Exam One leadership study set

A community health unit is transitioning from centralized staffing to decentralized staffing. The manager should recognize what possible consequence of this change? a. It carries risks that employees may be treated unequally or inconsistently. b. One individual or a computer will perform the staffing functions. c. The manager's role is that of making minor adjustments or providing input. d. The change will increase control over personnel by the organization.

A. It carries risks that employees may be treated unequally or inconsistently.

The nurse manager of a perioperative department is a tempting to apply the full range Leadership Model (FRLM) when overseeing the department. The nurse should attempt to integrate what types of leadership? Select all that apply. A. Laissez-fair B. Scientific C. Autocratic D. Transactional E. Transformational

A. Laissez-fair D. Transactional E. Transformational

Which activities are associated with a leadership role? Select all that apply. A. Mentoring two new managers B. Establishing goals for the coming year C. Advocating for nurses to receive more professional development opportunities D. Providing a motivational speech at the new employee orientation E. Finding a nurse's to cover another nurse's shift

A. Mentoring two new managers B. Establishing goals for the coming year C. Advocating for nurses to receive more professional development opportunities D. Providing a motivational speech at the new employee orientation

Which characteristics are associated with a Highly Capable Individual in Collin's Level 5 Leadership model? Select all that apply. A. Possesses useful knowledge B. Builds effective interdisciplinary teams C. Galvanizes members to achieve goals D. Has the talent and skills needed to do a good job E. Works effectively to help a team succeed

A. Possesses useful knowledge D. Has the talent and skills needed to do a good job

What is a leadership role associated with staffing and scheduling? a. Role models the use of evidence in making appropriate staffing and scheduling decisions b. Uses patient classification tools to minimize understaffing c. Periodically examines the unit standard of productivity to determine if changes are needed d. Evaluates scheduling and staffing procedures and policies on a regular basis

A. Role models the use of evidence in making appropriate staffing and scheduling decisions

A nurse-manager has proposed a change in the skills mix on a hospital unit, with fewer registered nurses and more nursing assistants. What outcome best demonstrates that the nurse is applying the principles of thought leadership? A. Skeptics of the plan have begun to see it as innovative and beneficial. B. Individuals who oppose the plan have become isolated by their peers. C. Nurses and nursing assistants will both participate in the operations planning. D. The ultimate decision on the matter will be based on rational ideas rather than emotions.

A. Skeptics of the plan have begun to see it as innovative and beneficial.

The leader-manager provides oversight on a busy medical-surgical unit. There has recently been an incident where two nurses were not honest about neglecting a controversial new protocol and mislead the leader. How can the leader-manager best prevent similar episodes? A. Support employees' right to disagree with proposed changes B. Ensure that employees know the consequences of misleading the manager C. Avoid making decisions that displease large numbers of employees D. Identify allies who can be trusted to report employees who may mislead the manager

A. Support employees' right to disagree with proposed changes Feedback: There is no guarantee that followers will not mislead leaders, but adhering to certain principles, such as making sure that followers are allowed to disagree, will guard against this happening. The manager can often not avoid making unpopular decisions. Enacting punitive measures (consequences) has not been shown to encourage honesty. The use of "informants" is likely to cultivate mistrust and is likely to increase dishonesty

The nurse manager of a community clinic is applying the principles of interactional leadership when addressing a challenging situation. What variables should the nurse prioritize when applying this model of leadership? Select all that apply. A. The characteristics of the nurse's personality B. The financial resources available to the nurse C. The consequences of failure D. The factors that motivate the employees of the clinic E. The specifics of the clinical challenge that the nurse is addressing

A. The characteristics of the nurse's personality E. The specifics of the clinical challenge that the nurse is addressing

A nurse manager has been attending several conferences and workshops in order to network with colleagues and build relationships with people outside the organization. How should a nurse best interpret this managers actions? A. The manager is applying the social skills necessary for emotional intelligence. B. The manager is demonstrating servant leadership, which will ultimately benefit the whole organization. C. The manager's self-regulation is likely to grow because of this activity. D. The manager is building on his or her own strength

A. The manager is applying the social skills necessary for emotional intelligence.

A nurse-leader has set a goal of becoming a more transformational leader. What outcome will best indicate progress towards achieving this goal? A. The nurse empowers other to reach their full potential B. The nurse's subordinates demonstrate respect and loyalty C. The nurse maximizes efficiency when allocating scarce resources D. The nurse provides praise for good work performances.

A. The nurse empowers other to reach their full potential

The nurse who manages an ambulatory clinic is well known as being a visionary leader who is skilled at empowering others with this vision. What type of leader is this nurse? A. Transformational B. Transactional C. Bureaucratic D. Interactional

A. Transformational

In checking the background of a potential candidate for hire, which is the least frequently checked source?

Academic credentials

what should selectors do when processing the employment application?

Always follow up on references and verify employment history

It is appropriate to make a change for which reason? Select all that apply. A) To solve an existing problem B) To increase staff efficiency C) To reduce unnecessary workload D) To improve staff productivity

Ans: A, B, C, D Feedback: Change should be implemented only for good reasons such as the solution of an existing problem, increasing staff efficiency, eliminating unnecessary workload and improving productivity. Boredom alone is not a sufficient reason to institute change.

Which force is driving change in today's health-care environment? Select all that apply. A) Increased cost of health-care services B) Decrease in health-care professionals and providers C) Decreased third-party reimburse of health-care services D) Increased need to update health-careñrelated technologies

Ans: A, B, C, D Feedback: Many forces are driving change in contemporary health care, including rising healthcare costs, declining reimbursement, workforce shortages, increasing technology, the dynamic nature of knowledge, and a growing elderly population. Contemporary healthcare agencies then must continually institute change to upgrade their structure, promote greater quality, and keep their workers. Wages for health-care professions and providers have not contributed significantly to the changes in today's health-care environment.

Which statement is true regarding planned change? Select all that apply. A) Resistance to change should be expected as a natural part of the change process B) Change should be viewed as a chance to do something innovative C) Technical changes are more resisted by staff than social changes are D) Change affects the homeostasis of a group

Ans: A, B, D Feedback: Change should not be viewed as a threat but as a challenge and a chance to do something new and innovative. Change should be implemented only for good reason. Because change disrupts the homeostasis or balance of the group, resistance should be expected as a natural part of the change process. The level of resistance to change generally depends on the type of change proposed not the age of the staff affected by the change. Technological changes encounter less resistance than changes that are perceived as social or that are contrary to established customs or norms.

Which statement is true concerning the refreezing phase of the change process? Select all that apply. A) The focus of this phase is to integrate the change into the status quo B) Stabilization of change requires a 6- to 9-month period of time C) If refreezing is incomplete, prechange behavior will be resumed D) The change agent must remain involved until the refreeze stage is complete

Ans: A, C, D Feedback: During the refreezing phase, the change agent assists in stabilizing the system change so that it becomes integrated into the status quo. If refreezing is incomplete, the change will be ineffective and the prechange behaviors will be resumed. For refreezing to occur, the change agent must be supportive and reinforce the individual adaptive efforts of those affected by the change. Because change needs at least 3 to 6 months before it will be accepted as part of the system, the change agent must be sure that he or she will remain involved until the change is completed. The successfulness of the refreezing stage is dependent about the acceptance of change by all staff.

What is the basic argument for the use of rationalñempirical change strategies? A) Information supports change B) Peer influence brings about change C) Reward-based incentives influence change D) Punishment supports the acceptance of change

Ans: A- Information supports change Feedback: The change agent using this set of strategies assumes that resistance to change comes from a lack of knowledge and that humans are rational beings who will change when given factual information documenting the need for change. Normativeñreeducative strategies use group norms and peer pressure to socialize and influence people so that change will occur. Powerñcoercive strategies, features the application of power by legitimate authority, economic sanctions or rewards, or political clout of the change agent.

Which would be a normal and expected behavioral response during the unfreezing phase of change? A) Anger B) Withdrawal and acceptance C) Open acceptance D) Active collaboration

Ans: A-Anger Feedback: During the unfreezing stage, people become discontented, and even angry, with the status quo. Ironically, they may also become angry that change is needed, because of the resistance that is a normal and expected part of the change process. The other options are not usually associated with the unfreezing phase of change.

Which action is reflective of the leadership role necessary for a successful planned change to occur? A) Demonstrates flexibility in goal setting B) Recognizing the need for a planned change C) Identifying the resources that are available to support a change D) Support the staff during the implementation of a planned change

Ans: A-Demonstrates flexibility in goal setting Feedback: Leaders demonstrate flexibility in goal setting in a rapidly changing health-care system. The other options are associated with management functions associated with change.

In planning strategies to prevent stagnation and promote renewal, which action would most likely result in the desired outcome? A) Developing a program for recruitment of young talent B) Rewarding employees by promoting from within C) Having set pay increases mandated annually D) Using longevity to determine committee selection

Ans: A-Developing a program for recruitment of young talent Feedback: The constant influx of young talent brings new ideas to the organization. The other options are not as relevant to the prevention of stagnation and promotion of renewal.

Which change is easier to make? A) B) Group behavior C) Group knowledge D) Personal attitudes

Ans: A-Personal behavior Feedback: It is much easier to change a person's behavior than it is to change an entire group's behavior. It is easier to change knowledge levels than attitudes.

Refusing to work with a staff member who dresses unprofessionally most closely represents which change strategy? A) Powerñcoercive B) Normativeñreeducative C) Rationalñempirical D) Resistanceñwithdrawal

Ans: A-Powerñcoercive Feedback: The powerñcoercive strategy assumes that people are often set in their ways and will change only when faced by negative sanctions or some other method that demonstrates power and/or coercion. This is not the principle guiding any of the other options.

Which behavior/attitude makes it likely that a planned change will be unsuccessful? A) The suggested change is brought forward after the plan has been formalized B) Individuals affected by the change are involved in planning for the change C) The change agent is aware of the organization's internal and external environment D) An assessment of resources to carry out the plan is completed before unfreezing

Ans: A-The suggested change is brought forward after the plan has been formalized Feedback: Employees should be involved in the change process. When information and decision making are shared, subordinates will be more accepting of the change. The other options support the change.

Distributing flyers that charge arbitrary action on the part of an employer in an effort to garner interest in employee unionization would be a part of what phase of planned change? A) Unfreezing B) Movement C) Refreezing D) Resistance

Ans: A-Unfreezing Feedback: Unfreezing occurs when the change agent coerces members of the group to change, or when guilt, anxiety, or concern can be elicited. This is not observed in the other options.

Which characteristics are associated with change by drift changes? Select all that apply. A) They are planned B) They are accidental C) They are unplanned D) They are a result of a threat

Ans: B, C-They are accidental C) They are unplanned Feedback: Change by drift is unplanned or accidental. The other options are not characteristics of changes that are a result of change by drift.

Historically, many of the changes that have occurred in nursing or have affected the profession are the result of what type of change? A) Planned B) Change by drift C) Rationalñempirical D) Normativeñreeducative

Ans: B- Change by drift Feedback: Historically, many of the changes that have occurred in nursing or have affected the profession are the result of change by drift. While other types of changes have occurred, change by drift accounts for most of them.

Which statement reflects an important factor to consider when implementing a planned change? A) Change should be implemented suddenly B) Change should be implemented gradually C) Change should be implemented arbitrarily D) Change should be implemented sporadically

Ans: B-Change should be implemented gradually Feedback: Change should be planned and thus implemented gradually, not sporadically or suddenly and certainly not arbitrarily.

What characteristic is associated with organizational groups assigned to manage the change process? A) Both formulate and implement the change B) Have representation from all key stakeholders C) Are made up of quality circles D) Are teams of resistance breakers

Ans: B-Have representation from all key stakeholders Feedback: In some large organizations today, multidisciplinary teams of individuals, representing all key stakeholders in the organization, are assigned the responsibility for managing the change process. In such organizations, this team manages the communication between the people leading the change effort and those who are expected to implement the new strategies.

Which factor is the greatest contributor to the resistance encountered with organizational change? A) Poor organizational leadership B) Presence of employee mistrust C) Ineffective organizational management D) Insufficient staff involvement in the process

Ans: B-Presence of employee mistrust Feedback: Perhaps the greatest factor contributing to the resistance encountered with change is a lack of trust between the employee and the manager or the employee and the organization. While the other options may increase resistance, employee distrust is the primary barrier to change.

Which situation is associated with and aging organization? A) Retired staff is replaced with new graduate nurses B) State-of-the-art cardiac monitoring equipment is placed in the ICU C) The unit functions with strict adheres to institutional rules and policies D) A suggestion committee composed of staff and management meets monthly

Ans: C-The unit functions with strict adheres to institutional rules and policies Feedback: The young organization is characterized by high energy, movement, and virtually constant change and adaptation. Aged organizations have established ìturf boundaries,î function in an orderly and predictable fashion, and are focused on rules and regulations. Change is limited.

What is required to successfully implement the chaos theory of change? A) Most stakeholders accepting the need for change B) Finding solutions to resistance to change C) Changing attitudes more than increasing knowledge D) Finding underlying order in random data

Ans: D Finding underlying order in random data Feedback: Chaos theory requires finding underlying order in apparent random data.

Which activity does a change agent make a commitment to in order to best assure a successful implementation of a change? A) Helping followers arrive at total consensus regarding the change B) Encouraging subgroup opposition to change so many viewpoints can be heard C) Using change by drift if the resistance to change is too strong D) Being available to support those affected by a change until the change is complete

Ans: D-Being available to support those affected by a change until the change is complete Feedback: The change agent needs to offer support to others so that the change occurs. The other options are not as impactful on a successful transition to change.

Which statement is true regarding the philosophy of nonlinear change theories? A) Change occurs in sequential steps B) Change is predictable C) Change success relies on policies and hierarchies D) Change is necessary because organizational stability is brief

Ans: D-Change is necessary because organizational stability is brief Feedback: Most twenty-first-century organizations experience fairly brief periods of stability followed by intense transformation.

Which activity is associated with the movement stage of the development of a plan? A) Gather data B) Accurately diagnose the problem C) Decide if change is needed D) Develop a plan

Ans: D-Develop a plan Feedback: A responsibility of the movement stage is to develop a plan. Responsibilities of the change agent in the unfreezing stage are as follows: Gather data, accurately diagnose the problem, and decide if change is needed.

Which description best describes the theory behind nonlinear change? A) It occurs in organized steps B) It must have a logical sequence C) It results in equilibrium D) It has unpredictable outcomes

Ans: D-It has unpredictable outcomes Feedback: Nonlinear change states that the dynamics and outcomes of change are always unpredictable. Nonlinear change does not involve the other statements.

Which action represents a management function in planned change? A) Inspiring group members to be involved in planned change B) Visionary forecasting C) Role modeling high-level interpersonal communication skills in providing support for individuals undergoing rapid or difficult change D) Recognizing the need for planned change and identifying the options and resources available to implement change

Ans: D-Recognizing the need for planned change and identifying the options and resources available to implement change Feedback: Recognizing the need for planned change and identifying the options and resources available to implement change are management functions; the other choices are leadership functions.

Which activity associated with the unfreezing state of change will have the greatest impact on the success of the movement stage of the change process? A) Accurate identification of the problem requiring change B) Effective information gathering concerning the problem C) Key personnel voicing their opinions regarding the need for change D) The need for change is perceived by all those affected by the problem

Ans: D-The need for change is perceived by all those affected by the problem Feedback: The change agent should not proceed to the movement stage until the status quo has been disrupted and the need for change is perceived by the others. While the other options will affect the process, perception of the need to change by all affected by the change is the most impactful of the options provided.

What goal should the nurse-manager prioritize when organizing staffing and scheduling? a. Schedule staff so there is a minimum of overtime. b. Ensure that there is adequate staff to meet the needs of each client. c. Develop trust in staff by seeing that staffing is carried out in a fair manner. d. Ensure that staff members achieve a healthy work-life balance.

B Ensure that there is adequate staff to meet the needs of each client.

What term identifies a system that allows employees to select among variations in work start-time and end-time schedules to meet their personal needs? a. Self-scheduling b. Flextime c. Decentralized staffing d. Cyclical staffing

B Flextime

Which response is most characteristic of a servant leader? A. "I don't think you have the skills necessary to be effective." B. "Let me think about that request for 24 hours and get back to you." C. "Do whatever it takes to get it done fast." D. "I'll personally handle this situation."

B. "Let me think about that request for 24 hours and get back to you."

A nurse manager-leader is experiencing many challenges overseeing the care in a health-care organization. What statement most clearly indicates a need to apply quantum leadership principles? A. "There's a lot of conflict, not just between nurses but also between members of other disciplines." B. "Our workplace is in a constant state of change. Each part of our work is unpredictable and always shifting." C. "Historically, many decisions seem to have been made on the basis of emotion, and I'd really like to change that." D. "There's a rift between management and employees and it affects communication."

B. "Our workplace is in a constant state of change. Each part of our work is unpredictable and always shifting."

What statement by a manager best reflects the principles of interactional leadership? A. "People perform to their fullest potential and then they're under pressure." B. "People's motives are important, and motives change over time." C. "Organizations run best when there is no formal, centralized authority." D. "A person can't simultaneously act as. a manager and a leader."

B. "People's motives are important, and motives change over time." Feedback: Interactional leadership emphasizes the fact that people's motives are very important and that these are constantly changing. Interactional leadership does not prioritize pressure as a form of incentive or motivation, and it does not deny a role for authority or for the integration of leadership and management principles

A manager has proposed to the hospital board that it hires someone to teach management and leadership classes and that head nurses are paid to attend the classes. What is this an example of? A. Using quantum leadership B. Building human capital C. Transformational leadership D. Using emotional intelligence

B. Building human capital

A nurse-manager will soon be introducing a significant change in the way that overtime shifts are allocated on a hospital floor. What action by the manager will best demonstrate the principles of thought leadership? A. Relating the change to the fact that the floor has been required to cut costs B. Convincing employees that the change will be beneficial and innovative C. Delegating the implementation of the change to the nurses themselves D. Describing clear expectations for nurses' adherence to the new policy

B. Convincing employees that the change will be beneficial and innovative

The manager of a care facility advocates traditional management science. What is this manager most likely to prioritized? A. Ensuring that workers are satisfied in the roles. B. Identifying and addressing barriers to efficiency. C. Empowering workers to make decisions independently. D. Providing rewards for exceptional caring

B. Identifying and addressing barriers to efficiency.

A nurse has been hired to oversee the operations of a series of ambulatory clinics. The nurse can best promote the success of the organizations by: A. Promoting management skills among all employees B. Integrating leadership skills and management skills C. Clear communicating to employees that they will be required to follow D. Advocating for the organization to hire a leader for each site

B. Integrating leadership skills and management skills Feedback: Success and high achievement are best promoted when leadership and management functions are integrated by individuals. Promoting certain management skills among employees can be beneficial, but this cannot replace the importance of the leader-manager's own skill set. Followership cannot be mandated; it must be earned. The presence of multiple leaders can make it more difficult to effect change because of diverse visions

What action by a nurse-manager best demonstrates servant leadership? A. Cultivating a personal relationship with each subordinate B. Prioritizing the interests of others over the manager's own interests C. Communicating a clear vision for the future and asking subordinates to share it D. Making decisions on the basis of customer service

B. Prioritizing the interests of others over the manager's own interests Feedback: Managers who are servant leaders put serving others, including employees, customers, and the community, as the number one priority. This attitude is not dependent, however, on having a personal relationship with every subordinate. Customer service is valued, but the servant leader also emphasizes the needs of employees and the community. Servant leadership has a place for vision, but this is not a specific characteristic of this type of leadership.

A nurse-manager demonstrates Level 5 leadership by performing what action? A. Avoiding conflict unless absolutely necessary B. Taking responsibility for errors that he or she makes C. Keeping emotions in check D. Accepting nothing less than perfection from subordinates

B. Taking responsibility for errors that he or she makes

what aspect of the way that work is organized a nursing unit best reflects the management theories of Max Weber? A. A committee that includes employees and managers has been established to plan the work on the unit. B. The hierarchy of authority and the policies and procedures on the unit are clearly posted. C. Quarterly awards are granted to employees who have demonstrated exceptional service. D. Employees are allowed to self scheduled their vacation time and must work out any conflicts on our own.

B. The hierarchy of authority and the policies and procedures on the unit are clearly posted.

What action by the nurse-manager in a health organization best demonstrates transformational leadership? A. The manager informs each employee about the new criteria that will be the basis of the performance reviews. B. The manager holds a workshop to outline a new vision for patient-centered care C. The manager's employees are reminded that they must submit evidence of renewing their license. D. The manager readily takes responsibility after making a scheduling error

B. The manager holds a workshop to outline a new vision for patient-centered care Feedback: Transformational leadership often involves the communication of a vision and empowering employees to share in it. Functions involving performance review, scheduling, and licensure are more consistent with a transactional role. Taking responsibility is a trait of effective transformational and transactional leadership

The nurse-manager has been approached by three different families in recent weeks, all of whom have described a particular nurse as giving exceptional care. The manager has relayed this feedback to the nurse and nominated the nurse for an organization-wide award. How should the manager's action be best interpreted? A.The manager's actions are likely to cause accusations of favoritism B. The manager is giving an example of a democratic leadership C. The manager is following the Great Man theory D. The manager's actions may inadvertently discourage other nurses

B. The manager is giving an example of a democratic leadership Feedback: Democratic leadership involves the use of awards and feedback. The Great Man theory posits that leadership is an inherent trait, not a learned trait; the manager's actions do not point to this. There is no reason to believe that a commendation may discourage the nurse's peers. Accusations of favoritism are unlikely, provided the manager's commendation is evidence-based.

A nurse oversees the care on a hospital unit in the role of an integrated leader-manager. What characteristics should this nurse exhibit? Select all that apply A. The nurse describes herself as an "Inward thinker" B. The nurse's thinking includes long-term issues C. The nurse consciously attempts to motivate the employees D. The nurse has influence that goes beyond her own group E. The nurse is always conscious of political realities.

B. The nurse's thinking includes long-term issues C. The nurse consciously attempts to motivate the employees D. The nurse has influence that goes beyond her own group E. The nurse is always conscious of political realities.

Accreditors are scheduled to visit a hospital site, and staff members have been made aware of what they will be assessing. What staff behavior would most clearly suggest the presence of the Hawthorne effect? A. The nurses avoid contact with the accreditors because they fear criticism B. The nurses constantly improve their performance because they know it's being scrutinized C. The manager temporarily adopt a leader ship role D. The manager blames individual nurses for deficits identified in the accreditation report

B. The nurses constantly improve their performance because they know it's being scrutinized

A nurse has recently begun a leadership-management role and is most likely to face challenges in: A. resolving tensions between baccalaureate-educated nurses and nurses without a degree. B. promoting best outcomes for clients while reducing costs. C. educating nurses about their legal scope of practice. D. marketing the organization to members of the community.

B. promoting best outcomes for clients while reducing costs.

The manager of a busy emergency department is primarily concerned with the practical, day-to-day operations of the department. This manager is most clearly demonstrating what type of leadership? Transactional A.Transformational B.Transactional C.Bureaucratic D.Interactional

B.Transactional Feedback: The traditional manager, concerned with the day-to-day operations, is termed a transactional leader. Transformational leadership prioritizes longer term vision and empowerment. Bureaucratic leadership emphasizes rules and regulations, whereas interactional leadership focuses on the link between personality and situations.

A nurse-manager is applying the facility's patient classification system (PCS) to the unit's staffing needs before the beginning of a shift. What task should the manager perform first? a. Identify the number of staff members scheduled for the shift. b. Create a preliminary work assignment based on the unit norms. c. Appraise the care needs of each client. d. Assign three clients to each nurse and then adjust according to client needs.

C Appraise the care needs of each client.

What was the first generational work group that tended to value work hour flexibility and opportunities for time off? a. Veteran generation b. Baby boomer c. Generation X d. Generation Y

C Generation X

Which statement is true regarding legislated minimum staffing ratios? a. They are mandated by federal law. b. They are required by 28 states. c. They are proposed to improve client care. d. They are necessary to reduce costs.

C They are proposed to improve client care.

What is the most fiscally responsible method for determining staffing needs for a hospital unit? a. Maximum patient load capacity of the unit b. Numbers of patients present for an upcoming shift c. An agreed-upon staffing formula based on client acuity d. Total beds on the unitWhat is the most fiscally responsible method for determining staffing needs for a hospital unit?

C-An agreed-upon staffing formula based on client acuity

What management activity characterizes the priorities that existed during the human relations era of management? A. Punishing workers who were unproductive B. Applications of laissez-faire leadership C. Collaborative decision making D. Granting equal rights to men and women

C. Collaborative decision making

A new leader-manager is planning to implement the principles of strengths-based leadership after being hired for a new position. What action will best facilitate this plan? A. Identifying his or her personal strengths and utilizing them B. Appraising team members on a scale that runs from "weaker" to "Stronger" C. Creating a team with diverse abilities and talents D. Organizing the flow of work to match his or her strength

C. Creating a team with diverse abilities and talents

The manager at a long-term care facility has intervened in a conflict between two staff members about timing and length of coffee and lunch breaks. What management function is this manager demonstrating? A. Planning B. Organizing C. Directing D. Evaluating

C. Directing

A nurse-manager has recently been accused of assigning work unequally. The manager has recognized the need to revise the process for assigning work to nurses. How can the manager best apply the principles of Theory Z? A. Making decisions independently and imposing it on the nurses. B. Making a decision based on the pros and cons of each option C. Gathering input from employees in order to reach a consensus D. Identifying as many different alternatives as possible

C. Gathering input from employees in order to reach a consensus

A new nurse-manager has set a goal of implementing authentic leadership. What is the manager's best initial action? A. Differentiate colleagues who are allies and those who are potential threats B. Delegate management activities so she can focus on leadership C. Identify and reflect on her own principles. D. Examine the source of her power in the organization

C. Identify and reflect on her own principles.

An organization is facing budget cuts and the manager has openly shared the details, rationale, and implications of the cuts with staff. The manager has also expressed feelings of disappointment about the cuts. What component of authentic leadership has the manager demonstrated? A. Balanced processing B. Internalized moral perspective C. Relational transparency D. Self-awareness

C. Relational transparency

The chief nursing officer is assembling a leadership team. The nurse is ensuring that the team is made up of people who have a diverse range of natural talents and skills. This leader is most clearly exemplifying what theory of leadership? A.Level 5 Leadership B. Emotional intelligence C. Strengths-based leadership D. Authentic leadership

C. Strengths-based leadership

Which statement regarding the characteristics of a good leader is true? A. Charisma is their strongest attribute B. They are brave in all situations C. They may have character flaws D. They are by nature good-intentioned

C. They may have character flaws

Which statements are true regarding float pool nurses? Select all that apply. a. They are classified as per diem staff. b. The nurse trades increased personal flexibility for less pay. c. Float pool nurses do not receive usual staff benefits. d. They are crossed-trained on multiple units. e. They are internal, not external, employees.

D . They are crossed-trained on multiple units. e. They are internal, not external, employees.

A hospital unit has an exceptionally high census for several weeks and mandatory overtime is being routinely required. What is the priority consequence of this practice? a. Ethics violations b. Increased continuity of care c. Temporary cost savings d. Decreased client safety

D Decreased client safety

A health-care organization has achieved a decrease in RN hours in the total nursing care hours per patient-day (NCH/PPD). What is a potential outcome of this change? a. Increased interprofessional collaboration b. Decreased numbers of errors c. Decreased client fall rate d. Decreased client satisfaction

D Decreased client satisfaction

A busy medical unit has been increasing the use of agency nurses. The nurse-manager should anticipate what consequence of this staffing alternative? a. Increased reliance on unlicensed assistive personnel by nurses b. A need for 8-hour rather than 12-hour shifts c. Short-term cost savings d. Decreased continuity of nursing care

D Decreased continuity of nursing care

Mandatory minimum staffing ratios are being considered in the jurisdiction where a nurse-manager works. Based on experiences of other states, the nurse should identify what possible result of this legislation? a. There may be a backlash from clients and families. b. Predicted cost savings may take many years to realize. c. Health-care organizations may be more reluctant to hire new graduates. d. Increased numbers of staff may not necessarily improve client care.

D Increased numbers of staff may not necessarily improve client care.

A health-care organization is changing from a functional nursing model to a team nursing model. How should the nurse-manager best address the impact on staffing and scheduling? a. More unlicensed assistive personnel will need to be hired. b. A self-scheduling system will need to be adopted. c. No changes in scheduling policies will likely be necessary. d. The client assignment method will need to be adjusted.

D The client assignment method will need to be adjusted.

A flextime system has been introduced at a health-care facility. The nurse-manager should take what action to address the consequences of this staffing system? a. Limiting flextime to those staff members who have at least 2 years experience on the unit b. Ensuring that overtime can be used to fill times when there is insufficient staffing c. Providing incentives to ensure daytime weekday shifts are sufficiently staffed d. Working to promote continuity of care when there are multiple start times and end times for staff

D Working to promote continuity of care when there are multiple start times and end times for staff

A nurse manager is in charge of a unit that consists of a generationally diverse group of staff nurses. The nurse manager knows that this type of staffing arrangement will: a. require the baby boomer nurses have more flexibility in scheduling and time off as compared to the generation X nurses. b. create a nursing environment that will be more structured and focused on the use of technology to provide the best care. c. allow generation Y and Z nurses to create a secure and stable work environment. d. establish a diverse working environment based on experience and technology.

D establish a diverse working environment based on experience and technology.

There are current and future paradigm shifts in health care that affect the leadership skills needed by nurses in the twenty-first century. What issue at the organizational and unit levels are nurse-leaders being directed to address? A) Active involvement in greatly needed health-care reform B) Persistent and growing international nursing shortage C) Increasing disparities between health outcomes for wealthy clients and poorer clients D) High turnover rates by staff nurses

D) High turnover rates by staff nurses

An organization has hired six RNs who have recently immigrated to the United States. The manager has noticed they interact very little with other staff, often speaking in their own language during their breaks, although they speak English while on duty. Which intervention would be the most helpful action for the manager to help these new RNs better assimilate? A) Explain to the new nurses the problem that their isolating is causing. B) Arrange to send them to an English language course at the local adult school. C) Ask the established RNs to make an effort to include the new nurses in after-work activities. D) Hold a sharing session before client report, so all RNs can share information about their cultures and differences in client care.

D) Hold a sharing session before client report, so all RNs can share information about their cultures and differences in client care.

What statement by a leader most clearly demonstrates the Great Man theory of leadership? A. "Leadership and management are two different manifestations of one skill set" B. "Leadership is grounded in close, supportive relationships" C. "Leadership can't exist without earning people's respect" D. "Some people are born to lead, and some are born to be lead"

D. "Some people are born to lead, and some are born to be lead"

A nurse was 20 minutes late returning from a scheduled lunch break and a colleague's break was consequently cut short. What response by the manager best demonstrates a laissez-faire leadership approach? A. Ask each of the nurses to speak with the manager separately to discuss the implications of this event. B. Ask the nurses to attend a short meeting together in the managers office. C. Impose a meaningful consequence on the first nurse and have the nurse apologize to the colleague D. Allow the two nurses to dialogue about this event and observe for evidence of satisfactory resolution

D. Allow the two nurses to dialogue about this event and observe for evidence of satisfactory resolution Feedback: Laissez-faire leadership is generally understood to be a "hands-off" approach. The manager using this approach would likely allow the two nurses to self-manage this event and reach a solution independently. Requiring a meeting would be a more authoritarian or autocratic approach. Punishing the nurse and requiring an apology would be a strongly autocratic approach.

How can a manager best implement the principles of situational or contingency leadership theory? A. By establishing rules and norms that can be applied in all conditions in the organization B. By avoiding punitive consequences when addressing workers' lack of performance C. By deferring to employees for day-to-day management decisions D. By adapting his or her leadership style to a particular circumstance

D. By adapting his or her leadership style to a particular circumstance

Which functions of the management process involves the performance evaluation of employees? A. Planning B. Organizing C. Staffing D. Controlling

D. Controlling Feedback: Controlling is the function that includes performance appraisals, fiscal accountability, quality control, legal and ethical control, and professional and collegial control. Planning encompasses determining philosophy, goals, objectives, policies, procedures, and rules; carrying out long- and short-range projections; determining a fiscal course of action; and managing planned change. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. Staffing functions consist of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff

A manager demonstrates one of the four principles of scientific management when he or she? A. Shows an interest in employees personal lives in emotional health. B. Engages in a lifelong learning and expects employees do the same. C. Allows employees to do their job independently, with minimal oversight. D. Hires and promotes employees on the basis of the competency and skills

D. Hires and promotes employees on the basis of the competency and skills

Which statement best depicts leadership? A. Strong leaders can coerce people into following them B. Leadership requires meeting organizational goals C. A leadership position has a narrower scope than a management position D. People will follow a person in a leadership position only be choice

D. People will follow a person in a leadership position only be choice

Which represents the management functions that are incorporated into management process? A. Planning, directing, organizing, staffing, and transforming B. Organizing, staffing, planning, empowering, and controlling C. Inspiring, planning, staffing, directing, and evaluating D. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling

D. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling

To decrease overtime, the manager of a surgical unit offers nurses who get their work finished on time for an entire 2-month period an extra day off with pay at regular time. The nurse is enacting what model of leadership? A. Quantum leadership B. Favoritism C. Servant leadership D. Principal agent theory

D. Principal agent theory

The nurse manager who seeks to exemplify emotional intelligence should: A. Effectively manipulate the emotions of others to achieve goals. B. Prioritize emotion over reason when making decisions C. Prioritize emotion over reason when making decisions D. Regulate his or her own emotions and those of others

D. Regulate his or her own emotions and those of others Feedback: Theorists studying emotional intelligence posit that the ability to regulate the emotions of self and others is key to effective leadership. Emotional intelligence does not involve removing emotion from decision making; conversely, it does not claim that emotion should trump reason. Management of emotions is not the same as manipulating the emotions of others, which is unethical

The leaders of a health-care organization ascribe to human capital theory and are planning the budget for the next year. What activity should the team prioritize in the budget to promote the goals of this theory? A. Signing bonuses for nurses who are hired from outside the region B. Incentives for staff members who provide exemplary care and who make no errors C. Community outreach activities that will increase engagement between staff and residents D. Reimbursement of tuition to nurses who are upgrading their education

D. Reimbursement of tuition to nurses who are upgrading their education

Twenty-first-century leadership models generally emphasize the importance of: A. Consequences B. Motivation C. Incentives D. Relationships

D. Relationships

When applying the principles of quantum leadership, the nurse manager should prioritize: A. Careful management of emotions. B. The difference between personal goals and organizational goals. C. His or her own values , beliefs, and moral character. D. The fact that workplaces are complex and dynamic.

D. The fact that workplaces are complex and dynamic.

Caregivers at a public health center believe that their manager adheres to theory X. What action by the manager best confirms a suspicion? A. The manager allocates rewards based on the outcome of the nurses work. B. The manager collaborate with senior staff to set quarterly goals for the center. C. The manager is difficult to access when there's a problem or crisis in the center D. The manager insist on occupying nurses to community events and observing them closely

D. The manager insist on occupying nurses to community events and observing them closely

What characteristics of a nurse-manager suggest that he or she is acting in the role of a traditional manager rather than an integrated leader-manager? A. The manager emphasizes the importance of vision and values B. The manager is conscious of the important role of politics and is politically astute. C. The manager has an outward view, extending to the larger organizations D. The manager's influence is limited to his or her group

D. The manager's influence is limited to his or her group

A subordinate has accused a manager of favoritism after the manager created the work assignment for the day. How should the manager best apply the principles of emotional intelligence? A. Involve a colleague in the situation who has no emotional investment in the situation. B. Choose a response that will diffuse the subordinate's emotions. C. Recognize that the subordinate's statement was likely based on emotion rather than evidence. D.Identify and reflect on the feelings that she experiences after being accused.

D.Identify and reflect on the feelings that she experiences after being accused.

what should the interviewer do to increase the reliability and validity of an interview?

Develop a structured interview format

What factor contributed significantly to the beginning of the acute RN shortage that originated in the late 1990s?

Hospital downsizing

what has research shown regarding interviewing reliability?

Interviewer reliability improves if the interview is structured uniformly

Which statement describes the induction phase of employee indoctrination?

It occurs after hiring but before performing the role

Which statement about the proper placement of employees within the organization is correction?

It occurs when an attempt is made to place employees in units where they have the greatest chance of success

Which factor is considered the greatest obstacle to solving the projected nursing shortage?

Lack of nursing faculty

A nurse-manager is working with a team of colleagues to update the organization's staffing and scheduling policies. What principle should the manager follow during this process? a. It is more important to communicate policies verbally than in writing. b. Policies should be written in a way that allows some flexibility. c. Each employee should be given the right to opt into the type of system that he or she wishes. d. Each unit manager should be granted full control over scheduling and staffing.

Policies should be written in a way that allows some flexibility.

Which area of questioning is considered an illegal interview inquiry?

Questions about the applicant's marital status

what must be completed before a position is offered?

Reference check

Which statement about the role of unit managers in recruitment and selection is accurate?

Regardless of the extent of their involvement, all managers must be aware of recruitment and selection constraints within their organization

what type of interview is a predictor of job performance and overall effectiveness?

Structured

From an economic perspective, what is driving the current nursing shortage?

Supply side of the supply/demand equation

What should managers do to maintain adequate staff in their organization?

Use knowledge of turnover rates on their units for planning and hiring

Which question asked during an interview is acceptable?

What professional organizations do you belong to?

What is the relationship between the national and local economy and an organization's ability to maintain an adequate workforce?

When a recession occurs it causes many part-time nurses to return to full-time employment and others to delay their retirement

Which is an appropriate strategy for planning, conducting, and controlling the interview?

When an applicant clearly does not have the proper qualifications for a position, the interviewer should be tactful, but advise the applicant as soon as possible that there is a lack of appropriate qualifications for the job

It is 2 PM and the nurse-manager is calculating the nursing care hours for the 3 to 11 PM shift. There are three RNs, three nursing assistants, and one ward clerk scheduled and there are 22 clients with the following acuity and nursing care hours allotted for the evening shift: Category I, 4 clients at 2.0 hours Category II, 2 clients at 2.3 hours Category III, 10 clients at 2.8 hours Category IV, 6 clients at 3.4 hours What are the needed hours of nursing care? a. 61 hours b. 52.6 hours c. 68.4 hours d. 48.4 hours

a. 61 hours

The increased use of agency nurses has been proposed by a health-care organization's personnel department. What implications of this practice should be considered? Select all that apply. a. Increased costs b. Consequences of unfamiliarity with the unit c. Liability from the use of unlicensed nurses d. Decreased continuity of client care e. Increased need for overtime

a. Increased costs b. Consequences of unfamiliarity with the units d. Decreased continuity of client care

A health-care facility is considering whether to move from 8-hour shifts to 12-hour shifts. What potential consequences of this change should be considered? Select all that apply. a. Increased overtime pay b. Increased nurse satisfaction c. Decreased cost d. Increased judgment errors e. Increased need for continuing education

a. Increased overtime pay b. Increased nurse satisfaction d. Increased judgment errors

A self-scheduling system has been proposed at a health-care facility. What potential benefit of this system should the manager recognize? a. Self-scheduling increases employees' autonomy over their work lives. b. The manager no longer has to participate directly in staff scheduling. c. Self-scheduling ensures an equitable distribution of benefits to employees who participate. d. Self-scheduling can be more easily implemented and sustained than other alternative systems.

a. Self-scheduling increases employees' autonomy over their work lives.

A nurse-manager is in charge of a unit that has a large proportion of recent graduates, most of whom are members of Generation Y (millennials). The manager should anticipate that many of these nurses will have what characteristics? Select all that apply. a. Technologically savvy b. Adept at teamwork c. Loyal to a single, long-term employer d. Comfortable with multiculturalism e. Committed to environmental issues

a. Technologically savvy b. Adept at teamwork d. Comfortable with multiculturalism e. Committed to environmental issues

A manager is implementing a patient classification system (PCS). Which external and internal variables should the manager address when implementing the PCS? Select all that apply. a. The presence of nursing students on the unit b. The hiring of two graduates as staff c. The increase of scheduled medical students d. Language barriers presented by nursing staff e. The hospital's accreditation status

a. The presence of nursing students on the unit b. The hiring of two graduates as staff c. The increase of scheduled medical students d. Language barriers presented by nursing staff

Which factor affects the accurate prediction of staffing needs? Select all that apply.

all

The policies around scheduling and staffing are being amended in a health-care facility. Managers must ensure that the policies to not violate which of the following? Select all that apply. a. Local laws b. Labor laws c. State laws d. Union contracts e. Federal laws f. Local norms

b. Labor laws c. State laws d. Union contracts e. Federal laws

A centralized staffing department is being created at a health-care facility. What attributes of this system should the nurse-manager expect? Select all that apply. a. Increased individual flexibility b. Improved client care c. Cost savings d. Increased consistency in staffing practices e. Increased impartiality in staffing decisions

c. Cost savings d. Increased consistency in staffing practices e. Increased impartiality in staffing decisions

A health-care organization is transitioning from a centralized staffing system to a decentralized staffing system. A nurse-manager should anticipate what outcome of this change? a. Increased fairness to employees through consistent, objective, and impartial application b. Increased cost-effectiveness through better use of resources c. Greater manager autonomy, resulting in an increase in self-esteem and teamwork d. Increased availability of data for monitoring the effect of staffing size and composition, quality of care, and costs

c. Greater manager autonomy, resulting in an increase in self-esteem and teamwork

Which statement about patient classification systems is accurate? a. Classification systems are able to solve staffing problems if applied consistently. b. Nursing care hours assigned to a classification system should remain constant. c. A good classification system can resolve all staffing challenges. d. Internal and external forces may affect classification systems.

d. Internal and external forces may affect classification systems.

what is the advantage of staff turnover

fresh ideas

What contributed to beginning of an acute shortage in many health-care settings in the late 1990s?

1. Hospital downsizing 2. National businesses downsizing 3. Shortsightedness regarding recruitment

What does indoctrination include for an employee?

1. Induction 2. Orientation 3. Socialization

What type of interview questions are difficult to respond to without some advance thought?

1. Personal philosophy of nursing 3. Individual strengths and weaknesses 4. Career goals

The manager may be greatly or minimally involved with recruiting, interviewing, and selecting personnel. What factors are important to consider in this process?

1. Size of the institution 2. Existence of a separate personnel department 3. Presence of a nurse recruiter within the organization

The manager of a hospital unit is frustrated that the centralized staffing department does not understand the unique staffing needs of the unit. What is the manager's best action? a. Advocate for a change to decentralized staffing. b. Introduce a self-scheduling system. c. Temporarily increase the use of agency nurses. d. Increase the use of overtime to meet the unit's staffing needs.

A Advocate for a change to decentralized staffing.

Which activity best supports the principles of strengths-based leadership in a health-care organization? A. Funding for staff to become educated in areas where they are naturally talented B. Providing remedial services to staff who have committed a medication error C. Mental health counseling for staff who have depression or anxiety D. Smoking cessation support classes

A Funding for staff to become educated in areas where they are naturally talented

A nurse-manager's immediate supervisor is a member of the veteran generation. What generational characteristic is the supervisor most likely to possess? a. Strong loyalty to the employer b. A high value on workplace flexibility c. High individualism d. Social consciousness

A Strong loyalty to the employer

A nurse-manager works on a unit that has a decentralized self-scheduling system. When managing with this scheduling option, the manager should: a. oversee the system carefully to ensure sufficient staff coverage at all times. b. avoid becoming involved with the system so that staff remain autonomous. c. advocate for the most senior staff to receive the most desirable shifts. d. refer any disputes to the organization's personnel department.

A oversee the system carefully to ensure sufficient staff coverage at all times.

Health disparities in the patient care population are most likely to occur when the health-care workforce lacks diversity in which area? Select all that apply.

A)Age B) Gender C) Ethnicity

When do nursing shortages historically occur?

A)When the economy is beginning an upswing B) When the economy is receding

Which statement by a subordinate demonstrates the greatest challenge for the leader? A. "Your plans for change can't realistically be implemented." B. "I don't think you heard what the rest of us had to say." C. "Do you have an idea what direction we need to go?" D. "Can you tell me why my suggestions will not work?"

A. "Your plans for change can't realistically be implemented." Feedback: The statement is a clear indication that the subordinate feels the leader is not listening and collaborating; this is a fatal flaw. The subordinate is not making a statement that leads to dialogue and solutions. The other statements express openness to explanation by and with the subordinate and leader

Two nurses have approached the manager and have asked the manager to speak to a nurse on the unit who has a reputation for being difficult to get along with. How can the manager best implement authentic leadership? A. Analyze the facts of the situation before making a decision. B. Meet with the "difficult" nurse to assess emotions. C. Encourage all three nurse to meet without the manager present. D. Encourage all three nurses to disregard their emotions.

A. Analyze the facts of the situation before making a decision.

The clinic leader tends to make decisions independently and closely supervisors and controls the practice of the nurses at the clinic. What type of leader ship is being exemplified? A. Authoritarian B. Democratic C. Laissez-faire D. A contingency approach

A. Authoritarian

The failure to engage in which activities are considered a fatal flow of leadership? Select all that apply. A. Collaboration with colleagues B. Communication with employees C. Self-improvement D. Staff development E. Determining salary scales for employees

A. Collaboration with colleagues B. Communication with employees C. Self-improvement D. Staff development

What actions by the nurse-manager are consistent with relationship age leadership? Select all that apply. A. Communicating regularly and openly with employees B. Encouraging teamwork to solve problems and address issues C. Including committee representatives from all areas that will be affected by achanged D. Recognizing staff members who have contributed to the organization's goals E. Encouraging competition between staff members to increase overall efficiency

A. Communicating regularly and openly with employees B. Encouraging teamwork to solve problems and address issues C. Including committee representatives from all areas that will be affected by a changed D. Recognizing staff members who have contributed to the organization's goals

The nurse manager is addressing and nurses suspected breach of client confidentiality in a social media posting. What function of the management process is this nurse-manager demonstrating? A. Controlling B. Staffing C. Directing D. Organizing

A. Controlling Feedback: Legal and ethical issues, such as violations of confidentiality, are categorized within the controlling function. Organizing includes establishing the structure to carry out plans, determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery, and grouping activities to meet unit goals. Staffing functions consist of recruiting, interviewing, hiring, and orienting staff. Directing entails human resource management responsibilities, such as motivating, managing conflict, delegating, communicating, and facilitating collaboration

A leader is applying the principles of emotional intelligence? What outcomes indicate successful application of these principles? A. Emotions are used effectively B. Emotions dominate decision making C. Expression of emotion indicates success D.Emotions are held in check

A. Emotions are used effectively

The leadership of a health-care organization has chosen to implement human capital theory. What actions should the organization promote in order to meet this goal? Select all that apply. A. Giving subsidies to nurses who want to advance their education B. Increasing the frequency of performance appraisals for managers C. Providing in-services and workshops for nurses and other care providers D. Increasing opportunities for families to participate in care planning E. Providing salary increases of 2% for all non-management staff

A. Giving subsidies to nurses who want to advance their education C. Providing in-services and workshops for nurses and other care providers

A nurse has been hired to oversee a day surgery clinic. What action will best ensure good outcomes for this nurse, the clients, and the employees of the clinic? A. Integrate nursing management and nursing leadership roles and practices B. Consciously develop the ability to be charismatic C. Teach all employees about the financial considerations at the clinic D. Implement the principles of authoritative leadership

A. Integrate nursing management and nursing leadership roles and practices