Exam review 1
A sonographer measures the perimeter of an anatomical structure. Which of the following choices is a reasonable value for the measurement? A. 6 cm2 B. 5 cc C. 15 mm D. 18 dB
15mm
A sack contains 6 pounds of flour. The contents of the bag are increased by a factor of 5. How much flour is in the bag?
30 pounds
The volume of a cystic structure is estimated from sonographic data. Which of the following is an acceptable measurement of this volume?
6cm^3
How many nanoseconds are in 7 seconds?
7 billion
A particle within a transverse wave is traveling vertically. What is the direction of the wave's propagation? A horizontal B vertical C can not be determined
A
As an ultrasound wave travels through the body, its amplitude usually: A. decreases B. increases C. remains the same D. cannot be determined
A
If the power of the beam is tripled while the cross-sectional area of the beam remains the same, the intensity ____. A triples B increases ninefold C remains the same D none of the above
A
The amplitude of an acoustic wave decreases from 27 pascals to 9 pascals. If the initial power I. The wave was 27 watts what is the waves final power? A 3 watts B 9 watts C 1 watt D none
A
The maximum value of the density of an acoustic wave is 60 lb/in^2 while the minimum density is 20 lb/in^2. What is the amplitude of the wave? A 20 lb/in2 B 40 lb/in2 C 60 lb/in2 D none of the above
A
Typically, as an ultrasound wave travels through soft tissue, the power of the wave: A. decreases B. increases C. remains the same
A
What are the units of the transmitted intensity of a sound wave? A w/cm2 B watts C dB D none, unitless
A
What determines the initial amplitude of an ultrasound wave? A transducer B medium through which sound travels C both Aand B D neither
A
What determines the initial intensity of an ultrasound beam? A the source of the sound wave B the medium through which the sound travels C both A and B D neither
A
What determines the period of an ultrasound wave? A transducer B the medium through which the sound travels C both A and B D neither A or B
A
What establishes the frequency of an ultrasound wave? A transducer B medium through sound travels C A and B D neither
A
What happens to an acoustic beams intensity when the power in the beam increases by 25% while the cross sectional area of the beam remains the same? A increases by 25% B increases by 75 C increases by 50 D decreases by 25
A
What happens to the intensity of an ultrasound beam when the beams cross sectional area remains unchanged while the amplitude of the wave triples? A it triples B increases ninefold C remains the same D nine of the above
A
What is the wavelength of 2 MHz sound in soft tissue? A .77 mm B cannot be determined C 1.54 mm D 2 mm
A
Which of the following type of waves do not require a medium in order to propagate? A light B heat C sound D television
A B D
What are the units for particle motion? A miles B PA C cm D Fahrenheit
A C
Which of the following are acceptable units for the amplitude of an acoustic wave? A cm B pascals C gauss D watts
A and B
Which of the following units are appropriate to describe the period of an acoustic wave? A minutes B microseconds C meters D mm/us E cubic centimeters
A and B
What is the reciprocal of 1000?
0.001
Mathematically when a number is squared the number is multiplied by: A2 B 0.5 C itself D 1.5
C
The frequency of a continuous acoustic wave is 5 MHz. The wave is then pulsed with a duty factor of 0.1. What is the new frequency? A 0.5 B 0.5 MHz C 5MHz D 10 MHz
C
The intensity of an ultrasound beam is defined as the ——- in a beam ——-by the —— of the beam. A power multiplied diameter B amplitude divided area C power divided area D amplitude multiplied circumference
C
The power of an ultrasound wave can be reported with which of the following units? A watts/ square centimeter B dB/cm C watts D kg/cm2
C
The wavelength of an ultrasonic wave is determined by: A the sound source B the medium through which the wave travels C both A and B D neither
C
What are the units of intensity? A watts B watts/cm C watts / cm2 D dB
C
With standard ultrasonic imaging, what happens to the period of a wave as it propagates? A increase B decrease C remain the same
C
What are the units for density? A centigrade degrees B Pa C lb/in^3 D kg/m^3
C D
Compare two sound waves, A and B. The freq of wave A is 1/3 that of wave B. How does the period of wave A compare with the period of wave B? A) A is 1/3 as long as B B) A is the same as wave B C) A is 3x as long as B D) cannot be determined
C.
Select the sequence that appears in increasing order. A. mega, kilo, hecto, milli, giga B. nano, milli, micro, deci, deca, mega C. centi, deci, deca, hecto D. milli, hecto, centi, deci, nano, giga
C.
Sound can be characterized as: A. energy flowing through a vacuum B. a variable C. cyclical oscillations in certain variables D. a principle of acoustics
C.
The speed of red blood cells traveling through a blood vessel is 750 cm/sec. You are asked to measure this speed in miles per hour. What information would be sufficient for you to complete your task? A. how many seconds in a minute and how many blood cells in the vessel B. the number of miles in a meter C. how many seconds per hour and the number of miles in a centimeter D. the direction of red blood cell motion and the Doppler shift frequency
C.
Two waves arrive at the same location and interfere. The resultant sound wave is smaller than either of the two original waves. What is this called? A constructive interference B angular interaction C destructive interference D in phase waves
C.
Waves that exist at the same location and time will combine. What is this called? A inference B rarefaction C interference D longitudinal interaction
C.
When a sonographer increases the maximum imaging depth during an exam, what happens to the frequency? A increases B decreases C remain unchanged
C.
———— is the reciprocal of period. A inverse period B prp C frequency D propagation period
C.
How are calorie intake and weight related?
Directly
Which of the following cannot be considered a unit of frequency? A per day B cycles/sec C Hx D hertz E cycles
E.
How are weight related to a sonigraphers time spent exercising?
Inversely related
Is frequency an acoustic variable?
No
Is intensity an acoustic variable?
No
Is propagation speed an acoustic variable?
No
Is voltage an acoustic variable?
No
is wavelength an acoustic variable?
No
True or false? A sonographer can routinely change the power of a wave emitted by a transducer used in diagnostic ultrasonic imaging
True
True or false? If the period of two waves are the same, the frequencies of the waves must also be the same.
True
True or false? The period of an ultrasound wave is related to the frequency and is the same, regardless of whether the wave is pulsed or continuous.
True
True or false? Waves in the ultrasound range behave in the same general manner as sound waves that are audible.
True
True or false? With diagnostic ultrasonic imaging instruments the operator can alter the intensity of an ultrasound beam produced by a transducer.
True
True or false? With standard diagnostic imaging instrumentation the sonographer has the ability to vary the amplitude of a sound wave produced by the transducer
True
Are the motion of particles in the wave an acoustic variable?
Yes
Is density an acoustic variable?
Yes
is pressure an acoustic variable?
Yes
As sound travels through a medium, what term describes the effects of the medium on the sound wave?
acoustic propagation properties
Giga means
billion
nano means
billionth
What term is used to describe the effects of an ultrasound wave on living tissues?
biological effects
How are scores on the ultrasound board exams related to study time?
directly related
hecto means
hundred
How can the volume of an irregularly shaped object be taken?
measure water, put object in and measure water, subtract 1st measure measure of water from second
Which term is the reciprocal of mega?
micro
Mega means (in words)
million
What are the units associated with the circumference of a circle?
mm
What are the acoustic variables?
pressure, density, distance
Kilo means
thousand
milli means
thousandth
What is the name of the horizontal axis of a graph?
x-axis
What is the vertical axis of a graph?
y-axis
What are the units of a pressure measurement of an acoustic wave? A atmosphere (atm) B pascals C millimeters of mercury D pounds/ sq.inch
ABCD
A pair of waves are in phase. What occurs when these waves interfere? A reflection B constructive interference C refraction D destructive interference
B
All of the following statements are true about sound waves EXCEPT: A they are mechanical B they are transverse C they carry energy from place to place D they generally travel in a straight line
B
As sound travels in the body, what typically happens to the intensity of the wave? A increases B decreases C remains the same
B
Infrasound is defined as sound with a frequency of ______. A. greater than 20,000 kHz B. less than 20 Hz C. greater than 10 Mhz D. less than 0.02 MHz
B
The wavelength of a cycle in an ultrasound wave can be reported with which units? A units of time B units of distance C units of area D mm only
B
What happens when power in an ultrasound beam is unchanged and at the same time the beam are doubles? A doubles B is halved C is quartered D remains the same
B
What is the range of periods commonly found in waves produced by ultrasound systems? A 0.001- 1 s B 0.06-0.5 us C 0.2- 1 ms D 10-100 ns
B
What term describes the number of cycles that an acoustic variable completes in a second? A period B frequency C prp D variable rate
B
The amplitude of an acoustic wave is increased.which of the following will most likely remain unchanged? A power B frequency C period D intensity
B and C
Which of the following statements is true of all waves? A. They travel through a medium B. All carry energy from one side to another C. Their amplitude do not change D. They travel in a straight line
B.
How much bigger is a billion than a million?
1,000 times
What is the reciprocal of 5?
1/5
A bouquet has 30 flowers. The size of the bouquet is decreased by a factor of 3. How many flowers remain?
10
What is the reciprocal of 1/10?
10
Sound is best described as _____. A. a series of compressions and rarefactions B. a transverse wave C. a wave humans can hear D. an oblique displacement of acoustic energy
A.
Which of the following is not a measure of are? A. Square cm B. Meters squared C. Cubic meters D. Feetxfeet
Cubic meters
A force is applied to a surface. If the force is tripled and the surface area over which the force is applied is also tripled, what is the new pressure? A. three times larger than the original B. one third of the original C. six times more than the original D. unchanged
D
A sonographer adjusts the output power of the wave emitted by the transducer. Which of the following also changes? A PRP B PRF C propagation speed D intensity
D
The direction of motion of a particle in a wave is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. What type of wave is this? A longitudinal B acoustic C mechanical D transverse
D
The final amplitude of an acoustic wave is reduced to one-half of its original value. the final power is ___ the original power. A. the same as B. one-half C. double D. none of the above
D
The letters below represent the abbreviations for the prefixes of the metric system. A. m,k,M,g,da B. g,m,k,d,u C. g,k,di,m,u,n D. M,k,da,d,c
D
Ultrasound is defined as a sound with a frequency of _______. A. greater than 2,000 kHz B. less than 1 kHz C. greater than 10MHz D. greater than 0.02 MHz
D
What is characteristic of acoustic waves with frequencies exceeding 20,000 Hz when compared with waves having frequencies of less than 20,000 Hz? A they travel more effectively in soft tissue B they travel more rapidly C they attenuate less when traveling in soft tissue D humans can't hear them
D
What is characteristic of acoustic waves with frequencies of less than 20 Hz when compared with waves having frequencies of more than 20 Hz? A they travel less effectively in soft tissue B they travel more rapidly C they attenuate more when traveling in soft tissue D humans can't hear them
D
What is the range of frequencies emitted by transducer used in ultrasonic imaging? A 1-3 MHz B 1-1000 kHz C -10000-10000 Hz D 2,000,000-15,000,000 hz
D
Which of the following describes the characteristics of a sound wave? A longitudinal non mechanical B mechanical transverse C transverse acoustic D mechanical longitudinal
D
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between frequency and wavelength for sound traveling in soft tissue? A reciprocal B direct C related D inverse
D
What are units for pressure? A lb/in^3 B Fahrenheit degrees C miles D Pa E lb/in^2
D E
When the power in an acoustic beam is doubled and the cross-sectional area of the beam is halved, then the intensity of the beam is: A. doubled B. halved C. quartered D. four times larger
D.
True or false? The sonographer has the ability to alter the period of an ultrasound wave that is produced by a basic transducer
False
True or false? With standard ultrasound pulses, the frequency of the ultrasound changed significantly as the wave propagates through the body.
False
