Exam 5 Climate

agricultural practices such as the use of fertilizers and burning fossil fuels

Nitrous Oxides

Light reactions products

O2, ATP, NADPH

Rank the following levels of biological organization, beginning with the least inclusive (smallest) at the top. 1. Biosphere 2.species 3. Ecosystem 4.community 5. organism 6. population

Organism, species, population, community, ecosystem and biosphere

Natural process and interaction of solar energy with pollutants in lower atmosphere

Ozone

Which minor greenhouse gas is formed by the interaction between solar energy and pollution in the atmosphere?

Ozone

The smallest unit of light that oscillates on a path called a wavelength is referred to as a(n)

Photon

Select all of the information you would use to summarize the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle. . 1. Photosynthesis adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. 2. Photosynthesis cannot add or remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. 3.Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make carbohydrates. 4. Photosynthesis is a natural process performed by autotrophs, including plants. 5. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Photosynthesis combines carbon dioxide, sunlight, and water to make carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is a natural process performed by autotrophs, including plants. Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Which statement best summarizes the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle? 1.Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle. 2.Photosynthesis is a plant process and does not play a role in the carbon cycle. 3. Photosynthesis adds carbon to the atmosphere during the carbon cycle.

Photosynthesis removes carbon from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle.

How might you summarize what happens during photosynthesis? 1. Plants capture energy from sunlight and use it to synthesize organic molecules. 2. Plants capture energy from sunlight and convert the energy into glucose. 3. Plants use energy from the sun to synthesize chlorophyll. 3. Plants convert glucose into oxygen.

Plants capture energy from sunlight and use it to synthesize organic molecules.

The four organic molecules that make up living organisms are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and

Proteins

Light reactions reactants

Solar energy and water

Where does nuclear energy come from?

Splitting the nucleus of an atom

best describes the role of fossil fuels in the carbon cycle?

The formation of fossil fuels stores carbon underground (adding to reservoirs) and burning them releases that carbon back into the atmosphere (a source of carbon).

pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis.

chlorophyll a chlorophyll b carotenoids

Which of these organelles is most closely associated with the process of photosynthesis?

chloroplasts

The typical pattern of evolution, including the pace of extinction events, is 1. disrupted by the current rate of climate change. 2. unaffected by the current rate of climate change. 3. slowed by the current rate of climate change.

disrupted by the current rate of climate change.

The impact of releasing stored ______ from the burning of fossil fuels is an increase in ______.

carbon; atmospheric carbon

There are three pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis: two forms of chlorophyll as well as

carotenoids.

Select all of the ways that carbon dioxide is produced. fires deforestation volcanos habitat conservation burning coal

fires deforestation volcanos burning coal

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM) are examples of which type of technology? 1. artificial intelligence 2. genetic engineering 3. bioengineering 4. geoengineering

geoengineering

Where does the first part of photosynthesis, the light reactions, take place?

in the thylakoid of a chloroplast

The wavelengths of light that are most important to the process of photosynthesis are

in the visible spectrum.

How is ocean PH reduced?

1. Carbon Dioxide dissolves in water 2. Carbonic Acid Forms 3. Hydrogen Concentration of the ocean increases 4. Ocean PH is decreased; the oceans are acidified

Process of the greenhouse effect

1. Energy from the sun strikes the earth 2. Solar energy absorbed by oceans and dark portions 3. Solar energy is gradually released back into the atmosphere as heat energy 4. The released energy is trapped by gases like water and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Which of these is part of the process by which oceans acidify? 1.Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. 2. Carbonic acid increases ocean pH. 3. Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form bicarbonate.

Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid.

Which of these molecules serves as an energy carrier for a cell? 1. NADPH 2. G3P 3. NADH 4. ATP

ATP

Why does the greenhouse effect impact temperatures in the lower atmosphere and on Earth's surface the most? 1. Because water vapor and carbon dioxide are usually found in the lower atmosphere and close to the surface 2. Because every surface on earth absorbs solar energy. 3. Because this is where the highest concentration of living things are.

Because water vapor and carbon dioxide are usually found in the lower atmosphere and close to the surface

Choose the best description of the impact of climate change on the community level of biology. 1. Biological communities are resilient enough that they can quickly adapt to climate change, so it is encouraging their evolution into more robust species and groups of species. 2. Biological communities need climate change so that species within their communities can continue to evolve. 3. Biological communities are linked to one another, so even minor changes within a community can have major effects.

Biological communities are linked to one another, so even minor changes within a community can have major effects.

Similar types of ecosystems are called

Biome

Calvin cycles main reactants

CO2, ATP, NADPH

Calvin cycles main Products

Carbohydrates, ADP , NADP

Which best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle? 1.Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources. 2. Carbon moves from living to nonliving reservoirs in a cycle. 3. Living organisms both add carbon dioxide to and remove it from the environment in a cycle.

Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.

Which best describes the principles of the global carbon cycle? . 1. Carbon moves from living to nonliving reservoirs in a cycle. 2. Living organisms both add carbon dioxide to and remove it from the environment in a cycle. 3. Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.

Carbon naturally cycles between nonliving reservoirs called sinks and living organisms called sources.

Which of these is part of the process by which oceans acidify? 1. Carbonic acid adds hydroxide ions, increasing pH. 2. Carbonic acid removes hydrogen ions from the ocean, lowering pH. 3. Carbonic acid adds hydrogen ions to the ocean, lowering pH. 4. Carbonic acid removes hydroxide ions, increasing pH.

Carbonic acid adds hydrogen ions to the ocean, lowering pH.

Which of these describes how climate change is impacting the community level of biology? 1. Climate change has no measurable effects on invasive species. 2. Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities. 3. Climate change has prevented the success of invasive species, protecting native communities.

Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities.

Which of these describes how climate change is impacting the community level of biology? 1. Climate change has prevented the success of invasive species, protecting native communities. 2. Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities. 3. Climate change has no measurable effects on invasive species.

Climate change has promoted the success of invasive species, which ripples out into the native communities.

CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)

Compounds used in refrigerants and to make spray propellants

Across the planet, coral reefs are dying due to a phenomenon called coral

Coral Bleaching

What is the relationship between photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the carbon cycle?

During the carbon cycle, carbon is released into the atmosphere by living organisms through cellular respiration and removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis.

Select the evidence that climate change has altered weather patterns. 1. Extreme precipitation events and droughts have increased 2. Average precipitation has decreased by 4% regionally 3. Average temperatures have risen 1.2-1.8 degrees in the last 50 years 4. Average precipitation has increased by 4% regionally 5. Rates of regional heat waves are increasing 6. Tornados have become more frequent

Extreme precipitation events and droughts have increased Average temperatures have risen 1.2-1.8 degrees in the last 50 years Average precipitation has increased by 4% regionally Rates of regional heat waves are increasing

Select the impacts of ocean acidification. 1. Shellfish build enhanced calcified shells 2. Fish populations are less able to reproduce 3. Reduction in zooplankton, one source of food for fish 4. Fish are less susceptible to disease in acidic oceans

Fish populations are less able to reproduce Reduction in zooplankton, one source of food for fish

Which of these is the primary characteristic that distinguishes global warming from climate change? . 1. Global warming is concerned primarily with the surface temperatures of the earth. 2. There is no distinguishing between the two: these terms mean the same thing. 3. Global warming concerns temperatures and precipitation. 4. Climate change has caused tornadoes and hurricanes.

Global warming is concerned primarily with the surface temperatures of the earth.

Which scenarios describe the impact of climate change on global ecosystems? 1. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced. 2. The range of insects capable of spreading diseases expands and contracts depending on temperatures. 3. Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands. 4. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching

Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced. Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching

How would you describe the impact of climate change, globally? 1. Greenhouse gases and their effects impact the entire planet, reaching every biome on Earth. 2. Most biomes are resilient enough to withstand climate change because of the adaptability of the communities that inhabit them. 3. The reach of climate change is limited to coastal land and tropical areas near the equator.

Greenhouse gases and their effects impact the entire planet, reaching every biome on Earth.

A temporary storage location for heat energy is called a

Heat Sink

Light Reactions occurs

In Thylakoid within chloroplast

Which scenarios describe the impact of climate change on global ecosystems? 1. The range of insects capable of spreading diseases expands and contracts depending on temperatures. 2. Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching 3. Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands. 4. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced.

Increased temperatures cause a breakdown of symbiotic relationships with algae, creating a phenomenon called coral bleaching Poorly managed agricultural practices like cattle farming convert grasslands into desert wastelands. Grasslands are converted to deserts as they are cleared, temperatures rise, and precipitation is reduced.

During photosynthesis, ATP and ______are used for their energy and then recycled.

NADPH

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? 1. The inputs for photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, while the outputs of photosynthesis (carbohydrates and oxygen) are the inputs for cellular respiration. 2. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related because they are both ways that carbon is released into the atmosphere during the carbon cycle. 3. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are related because they are both ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere during the carbon cycle. 4. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both part of a metabolic pathway in plants that produces energy.

The inputs for photosynthesis (carbon dioxide and water) are the outputs of cellular respiration, while the outputs of photosynthesis (carbohydrates and oxygen) are the inputs for cellular respiration.

Which of these provides an explanation for the seasons on earth? 1. the distance of the earth from the sun creates days of differing lengths 2. the topography of different regions of the planet varies 3. the tilt of the earth on its axis along with its orbit around the sun

The tilt of the earth on its axis along with its orbit around the sun

Which of these best summarizes the evidence that the climate of the planet is changing? 1. Weather events like tornados and hurricanes provide evidence that the climate of the planet is changing. 2. The increase in sea ice and snow coverage, as well as decreased sea levels provide evidence that the climate of our planet is changing. 3. There is evidence that the climate of our planet is changing in the form of increases in extreme weather events, rising temperatures over land, and decreased snow and ice coverage.

There is evidence that the climate of our planet is changing in the form of increases in extreme weather events, rising temperatures over land, and decreased snow and ice coverage.

Which of the following describes the principal role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle? 1. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars. 2. Using energy from the sun, plants convert sugars into kinetic energy. 3. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the soil into chemical energy of sugars. 4. Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into kinetic energy.

Using energy from the sun, plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into chemical energy of sugars.

Natural processes associated with biogeochemical cycle known as the water cycle

Water Vapor

Which minor greenhouse gas is produced as a natural part of a biogeochemical cycle on earth? 1. CFCs 2. ozone 3. water vapor 4. nitrous oxides

Water Vapor

The distribution of the world's biomes follows a pattern based on

average temperature and precipitation in a region

The wavelengths of light that are most important for the process of photosynthesis are 1. between 380 and 740 nanometers, in the visible spectrum. 2. between 500 and 1000 nanometers, including infrared and microwaves. 3. between 1 and 350 nanometers, including x-rays.

between 380 and 740 nanometers, in the visible spectrum.

The purpose of the light reactions is to

capture solar energy and transfer it to high-energy molecules.

The four organic molecules that make up living organisms are

carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins

Which of the following are classified as greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? 1. carbon dioxide 2. chlorofluorocarbons 3. nitrous oxide 4. oxygen

carbon dioxide chlorofluorocarbons nitrous oxide

Which chemical reaction written in words is a summary of photosynthesis?

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → carbohydrate + oxygen

two stages of photosynthesis

light reactions and calvin cycle

Which of these organelles is most closely associated with the process of cellular respiration?

mitochondria

In general, an ecosystem includes __. 1. organisms and nonliving factors in their environment 2. the nonliving factors that support life 3. all organisms in an area

organisms and nonliving factors in their environment

During the light reactions, a photosynthetic organism is able to use

pigments to absorb solar energy.

During the light reactions, a photosynthetic organism is able to use 1. photons to move energy within cells. 2. water to trap energy. 3. pigments to absorb solar energy.

pigments to absorb solar energy.

Outputs for photosynthesis

products Oxygen Carbohydrates (sugar)

Select the examples of invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function. 1. rats carry disease and kill native birds 2. gypsy moths outcompete native species 3. zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction 4. mosquitos are now found much farther north in the United States

rats carry disease and kill native birds gypsy moths outcompete native species zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction

inputs for photosynthesis

reactants Solar energy Water Carbon dioxide

Select the sources of geothermal energy. 1. anywhere on Earth 2. reservoirs of heated water 3. heat generated by the earth 4. locations with significant tectonic or volcanic activity

reservoirs of heated water heat generated by the earth locations with significant tectonic or volcanic activity

Acidification, or reduced ocean pH, has effects on the formation of crab, lobster, and clam shells, which 1. ripples out into the entire food chain. 2. has no effect on unshelled animals. 3. results in fish kills.

ripples out into the entire food chain.

A biological vector is 1. an organism used to predict the effects of climate change. 2. something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another. 3. one of the consequences of climate change, caused by temperature increase.

something that moves an infectious agent from one organism to another.

Calvin cycle occurs where

stroma

Scientists link the ability of invasive species to survive new environments to their ability to tolerate change, particularly with respect to 1. changes in available vegetation. 2. loss of habitat. 3. temperature and precipitation ranges.

temperature and precipitation ranges.

Which of these ecological phenomena warms the planet, making the planet liveable, as gases in the atmosphere trap heat energy? 1. global warming 2. climate change 3. the greenhouse effect

the greenhouse effect

A fossil fuel is an energy source made from 1. processed fossilized bones 2. living organisms using a method similar to the natural process of fossilization 3. the remains of organisms from long ago

the remains of organisms from long ago

Climate change has the potential to increase human exposure to certain diseases, such as those carried by ticks and mosquitoes, also known as ______ diseases. This is because warming temperatures allow for an expanded range for these insects 1.vector-borne 2. invasive 3. pandemic 4. retroviral

vector-borne

Select all that apply. Temperatures on earth's surface and the lower atmosphere are affected most by the greenhouse effect because 1. water vapor is usually found close to the surface. 2.nitrous oxides are found close to the surface. 3. carbon dioxide is usually found close to the surface. 4. methane is found close to the surface.

water vapor is usually found close to the surface. carbon dioxide is usually found close to the surface.

The light from the sun has both a _________and a particle nature

wave

invasive species disrupting community and ecosystem function.

zebra mussels have driven native mussel species near to extinction rats carry disease and kill native birds gypsy moths outcompete native species