Exam 5 Hematology

How does aspirin effectively reduce the risk of blood clots?

It blocks the enzyme cyclooxyrgenase which stops activation of platelets

What is the major regulator of platelet development?

TPO

Which of the following are considered platelet activators?

ADP, Ca2+, Mg2+

which of the following cells produce ECF-A, a factor that regulates the rate of egression from blood to tissue?

Basophils and Mast cells

What is the key difference in Basophil development and mast cell development

Basophils develop in bone marrow

Which of the following is TRUE about basophils and mast cells

Basophils develop in the bone marrow; mast cells develop in the bone marrow and tissue

Which of the following is false in regards to basophils?

Basophils make up about 2% of circulating leukocytes in peripheral blood

Which of the following statements are true regarding basophils and mast cells? Select all options that are true.

Basophils mature in the bone marrow while the mast cells mature in tissues, both produce IL-4 and basophils and Mast cells are effector cells for allergy and parasitic diseases, basophils have a much shorter life-span than do mast cells.

What is the smallest N number a megakaryocyte needs to have in order to start producing platelets under normal conditions.

8N-16N

What is the average lifespan of a platelet?

9-12 days

A patient with a high count of band cells is likely suffering from:

A severe infection

All of the following are true about endomitosis except:

results in polynucleated cell

Which factor is not a chemotaxins associated with basophil granules?

parasitic chemotactic factor

All of the following are true of Charcot-Leyden crystals except for:

Can be found in urine of patients with intestinal parasites

von Willebrand factor binds to which glycoprotein?

GP Ib

Which of the following facilitates inter-platelet aggregation?

GPIIb/IIIa

The following pair of receptor/ligands are found to adhere ("glue") platelets together in primary plug formation:

GPIIb/IIIa : Fibrinogen

Which of the following correctly pairs the glycoprotein with what it binds to?

GPIa/IIa : collagen

Thrombopoietin (TPO) regulates and mediates the differentiation of a hematopoietic stem cell to functional thrombocytes through thrombopoiesis. Which series of events shows the pathway from HSC to thrombocyte?

HSC to CFU-GEMM to CFU-MEG to Megakaryoblast to megakaryocytes to increase in cell diameter mediated by endomitosis to polyploid cell tp protoplatelet formation with microtubules in sinusoid-lined endothelial cells to fully functional platelets/thrombocytes

What percentage of Eosinophils are found in normal peripheral blood?

1-5%

Excessive fibrinolysis, or the final factor of coagulation, prior to the healing of a wound, can lead to which of the following:

Bleeding

What might happen if ONLY primary hemostasis occurs in response to vascular injury?

Bleeding stops but only for a short period of time

Basophils develop in ______ and Mast cells develop in ______.

Bone marrow and tissue

How are mast cells and basophils similar?

Both activate and degranulate via Fc-Receptor binding of IgE

All of these are used by secondary eosinophilic granules except

Charcot - Leyden Crystal Protein

Which of the following are indicative of disease involving eosinophilic inflammation?

Charcot - Leyden Crystals

Which of these is NOT found in Eosinophil Specific/Secondary granules?

Charcot-Leyden crystal proteins

Where are Langerhans cells located?

Dermis

A group of cells is isolated in the laboratory. The cells have membrane-bound granules in their cytoplasm, and they show phagocytic activity. Which of the following cells is most similar?

Eosinophil

Which eosinophilic granule stimulates histamine release from basophils and mast cells?

Eosinophil cationic protein

Which of the following is NOT a protein found in eosinophilic granules?

Eosinophil oxygenase

What type of wbc would most likely be found in a parasitic infection?

Eosinophil, basophils, mast cell, or macrophage

What I the first maturation phase that can be identified as eosinophilic under a light microscope?

Eosinophilic myelocyte

What leukocyte is primarily involved in killing parasites?

Eosinophils

Which statement is correct about the prevalence of cell types in the peripheral blood?

Eosinophils typically make up 1 - 5% of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood; Basophils typically make up 0.5 - 1.5% of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood; Monocytes make up 2 - 10% of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.

If someone had an Eosinophil count of 5x10^8/liter they would be considered?

Eosiophilia

Which transmembrane receptors activate platelets? Select all that apply

Epinephrine, Thromboxane A2, ADP

Which procedure is Thromboplastin most sensitive to?

Factor VII deficiencies

What type of protein, enzyme or chemokine would you NOT expect to find preset in an eosinophil specific secondary granule?

Histamine

Basophils and Mast cells have IgE receptors. When these receptors are activated, what chemicals are released that induce allergy symptoms? (Select all that apply)

Histamine and Heparine

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction upon exposure to allergen. Which type of antibody is produced in large amounts attached to mast cells and basophils?

IgE

Where is Thrombopoietin produced? (Select all that apply)

Kidney, Liver

Name all the monocytes types for liver: dermis: brain: lung: granulolous:

Kuffler, microglial, alveolar, langerhans, and giant

Megakaryocytes undergo a similar form of mitosis called endomitosis; however, in endomitosis neither cell division nor nuclear division occur. Which of the following phases does does endomitosis skip? (Select all that apply).

Late anaphase and cytokinesis

Which of the following statements is typically true regarding monocytes and macrophages?

Macrophages are usually tissue bound whereas monocytes are often found moving freely through the blood.

What is the function of eosinophil peroxidase?

Makes hydrogen peroxide and potent killer of parasites and bacteria

This cell is polyploid and among the largest cell in the body.

Megakaryocyte

Which of the following cells can be polyploid?

Megakaryocyte

Which of the following macrophage names are correctly paired with its location in body tissues? i.e. Langerhans cells: dermis

Microglial cell: brain

Which of the following statements regarding mast cells is false?

Mostly found in peripheral blood

Prothrombin Time reagent contains all of the following except:

Na+

Where do Megakaryocytes like to cluster?

Next to venous sinusoid cells at the abluminal surface of BM

A preteen patient presents with an enlarged liver and spleen, and after further testing, is found to have a sphingomyelinase deficiency. Which disease could this patient be diagnosed with?

Niemann-Pick disease

A patient presents with eosinophil count of 77x10^8 cells/liter, what is most likely true of this patient?

Patient is a newborn

A lack of platelet numbers or functions leads to which of the following blood disorders?

Petechia, nose bleeds

Hemostasis involves the interaction of what processes? Select all that apply

Platelet aggregation, activation of coagulation enzymes, and Vasoconstriction

Patients with megakaryocytes that have ineffective microtubule formation would present with thrombocytopenia due to what?

Problem forming protoplatelets

Thrombopoeisis uses what process to pierce the sinusoid lined endothelial cells into the venous sinus?

Proplatlets (pseudopod)

Which of the following is incorrect about Eosinophils?

Reside in the subepithelium of tissues, form granules starting at the promyelocyte stage that fight against parasites, act on extracellular targets, stimulate CD4+ T cells in the paratracheal lymph nodes.

What function does eosinophil cationic protein carry out in eosinophil specific granules?

Stimulates histamine release from basophils and mast cells

Immediately following injury to the blood vessel wall, damaged endothelial cells expose what proteins to trigger platelet adhesion?

Subendothelial Collagen, von Willebrand Factor

Which of the following is a true statement about Mast cells?

Surface antigen similar to macrophages

Which of the following ONLY affect a megakaryocyte.

TPO

What are key characteristics of TPO? Select all that apply

TPO works in synergy with IL-3, 6, 7, 11 and TPO promotes endomitosis

Which of the following are regulators of platelet development?

TPO, IL-3, IL-6, IL-7, IL-11

Which of the following does NOT related to megakaryocyte undergoing endomitosis?

Takes 7 days to complete

Why are eosinophils so important in allergy response?

The cationic protein granule in eosinophils triggers basophil activation which triggers allergy response upon degranulation

Basophils and mast cells are similar in that:

They are effector cells for allergy and bacterial infections

What factors activate platelets through 7 transmembrane receptors?

Thrombin, Epinephrine, ADP, Thromboxane A2

What key factor initiates endomitosis?

Thrombopoietin

Which of the following is NOT a control protein of coagulation?

Tissue Factor (Factor III)

Which of the following processes happen first during hemostasis?

Vasoconstriction

Which is false about eosinophils?

they act as antigen presenting cells