Exam 5- Module 43

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.

"learner"; experimenter

In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were LEAST likely to deliver the highest levels of shock when the:

"teachers" observed other participants refuse to obey the experimenter's orders.

In the original Milgram obedience experiment, men aged 20 to 50 had complied fully ________ percent of the time.

63

His obedience experiments at Yale University are some of the most famous and involved deception.

Milgram

_____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, whereas _____________ result(s) from a person's willingness to accept other's opinions about reality.

Normative social influence; informational social influence

Dr. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. She will set up a learning laboratory, and have participants deliver loud blasts of sound as punishment for incorrect answers (given by a confederate of the researcher). How can Dr. Yen increase the likelihood of the participants' obedience?

She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university.

In the Milgram experiments, the level of obedience was highest when the "teacher" was __________ the experimenter and __________ the "learner."

close to; far from

Mark obeyed the commands of his military unit officer to engage in destructive behavior that was sharply inconsistent with Mark's ethical values. The discomfort associated with Mark's awareness of the inconsistency between his values and his actions best illustrates:

cognitive dissonance

When we adjust our own behavior or thinking so that it coincides with a group standard, we are exhibiting:

conformity

Researches find that conformity to the group increases when all of the following occur EXCEPT

one is made to feel secure

The fundamental attribution error best illustrates that we may often underestimate the importance of

social control

At her health club, Bonnie pedals an exercise bike much faster when other patrons are using nearby equipment. This best illustrates:

social facilitation

Lars is an excellent violinist. In front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. This is most likely due to:

social facilitation

The local basketball team seems to perform better in front of the home audience on their home court. This best illustrates:

social facilitation

In 1942, German reserve police officers obeyed orders to kill some 1500 Jews in the village of Jozefow, Poland. This incident illustrated that people are most likely to be destructively obedient when:

they perceive their orders to come from legitimate authority figures.

Your sister-in-law always has a smile on her face and a joke to tell. The moment she walks into your house you start smiling, even before she says something funny. This is caused by:

All of these things cause you to start smiling.

In Asch's conformity experiments, researchers find that conformity to the group increases when:

All of these things will increase conformity to the group.

While Thomas disagrees with his boss, he laughs at the joke anyway to gain her approval. Thomas' behavior illustrates:

normative social influence

_____________ result(s) from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.

normative social influence

The students at the University charged the field after the game in response to their team's loss. They vandalized the opposing team's field and the police had to be called in. This behavior is best understood in terms of:

deindividuation.

When the participants in Milgram's study were later surveyed about taking part in the researc, most reported that they

did not regret aking part in the experiment

Alexandra is well liked by her friends. When you watch her, you can see that she mimics her friends' gestures and seems to match their moods. Chartrand would suggest that this automatic mimicry is a component of:

empathy

A group of racially prejudiced high school students discussed racial issues. During the conversation, their attitudes became even more prejudiced. This best illustrates:

group polarizatioin

By providing prospective terrorists with electronic chat rooms for interfacing online with others who share their attitudes, the Internet most likely serves as a medium for:

group polarization

You are the expert on psychometrics and assessment; however, three of the clinicians disagree on your choice of scales. You decide to change your opinion for the good of the group. This best illustrates:

groupthink

Groupthink is fueled by a desire for

harmoney

In a study on social loafing, blindfolded students were asked to pull on a rope as hard as they could. The students pulled hardest when they thought:

no others were pulling with them

A culture that promotes individualism is most likely to encourage

nonconformity

In making wedding preparations, Jason conforms to the expectations of his future bride's family, simply to win their favor. His behavior illustrates the importance of:

normative social influence