Exercise 32 Review Sheet : Anatomy of Blood Vessels (A&P)

Trace the flow of a drop of blood from the small intestine to the right atrium of the heart, noting all structures encountered or passed through on the way.

Capillaries of small intestine → superior mesenteric vein → hepatic portal vein → liver sinusoids → hepatic vein → inferior vena cava → right atrium of heart

Considering their functional differences, why do you think the walls of arteries are proportionately thicker than those of the corresponding veins?

Arteries must withstand high pressure and pressure fluctuations. Veins are low pressure vessels.

The anterior and middle cerebral arise from the __1__ artery. They serve the __2__ of the brain.

1) internal carotid 2) cerebrum

Name two events occurring within the body that aid in venous return.

1) skeletal muscle "milking action" 2) changes in thoracic cavity pressure during breathing

Trace the pathway of oxygen gas molecules from an alveolus of the lung to the right atrium of the heart. Name all structures through which it passes. Circle the areas of gas exchange

Alveolus alveolar/capillary walls* pulmonary vein left atrium bicuspid (mitral) valve left ventricle aortic semilunar valve aorta systemic arteries capillary beds of tissues* systemic veins superior or inferior vena cava right atrium

Trace the pathway of a drop of blood from the aorta to the left occipital lobe of the brain, noting all structures which it flows.

Aorta → subclavian artery → vertebral artery → basilar artery → posterior cerebral artery → occipital brain tissue.

Trace the blood flow for each of the following situations : a) from the capillary beds of the left thumb to the capillary beds of the right thumb

Digital vein, L radial vein, L brachial vein, L axillary vein, L subclavian vein, L brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, R atrium, R ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary artery, lobar artery, pulmonary capillaries of the lung, lobar veins, pulmonary veins, L atrium, L ventricle, aortic arch, brachiocephalic artery, R subclavian artery, R axillary artery, R brachial artery, R radial artery, digital artery

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Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual, Main Version / Edition 11 (CREATED NOV. 2017)

Trace the pathway of a carbon dioxide gas molecule in the blood from the inferior vena cava until it leaves the bloodstream. Name all structures (vessels, heart chambers, and others) passed through en route.

Inferior vena cava right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk right or left pulmonary artery lobar artery pulmonary capillary beds in lungs air sacs (alveoli) of lungs.

What is the function of the cerebral arterial circle?

Protection - it provides alternate pathways for blood to reach the brain tissue

Why are valves present in veins but not arteries?

The high blood pressure in arteries propels the blood through them. The blood pressure in veins is low and often the blood is flowing against gravity. Valves prevent back flow.

How do the arteries of the pulmonary circulation differ structurally from the systemic arteries? What condition is indicated by this anatomical difference?

The pulmonary arteries are more like veins anatomically. - relatively thin walls, reflecting the fact that pulmonary circulation is a low pressure bed

Most arteries of the adult body carry oxygen-rich blood, and the veins carry oxygen-depleted, carbon dioxide-rich blood. How does this differ in the pulmonary arteries and veins?

The pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Trace the blood flow for each of the following situations : b) from the mitral valve to the tricuspid valve by way of the great toe

Through mitral valve into left ventricle, aorta, common iliac artery, external iliac artery, femoral artery, posterior tibial artery, medial plantar artery, digital artery, capillary beds, digital vein, plantar arch, plantar vein, posterior tibial vein, femoral vein, external iliac vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava, right atrium, then through tricuspid valve

celiac trunk

an arterial trunk that has three major branches, which run to the liver, spleen, and stomach

radial

artery generally used to take the pulse at the wrist

dorsalis pedis

artery on the dorsum of the foot

renal

artery serving the kidney

brachial

artery that branches into radial and ulnar arteries

inferior mesenteric

artery that supplies the distal half of the large intestine

What is the source of blood in the hepatic portal system?

blood drained from the digestive viscera

Tunica media

contains smooth muscle and elastin

internal iliac

drains the pelvic organs

brachial

formed by the union of the radial and ulnar veins

anterior artery fibular posterior tibial great saphenous

four veins serving the leg

Tunica intima

innermost tunic has a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow thin tunic of capillaries

common iliac

join to form the inferior vena cava

great saphenous

longest vein in the lower limb

deep artery of the thigh

main artery that serves the thigh muscles

external carotid

major artery serving the tissues external to the skull

Tunica externa

most superficial tunic

What serves as a respiratory/digestive/excretory organ for the fetus?

placenta

superior mesenteric

supplies most of the small intestine

phrenic

supplies the diaphram

brachiocephalic

the arterial system has one of these; the venous system has two

Why is this blood carried to the liver before it enters the systemic circulation?

the blood is rich in nutrients. its phagocytes also cleanse the blood of debris.

coronary

these arteries supply the myocardium

internal carotid vertebral

two paired arteries serving the brain

basilic cephalic

two superficial veins of the arm

hepatic

veins draining the liver

Cross sectional views of an artery and of a vein are shown here. Identify each...

vessel type : artery a) open, circular lumen b) thick media vessel type : vein a) somewhat collapsed lumen b) thinner media

femoral

what the external iliac artery becomes on entry into the thigh