Exam 5 review

Free Rider

Refers to a team member who attains benefits from team membership but does not actively participate in and contribute to the team's work.

Conflict

Refers to antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to block the intentions or goals of another.

Self-managed Teams

Typically consist of 5 to 20 multi-skilled workers who rotate jobs to produce an entire product or service or at least one complete aspect or portion of a product or service.

Formal Communication

Upward communication, downward communication, horizontal communication.

Quality Circle

6-12 volunteers who meet regularly to solve problems affecting quality of their work

Integrative Negotiation

A collaborative approach that is based on a win-win assumption, whereby the parties want to come up with a creative solution that benefits both sides of the conflict.

Distributive Negotiation

A competitive and adversarial approach in which each party strives to get as much as it can, usually at the expense of the other party.

Negotiation

A conflict management strategy whereby people engage in give-and-take discussions and consider various alternatives to reach a joint decision that is acceptable to both parties.

Virtual Team

A group made up of geographically or organizationally dispersed members who are linked primarily through advanced information and telecommunications technologies.

Feedback

A response by the recieverto the sender's communication

Liability Ratio

Ability to meet current debt obligations

Centralized Network

Communication structure in which the team communicate through a single memebe

Balanced scorecard

Comprehensive management control system that balances traditional financial measures with measures of customer service, internal business processes, and the organizations capacity for learning and growth

Task Conflict

Conflict that results from disagreements about the goals to be achieved or the content of the tasks to be performed.

Storming

Conflict, disagreement.

Benchmarking

Continuous process of measuring products, services, and practices

Performing

Cooperation, problem solving

Zero-based Budgeting

Decision making that requires complete justification for every line item in a budget

Total Quality Management

Effort to infuse quality into every activity through continuous improvement

Six Sigma

Emphasizes relentless pursuit of higher quality and lower costs

Norming

Establishment of order and cohesion.

Cash Budget

Estimates receipts and expenditures of money on a daily or weekly basis

Personal communication channels

Exist outside the formally authorized channels. they coexist with formal channels but may skip heirarchial levels, cutting across vertical chains of command to connect virtually anyone in the organization. Three types of informal channels used in many organizations are personal networks, the grapevine, and written communication

Income Statement

Financial performance for a given time interval

Revenue Budget

Forecasted and actual revenues

Decentralized Control

Fosters compliance through group norms, goals, and organizational culture

Corporate Governance

Framework of systems, rules, and practices by which an organization ensures accountability, fairness and transparency in firms relationship with stakeholders.

Upward Communication

Includes messages that flow from the lower levels to the higher levels in the organization. Employees need to air grievances, report progress, and provide feedback to management.

Written Communication Skills

Increasingly important in today's collaborative workplace. Managers who are unable to communicate in writing will limit their opportunities for advancement. managers can improve their writing skills by following the following guidelines: respect the reader, know your point and get to it, write clearly rather than impressively, get a second opinion.

Activity Ratio

Internal performance with respect to key activities defined by management

ISO 9000 Standards

International consensus of what constitutes effective quality management as outlined by ISO

Global Team

Is a cross-border team made up of members of different nationalities whose activities span multiple countries.

Continuous Improvement

Large number of small improvements in all areas on an ongoing basis

Bottom-up Budgeting

Lower-level managers anticipating budget needs and passing them up

Quality Partnering

dedicated personnel of particular functional area to identify opportunities for improvement

Personal networking

refers to personal relationships that cross departmental, heirarchial, and organizational boundaries. Tips from one networking expert include: Build it before you need it. Never eat lunch alone. Make it win-win. Focus on diversity.

Open communication

sharing all types of information throughout the company, across functional and hierarchial boundaries

Strategic conversations

talking across boundaries and hierarchial levels about the team or organization vision, critical strategic themes, and the values that help achieve important goals

Communication

the process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people

Message

the tangible formulation of an idea to be sent to be the receiver

Encode

to select symbols with which to compose a message

Decode

to translate the symbols used in a message for the purpose of interpreting its meaning

Profitability Ratio

Profits relative to a source of profits such as sales or assets

Open-book Management

Allows employees to see financial condition of organization

Team Norm

An informal standard of conduct that is shared by team members and guides their behavior.

Grapevine

An informal, person-to-person communication network of employees that is not officially sanctioned by the organization. The grapevine links employees, at all levels, in all directions. The grapevine will always exist in an organization and tends to be more active during times of change, excitement, anxiety, or sagging economic conditions. About 80% of grapevine communications pertain to organization-related topics, and 70 to 90% of the messages in the grapevine are accurate. Smart managers understand the company's grapevine. They recognize who's connected to whom and which employees are key players in the informal spread of information.

Top-down budgeting

Budgeted amounts imposed on middle and lower-level managers

Hierarchial Control

Monitoring employees through extensive use of rules and policies

Responsibility Center

Organizational department under the supervision of a single person who is responsible for its activity

Forming

Orientation, breaking the ice

Expense Budget

Outlines anticipated and actual expenses

Capital Budget

Plans and reports investments in major areas

Downward Communication

Refers to messages and information sent from top managers to subordinates in a downward direction. Common methods of downward communication include speeches, videos, blogs, podcasts, and company intranets. The major problem with downward communication is information drop-off, the distortion or loss of message content. Information drop-off can be reduced by using the right communication channel, consistency between verbal and nonverbal messages, and active listening.

Relationship Conflict

Results from interpersonal incompatibility that creates tension and personal animosity among people.

Balance sheet

Shows financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at a specific time

Task Specialist Role

Spending time and energy helping the team reach its goal.

Socioemotional Role

Support team members' emotional needs and helping strengthen the social entity.

Organizational Control

Systematic process through which managers regulate organizational activities to meet planned goals and standards of performance

Adjourning

Task completion.

The hierarchy of channel richness

The amount of information that can be transmitted during a communication episode.

Channel

The carrier of the information

Team Cohesiveness

The extent to which members are attracted to the team and motivated to remain in it.

Horizontal Communication

The lateral or diagonal exchange of messages across peers or co-workers. The purposes of horizontal communication are to inform, to request support, and to coordinate activities. Horizontal communication is particularly important in learning organizations, where teams of workers are continuously solving problems and searching for new ways of doing things.