Exercise 2 (A&P I Lab)
Explain why an artery is an organ.
Because, it is formed by 2 or more tissues and it works together with other organs to perform a vital body function.
Name the organ system that the liver, large intestine, and rectum belong to.
Digestive system
Name the organ system that the pancreas and pituitary gland belong to.
Endocrine system
List the four primary tissue types.
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue
Name the cells that are produced by the testes and ovaries.
Gametes (sex cells) (sperm & eggs)
Individuals with asplenia are missing their spleen or have a spleen that doesn't function well. It is recommended that these patients talk to their doctor about vaccines that are indicated for their health condition. Explain how this recommendation correlated to their chronic health condition.
Individuals with asplenia have a decreased or absent splenic filtration system and a decreased amount of antibody, placing them at risk for infection.
Name the organ system that the epidermis, dermis, and cutaneous sense organs belong to.
Integumentary system
Explain the role that the skeletal system plays in facilitating cardiovascular system function.
Its cavities provide a site for blood cell formation, which the cardiovascular system then transports.
The mother of a child scheduled to receive a thymectomy (removal of the thymus gland) asks you whether there will be any side effects from the removal of the gland. Which two organ systems would you mention in your explanation?
Lymphatic & endocrine
Name the organ system that the thymus, spleen, and lymphatic vessels belong to.
Lymphatic system
Nervous System
Major Component Organs -Brain -Spinal cord -Nerves -Sensory receptors Function -Allows the body to detect changes in its internal and external environment and to respond to such information by activating appropriate muscles or glands -Helps maintain homeostasis of the body via rapid transmission of electrical signals
Muscular System
Major Component Organs -Muscles attached to the skeleton Function -Primary function is to contract or shorten; in doing so, skeletal muscles allow locomotion (running, walking, etc), grasping and manipulation of the environment, and facial expression -Generates heat
Integumentary System
Major Component Organs - Skin -Hair -Nails -Cutaneous sense organs and glands Function -Protects deeper organs from mechanical, chemical, and bacterial injury, and from drying out -Excretes salts and urea -Aids in regulation of body temp. Produces vitamin D
Skeletal System
Major Component Organs -Bones -Cartilage -Tendons -Ligaments -Joints Function -Body support and protection of internal organs -Provides levers for muscular action -Cavities provide a site for blood cell formation -Bones store minerals
Cardiovascular System
Major Component Organs -Heart -Blood vessels Function -Primarily a transport system that carries blood containing oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes, ions, hormones, and other substances to and from the tissue cells where exchanges are made; blood is propelled through the blood vessels by the pumping actions of the heart -Antibodies and other protein molecules in the blood protect the bod
Urinary System
Major Component Organs -Kidneys -Ureters -Bladder -Urethra Function -Rids the body of nitrogen-containing wastes including: urea, uric acid, and ammonia, which result from the breakdown of proteins in nucleic acid -Maintains water, electrolyte , and acid-base balance of the blood
Lymphatic System
Major Component Organs -Lymphatic vessels -Lymph nodes -Spleen -Thymus Function -Picks up fluid leaked from the blood vessels and returns it to the blood -Cleanses blood of pathogens and other debris -Houses lymphocytes that act via the immune response to protect the body from foreign substances
Respiratory System
Major Component Organs -Nasal cavity -Pharynx -Larynx -Trachea -Bronchi -Lungs Function -Keeps the blood continuously supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide -Contributes to the acid-base balance of the blood
Digestive System
Major Component Organs -Oral cavity -Pharynx -Esophagus -Stomach -Small & Large intestines -Teeth -Salivary glands -Liver -Pancreas Function -Breaks down ingested foods to smaller particles, which can be absorbed into the blood for delivery to the body cells -Undigested residue removed from the body as feces
Endocrine System
Major Component Organs -Pituitary gland -Thymus gland -Thyroid gland -Parathyroid gland -Adrenal gland -Pineal gland -Ovaries -Testes -Pancreas Function -Helps maintain body homeostasis, promotes growth and development, produces chemical messengers called hormones that travel in the blood to exert their effect(s) on various target organs of the body
Reproductive System
Major Component Organs Male: -Testes -Prostate gland -Scrotum -Penis -Duct system (which carries sperm to the exterior of the body) Female: -Ovaries -Uterine tubes -Uterus -Mammary glands -Vagina Function Male: Provides gametes (sex cells) called sperm for perpetuation of the species Female: Provides gametes called eggs; the uterus houses the developing fetus until birth, mammary glands provide nutrition for the infant
Name the organ system that the testis and prostate belong to.
Reproductive system
Untreated diabetes mellitus can lead to a condition in which the blood is more acidic than normal. Name two organ systems that play the largest role in compensating for acid-base imbalances.
Respiratory & urinary
Name the organ system that the trachea, bronchi, and lungs belong to.
Respiratory system
Name the organ system that the bones, cartilages, and tendons belong to.
Skeletal system
Name the two main organ systems that communicate within the body to maintain homeostasis. Briefly explain their different control mechanisms.
The nervous & endocrine system The nervous system communicates through neural electrical impulses, while the endocrine system uses bloodborne hormones.
Name the organ system that the kidneys, ureter, and urethra belong to.
Urinary system
