patient with nephrotic syndrome, which daily intake of sodium does the nurse identify as appropriate?
1.8g
A client newly diagnosed with heart failure is asking the nurse how many milligrams of sodium are allowed in a diet for it to be considered "restricted." What should the nurse respond?
2000 mg
A nurse is assigned to care for a client with diabetes who has a diet high in saturated fats. What information should the nurse provide to the client about the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet?
It increases the risk of diabetic complications.
The nurse is assigned to care for a client with hypertension who has a diet high in saturated fats. What information should the nurse provide to the client about the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet?
It increases the risk of cardiovascular disorder complications.
A client weighs 100 kilograms and has nephrotic syndrome. At least how many calories should the client consume daily to spare protein and maintain weight?
3500
The camp nurse has confirmed that a camper is experiencing moderate hypoglycemia. Which food choice will the nurse administer to the camper right away?
4 ounces orange juice
Which resection carries the risk for diabetes mellitus as a complication?
Pancreatic
The nurse is educating a client with hypertension who wants to adopt the DASH-style eating pattern. Which of the following is included in this diet? Select all that apply.
4.5 or more cups of fruits and vegetables daily two or more 3 1/2-ounce servings of fish per week, preferably oily fish three or more 1-ounce-equivalent servings of whole grains daily
The nurse educator starts a nutrition class by discussing the prevalence of diabetes among different races and ethnicies. Which individual does the nurse identify that would be most likely to be diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, based on evidence?
57-year-old African American
Which serum glucose laboratory report does the nurse interpret as indicative of hypoglycemia?
66mg/dl
A client was in a car accident and has acute kidney injury. His urine output is 250 ml per day. His recommended fluid intake is ____ ml per day.
750
A client with nephrotic syndrome weighs 100 kg. The nurse will calculate that the client should take in how many grams of protein daily?
80 to 100
What percentage of kidney stones are found to contain calcium?
80-85%
Which laboratory value indicates that HIV has progressed to AIDS?
<200 cell/mL
The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with heart failure how to eat more nutritiously. Which information will the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
Avoid high-sodium foods. Observe fluid restrictions. Moderate or eliminate alcohol intake. Engage in physical activity as able.
When developing a teaching plan for a client on a low-fat diet, which food will the nurse advise the client to limit? Select all that apply.
Bakery foods Bacon Sausage
Which factor helps to maintain acid-base balance?
Bicarbonate
In addition to blood pressure and cholesterol, which other health factor is included in the American Heart Association's "Life's Simple 7" metrics for cardiovascular health?
Blood glucose
Which substance constitutes most kidney stones?
Calcium oxalate
Serum levels of potassium can become elevated due to which process?
Catabolism
A client understands that eating certain foods can increase the risk for developing cancer. Which food choice demonstrates to the nurse that the client has made an appropriate protein choice?
Chicken breast
Which dietary teaching will the nurse provide to a client recently diagnosed with heart failure? Select all that apply.
Choose fat-free and low-fat milk. Make food at home when possible Restrict use of sodium.
When caring for a client with elevated cholesterol, which recommendation will the nurse make to achieve normal LDL levels?
Consume the right amount of calories to achieve a normal BMI
A nurse is caring for a client with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. The nurse will assess for which complication?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
For clients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis, the nurse should emphasize which of the following nutrition guidelines?
Drink 1 litre of fluid plus amount of urine output daily
A client reports dry mouth after radiation treatment for head and neck cancer. What could the nurse recommend to help with the client's nutrition-related problems?
Drink fluids frequently."
Which symptom occurs only in later stages of chronic kidney disease?
Electrolyte imbalance
Which substance stimulates red blood cell production?
Erythropoietin
A client with congestive heart failure is being seen at the healthcare facility. To reduce her risk for complications, the client is instructed to follow a regular exercise program to reduce her weight. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
Excess body weight increases the risk of heart failure.
The nurse is teaching a client who wishes to lower fat intake. Which food choice will the nurse suggest?
Fat-free milk
Clients on peritoneal dialysis typically experience fewer problems with which condition compared to clients on hemodialysis?
Fluid retention
The nurse is caring for a client on hemodialysis who is following the Food Choice List regarding dietary restrictions. Which client choice reflects an understanding of the healthiest food to consume?
Frozen yogurt with blueberries
The nurse is providing nutritional education to a client with hypertension. What reason should the nurse give the client for including fruits and vegetables in the diet? Select all that apply.
Fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants. Fruits and vegetables lower the incidence of CHD. Fruits and vegetables lower the incidence of stroke. Fruits and vegetables improve blood pressure.
A client asks the nurse about nutrition practices that provide cardiometabolic benefits. Which teaching will the nurse provide?
Fruits and vegetables help to improve blood pressure, lipid levels, and weight control.
In a client with a nephrotic syndrome, which problem results from protein excretion in the urine?
Hypoalbuminemia
The nurse is teaching a client how to maximize the effects of a prescribed statin drug. Which information will the nurse provide? Select all that apply.
If overweight, attempt to lose weight Eliminate trans fat from the diet Greatly reduce intake of saturated fat Consume omega-3 fatty acids
A client with cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) says, "I can't follow nutrition recommendations because they are too difficult for me to understand." Which nursing response is appropriate?
Let's discuss where you are having difficulty and work on some modifications.
The nurse is collaborating with the health care provider on ways to increase the appetite and weight of a client with anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Which drug does the nurse anticipate the provider will prescribe?
Medroxyprogesterone
Which complication does the nurse anticipate is most likely in a patient with chronic kidney disease?
Metabolic acidosis
The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from heart failure in a hospital. Which of the following interventions should the nurse undertake? Select all that apply.
Monitor the client's input and output. Place the client on a low-sodium diet. Increase the client's intake of high-potassium foods. Ask family to bring food from home
Which subustance is produced from ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine?
Nitrogenous waste
The public health nurse is providing education at a community center about risk factors for type 2 diabetes. What predisposing factor for developing type 2 diabetes will the nurse discuss? Select all that apply.
Obesity History of gestational diabetes Previous diagnosis with prediabetes Hypertension
Vitamin D helps to maintain blood levels of which mineral? Select all that apply.
Phosphorus calcium
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by urinary losses of which of the following nutrients?
Plasma proteins
Which physiological process decreases in clients with cancer, leading to cachexia?
Production of muscle proteins in muscle cells
Which statement is true about HIV-related weight loss in people living with HIV (PLWH)?
Protein-energy malnutrition is a common problem in PLWH
The nurse is teaching a cliient with obesity how to decrease the risk for cancer. Which activity will the nurse discuss? Select all that apply.
Reducing alcohol intake Eating nutrient-dense sources of fiber Engaging in more physical activity
Which food safety teaching will the nurse provide to a client who just had a stem-cell transplant?
Refrigerate perishable food right after purchase upon arriving at home.