Exam I 201

In a team approach to patient care, various participants 1. assume responsibility for their areas of expertise. 2. emphasize the importance of communication throughout the team 3. rotate as the person in charge of the team

1 and 2

Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a specific x-ray procedure difficult to answer? 1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure 2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a patient 3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose

1 and 2

Which of the following are forms of electromagnetic radiation? 1. Microwaves 2. Visible light 3. X-rays 4. Gamma rays 5. Ultraviolet radiation

1, 2, 3, 4, and 5

Diagnostic efficacy includes 1. determining if an imaging procedure is justified. 2. obtaining images with minimal radiation exposure. 3. adhering to radiation safety guidelines. 4. revealing the presence or absence of disease in a patient.

1, 2, 3, and 4

Effective protective measures take into consideration 1. both human and environmental physical determinants. 2. technical elements. 3. procedural factors.

1, 2, and 3

The advantages of the BERT method are 1. it does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison. 2. it emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of our environment. 3. it provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.

1, 2, and 3

The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following? 1. Time 2. Distance 3. Shielding

1, 2, and 3

Through which of the following routes can radon enter houses? 1. Crawl spaces under living areas 2. Floor drains and sump pumps 3. Porous cement block foundations

1, 2, ans 3

Cosmic radiation occurs in which two forms? a. Solar and galactic b. Natural background and artificial c. Solar and manmade d. Artificial and galactic

A

Terrestrial radiation includes which of the following sources? a. Long-lived radioactive elements such as uranium-238, radium-226, and thorium-232 that are present in variable quantities in the crust of the earth b. The sun and beyond the solar system c. Airport surveillance systems and electron microscopes d. Radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons tests in which detonation occurred above ground

A

Typically, people are more willing to accept a risk if they perceive that the potential benefit to be obtained is a. greater than the risk involved. b. equal to the risk involved. C. typically, people are not willing to accept risk no matter how great the benefit may be. d. less than the risk involved.

A

Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA? a. Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level below which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease. b. Because radiation-induced cancer does have a dose level at which individuals would have a chance of developing this disease. C. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety. d. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accept responsibility for patient radiation safety.

A

X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation? a. lonizing b. Nonionizing c. Internal d. Environmental

A

If ionizing radiation from natural sources grows larger because of accidental or deliberate human actions such as mining radioactive elements, the sources are termed a. artificial sources. b. enhanced natural sources. c. manmade sources. d extraterrestrial sources.

B

What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Units? a Milligray b. Coulomb per kilogram c. Millisievert d. Sievert

B

Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charged particles V by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it passes? A.Nonionizing radiation b. lonizing radiation c. Subatomic radiation d. Ultrasonic radiation

B

Which of the following provides the basis for determining whether an imaging procedure or practice is justified? a. BERT method b. Diagnostic efficacy c. ALARA concept d. NEXT program

B

As a result of technologic advances since the 1970s and strict regulations imposed within the United States by the FDA regarding consumer products containing radioactive material, the radiation exposure of the general public from such produces may now be considered a. very slight. b. moderate. c. negligible. d. substantial,.

C

In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the hospital administration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and maintenance of the ALARA program? a Assistant administrator of the facility b. Student radiologic technologist c. Radiation Safety Officer d. Chief of staff

C

Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the medical benefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to A. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biologic damage. b. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobia they may have. C. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of possible biologic damage. d. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a small chance of biologic damage.

C

The millisievert (mSv) is equal to a 1/10,000 of a sievert. b. 1/10 of a sievert. C. 1/1000 of a sievert. d. 1/100 of a sievert.

C

Which of the following is considered by the EPA to be the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States? a. Annual PA and lateral chest radiographic images b. A fluoroscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract c. Radon exposure d. Cosmic ray exposure

C

Which of the following statements below is true? a. The NEXT program and reference values establish a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy. B. The BERT method establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy. C. It appears that no safe dose level exists for radiation-induced malignant disease. d. The ALARA principle establishes a dose level for radiation-induced malignancy.

C

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that action be taken to reduce elevated levels of radon in homes to a concentration less than a. 47 pCi/L. b. 200 pCi/L. c. 135 pCi/L. d. 4 pCi/L.

D

The term as low as reasonable achievable (ALARA) is synonymous with the term a. diagnostic efficacy. b. equivalent dose (EqD). c. background equivalent radiation time (BERT). d. optimization for radiation protection (ORP).

D

Which of the following is a method of explaining radiation to the public? a. NEXT b. ORP c. ALARA d. BERT

D

Which of the following radiation quantities is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation? a. Absorbed dose b. Exposure C. There is no radiation quantity that is intended to be the best overall measure of the biologic effects of ionizing radiation. d. Effective dose

D

Consequences of ionization in human cells include 1. creation of unstable atoms. 2. production of free electrons. 3. creation of highly reactive free radicals capable of producing substances poisonous to the 4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell. 5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.

c. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5