Exam Management 100

Which of the following is the location of most authority at the upper levels of an organization?

Centralization of authority

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the crisis stage?

Companies lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.

Which of the following approaches to innovation assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation?

Compression

A team for a company's project is composed of a creative director, a copy writer, a data analyst, a media and digital specialist, and an artist. This is an example of which type of team?

Cross-functional

Which of the following is a declining stage when teams are not effectively managed?

De-forming

The store managers of Chimbake, a chain of bakeries, are allowed to come up with new dessert flavors of their choice as long as they do not fall short of the company's quality standards. They are also allowed to come up with effective marketing strategies based on their respective market requirements. In the context of organizational authority, which of the following is best illustrated in this scenario?

Decentralization of authority

In what type of organization are workers closest to problems authorized to make the decisions necessary to solve the problems on their own?

Decentralized

Identify a difference between the crisis stage and the dissolution stage of organizational decline.

Decline is reversible at the crisis stage, whereas it is irreversible at the dissolution stage.

Which of the following is a method of subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that take responsibility for completing particular tasks?

Departmentalization

Which of the following can lead to changes in organizational processes because meaning, competence, impact, and self-determination produce empowered employees who take active rather than passive roles in their work?

Empowerment

Which of the following is a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you are doing and time seems to pass quickly?

Flow

A team of scientists and dentists collaborates to develop a toothpaste that can instantly whiten teeth. A meeting is held so that the team members are acquainted with each other. The members formally introduce themselves and collectively establish group norms. This group is in which stage of team development?

Forming

In the context of organizational structures, which of the following forms of departmentalization lowers costs by reducing duplication?

Functional departmentalization

Which of the following is the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts?

Giving rewards that are dependent on team performance

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a large team?

In a large team, team members find it difficult to get to know one another.

In the context of reengineering, which of the following is a difference between sequential interdependence and reciprocal interdependence?

In sequential interdependence, work is performed in succession because one group's or job's outputs become the inputs for the next group or job, whereas in reciprocal interdependence, different jobs or groups work together in a back-and-forth manner to complete a process.

In the context of the stages of organizational decline, which of the following is a difference between the faulty action stage and the crisis stage?

In the faulty action stage, management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits, whereas in the crisis stage, bankruptcy or dissolution is likely to occur unless the company completely reorganizes the way it does business.

As organizational performance problems become more visible, management may recognize the need to change but still take no measures in which of the following stages of organization decline?

Inaction stage

Which of the following is an advantage of matrix departmentalization?

It allows companies to manage large, complex tasks in an efficient manner.

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization?

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

Which of the following statements is true of resistance to change?

It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

Which of the following best defines an interorganizational process?

It is a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value.

Which of the following best defines an incremental change?

It is a phase in which companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of a dominant design.

Which of the following best defines the General Electric fastworks approach?

It is a special kind of results-driven change that helps companies to improve results in an uncertain business environment by quickly experimenting with new ideas to solve customer problems.

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following statements best defines a staff function?

It is an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

Which of the following best defines delegation of authority?

It is the assignment of direct responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

Which of the following best defines results-driven change?

It is the change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of outcomes.

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following best defines staff authority?

It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

Which of the following statements is true of affective conflict?

It relates to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

Which of the following statements is true of the experiential approach to innovation?

It uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning

Which of the following is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes?

Job characteristics model

In the context of job design, which of the following allows companies to retain the economic benefits of specialized work because employees simply switch from one specialized job to another?

Job rotation

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the blinded stage?

Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations.

The primary disadvantage of which of the following types of departmentalization is the high level of coordination required to manage ongoing projects?

Matrix

In the context of intraorganizational processes, which of the following organizations are characterized by precisely defined, unchanging roles and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication?

Mechanistic

In the context of organizational environments, which of the following is a difference between mechanistic organizations and organic organizations?

Mechanistic organizations work best in stable, unchanging business environments, whereas organic organizations work best in dynamic, changing business environments.

Which of the following statements is true?

More companies are likely to go out of business in a time of discontinuous change and changing standards than in an economic recession or slowdown.

Which of the following statements is true of team compensation?

Nonfinancial awards tend to be most effective when teams or team-based interventions are first introduced.

In which stage of team development will team members have accepted team goals, be operating as a unit, and, as indicated by the increase in performance, be working together effectively?

Norming

All the members of the sales team at Orokem are friendly with each other and enjoy working together. The team members feel equally responsible for the successes and failures of the team. The members of Orokem's sales team are in which stage of team development?

Performing

Which of the following support(s) the status quo, that is, the existing conditions in an organization?

Resistance forces

Nearly all technology cycles follow what pattern of innovation?

S-curve

Which of the following is a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources directly?

Simple matrix

In the context of the job characteristics model, which of the following is the number of different activities performed in a job?

Skill variety

Which of the following programs pays employees for learning additional skills or knowledge?

Skill-based pay

Which of the following is an activity that does not directly contribute to creating and selling a company's products but instead supports line activities?

Staff function

In the context of organizational authority, which of the following is defined as solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes?

Standardization

The publisher of JankMag, a fashion magazine, recently hired creative writers and journalists for its new humor section. The team members know each other but face minor disagreements on ideas, and team productivity is low. The group is in which stage of team development?

Storming

Which of the following is the stage of team development when team members jockey for position and try to establish a favorable role for themselves on the team?

Storming

Which of the following means giving teams the ability to change organizational designs, policies, and practices if doing so helps them meet their stretch goals?

Structural accommodation

In the context of the job characteristics model, which of the following is a difference between task identity and task significance?

Task identity is the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires completion of a whole and recognizable piece of work, whereas task significance is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside an organization.

Which of the following is defined as the extent to which collective action is required to complete an entire piece of work?

Task interdependence

Which of the following is most likely a result of minority domination?

Team members do not feel accountable for the decision and actions taken by their teams.

Which of the following is a systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations?

Testing

Which of the following is a difference between experiential and compression approaches to innovation?

The experiential approach is used to establish a new dominant design, whereas the compression approach is used to improve the function of an existing dominant design.

Which of the following is an error that managers make in the refreezing phase?

They declare victory too soon.

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage?

They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency.

Which of the following statements is true of members of self-managing teams?

They handle and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management.

Which of the following is true of employee involvement teams?

They offer advice and suggestions to management concerning specific issues.

Identify a true statement about team norms.

They often lead to stronger organizational commitment.

Which of the following is an advantage of project teams?

They reduce communication barriers.

In the context of interorganizational processes, which of the following is true of virtual organizations?

They use a broker to create and assemble the knowledge, skills, and resources from different companies for customers.

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing?

Unfreezing is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereas refreezing is supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick.

Which of the following is an intervention that is designed to help a work group establish short- and long-term goals?

Unit goal setting

Which of the following is a management principle that means workers should report to just one boss?

Unity of command

Which of the following is a difference between a-type conflict and c-type conflict?

Unlike a-type conflict, c-type conflict focuses on problem-related differences of opinion.

Which of the following is a difference between individualists and collectivists?

Unlike individualists, collectivists would rather cooperate than compete.

In the context of organizational development, which of the following is a difference between large-system intervention and person-focused intervention?

Unlike large-system intervention, person-focused intervention increases social effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes.

In the context of organizational development, which of the following is a difference between large-system intervention and small-group intervention?

Unlike small-group intervention, large-system intervention works toward changing the character and performance of a business unit.

The greatest disadvantage of which of the following types of organizations is that tremendous managerial skills are required to make a network of independent organizations work well together?

Virtual

When cloud storage started becoming popular, customers stopped purchasing USB flash drives. As a result, cloud storage almost completely replaced USB flash drives in the market and became the accepted market standard for storage methods. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

a dominant design

When smartphones were introduced, most customers stopped using flip phones. Eventually, smartphones almost entirely replaced flip phones and became the accepted market standard for phones. In the context of innovation streams, this scenario best illustrates _____.

a dominant design

An innovation stream begins with _____.

a technological discontinuity

During design competition, _____.

an older technology usually improves significantly in response to the competitive threat from the new technologies

In the context of autonomy, unlike self-managing teams, self-designing teams _____.

can control and change the memberships of the teams

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of large-system interventions is to _____.

change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department

The best employees from the finance, research and development, marketing, and production departments of a company formed a team to formulate strategies to help the company deal with a financial crisis. The members identified all the problem areas in their respective departments and put forward unanimous solutions to resolve the issues. This team is an example of a(n) _____.

cross-functional team

Technological substitution occurs when _____.

customers purchase new products to replace older technologies

The finance team of a company conducts a meeting to discuss the worthiness of investing its funds in the local share market. Although most of the team members support the idea, one member, Malav, feels that the proposed investment is risky as the stock prices of many companies in the market have been erratic. However, Malav does not voice his opinion fearing that his dynamics with the team would be affected. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

groupthink

Most planning for incremental innovation _____.

is based on the idea of generational change

In the context of autonomy, unlike semi-autonomous work groups, employee involvement teams _____.

lack the authority to make decisions

Self-managing teams are different from semi-autonomous work groups in that team members _____

manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product without first getting approval from management

Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when _____.

management encourages risk taking and new ideas

The compression approach to innovation management is used in _____.

periods of incremental change

In the context of reengineering, each job or department contributes to a whole intraorganizational process independently in _____.

pooled interdependence

A team of engineers and architects has been formed to work on the construction of a bridge. The team will work together on-site till the construction of the bridge is complete. Thereafter, it will be dissolved. This team is an example of a(n) _____.

project team

In terms of change tools and techniques, the General Electric fastworks approach is a special kind of _____.

results-driven change

Social loafing occurs when _____.

team members withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

According to psychologist Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a basic process of _____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Which of the following is a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard?

A dominant design

Which of the following is true of the S-curve pattern of innovation of a product?

A flat slope indicates that increased effort brings only small improvements in technological performance.

Which of the following statements is true?

An employee's individual effectiveness is not an indication of the effectiveness of their teamwork.

In the context of organizational structure, which of the following is defined as the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives?

Authority

Which of the following is the degree to which workers in a team have the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs?

Autonomy

In the context of work teams, which of the following increases employee job satisfaction?

Being involved in decision-making processes

Which of the following is a similarity between functional departmentalization and product departmentalization?

Both allow managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.