EXERCISE 8 QUIZ

The spinal cord ends __________. (a) At T12 (b) Between T9 and T10 (c) At S5 (d) At L5 (e) Between L1 and L2

(e) Between L1 and L2

Identify the correct primary tissue type shown in this image. (a) Nervous (b) Epithelial (c) Muscle (d) Connective

(a) Nervous

Where is the posterior gray horn located in the sequence of structures through which sensory impulses pass as they enter the spinal cord and travel toward the brain? (a) between posterior (dorsal) root and white column (b) between anterior (ventral) root and posterior (dorsal) root (c) between spinal nerve and posterior (dorsal) root (d) between anterior (ventral )root and posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

(a) between posterior (dorsal) root and white column

Spinal nerves ______________. (1) Are part of the PNS (2) Connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effectors in all parts of the body (3) Are named according to the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge (4) Are mixed nerves (5) Only transmit sensory information (6) Only transmit motor information.

(1) Are part of the PNS (2) Connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effectors in all parts of the body (3) Are named according to the region of the vertebral column from which they emerge (4) Are mixed nerves

In response to a muscle being stretched, a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes ____________. (1) Contraction of the effector muscle (2) Relaxation of the antagonist muscle (3) Contraction of the antagonist muscle (4) Relaxation of the effector muscle.

(1) Contraction of the effector muscle (2) Relaxation of the antagonist muscle

In response to a tendon being stretched excessively, a tendon organ initiates a somatic spinal reflex that causes (1) Contraction of the effector muscle (2) Relaxation of the antagonist muscle (3) Contraction of the antagonist muscle (4) Relaxation of the effector muscle.

(3) Contraction of the antagonist muscle (4) Relaxation of the effector muscle.

Place the reflex arc components in order from detecting a stimulus to response. (1) Motor neuron (2) Effector (3) Sensory neuron (4) Integration center (5) Sensory receptor

(5) Sensory receptor (3) Sensory neuron (4) Integration center (1) Motor neuron (2) Effector

Which of the following has a branch that forms nerves serving the limbs? (a) Anterior (ventral) rami (b) Posterior (dorsal) rami (c) Rami communicantes

(a) Anterior (ventral) rami

This neuron structure receives information from receptors or other neurons. (a) Dendrite (b) Cell body (c) Axon

(a) Dendrite

Where is the posterior (dorsal) root located in the sequence of structures through which sensory impulses pass as they enter the spinal cord and travel toward the brain? (a) between the posterior (dorsal) root and posterior gray horn (b) between the spinal nerve and posterior (dorsal) root (c) between the posterior (dorsal)root and white column (d) between the anterior (ventral) root and posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

(a) between the posterior (dorsal) root and posterior gray horn

An excitatory neurotransmitter _____ the postsynaptic membrane. (a) Does not affect the polarity of (b) Depolarizes (c) Hyperpolarizes (d) Creates a synaptic delay at (e) Repolarizes

(b) Depolarizes

Which nerve fibers carry impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles? (a) Both Efferent and Afferent (b) Efferent (c) Afferent (d) Association

(b) Efferent

A postsynaptic neuron responds to acetylcholine neurotransmitter by creating __________. (a) Neither EPSP or IPSP (b) EPSP (c) Either EPSP or IPSP (d) IPSP

(b) Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Which of these allows more potassium to exit the neuron and helps in maintaining the resting membrane potential? (a) Voltage-gated channel (b) Leak channel (c) Ligand-gated channel (d) Mechanically gated channel

(b) Leak channel

A broken forearm resulted in an inability to pronate the forearm and loss of finger movement in digits 1-3. Which nerve was injured? (a) Axillary (b) Median (c) Ulnar (c) Radial

(b) Median

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that leads to destruction of myelin in the Central Nervous System. Which nervous tissue cell would be most involved? (a) Schwann cells (b) Oligodendrocytes (c) Satellite cells (d) Astrocytes

(b) Oligodendrocytes

If these structures were severed, the nerve impulses from pain and stretch receptors would not reach the CNS. (a) Gray horns (b) Posterior root of spinal nerves (c) White columns (d) Rami communicantes (e) Anterior root of spinal nerves

(b) Posterior root of spinal nerve

Where is a trigger zone located in the sequence of structures involved in receiving and sending a nerve impulse? (a) between cell body and trigger zone (b) between axon hillock and axon (c) between axon and synapse (d) between trigger zone and axon terminal

(b) between axon hillock and axon

Which of the following are functions of the spinal cord? (a) carry sensory information to the brain and motor output to nerves (b) both of these choices are functions of the spinal cord (C) mediate spinal reflexes

(b) both of these choices are functions of the spinal cord

The thin meninx intimate with the spinal cord is called the: (a) dura mater (b) pia mater (c) arachnoid mater

(b) pia mater

Identify the structure seen here. (a) Pia mater and Arachnoid mater (b) Dura mater (c) Epidural space (d) Subarachnoid space

(c) Epidural space

These cells contain processes that receive and generate electrical signals to communicate with other cells. (a) Connective (b) Epithelial (c) Nervous (d) Muscle

(c) Nervous

The structural and functional units of the nervous system are the _____________. (a) Microglia (b) Schwann cells (c) Neurons (d) Ependymal cells

(c) Neurons

Identify the structure seen here. (a) Subdural space (b) Subarachnoid space (c) Pia mater (d) Dura mater

(c) Pia mater

Hearing your cell phone ring in an quiet lecture hall is an example of which nervous system functions? (a) Motor function (b) Integrative function (c) Sensory function (d) More than one of the types of nervous system functions

(c) Sensory function

Identify the structure seen here. (a) Subdural space (b) Pia mater and Arachnoid mater (c) Subarachnoid space (d) Dura mater

(c) Subarachnoid space

What best describes the communication event occurring at number 3 in the image? (a) a graded potential starts in a sensory receptor in the skin (b) a synapse in the thalamus creates a graded potential followed by an action potential in a secondary interneuron which reaches the cerebral cortex (c) at a synapse, a presynaptic sensory neuron stimulates the postsynaptic interneuron to form a graded potential in its cell body

(c) at a synapse, a presynaptic sensory neuron stimulates the postsynaptic interneuron to form a graded potential in its cell body

Identify the structure seen here. (a) Subarachnoid space (b) Pia mater (c) Subdural space (d) Dura mater

(d) Dura mater

Shingles is a condition characterized by pain, discoloration of the skin, and eruption of skin blisters along a sensory nerve. It is caused by the herpes zoster virus, the same virus that causes chicken pox. The herpes virus retreats into sensory neurons after chicken pox and remains dormant in the ____ of the spinal cord until it is activated and causes a shingles outbreak. (a) Posterior (dorsal) horn (b) Lateral horn (c) Anterior (ventral) horn (d) Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

(d) Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion

Excitation of the quadriceps femoris group and inhibition of the hamstring group is termed _______ innervation. (a) Crossed-extensor (b) Intersegmental (c) Antagonist-effector (d) Reciprocal (e) Ipsilateral

(d) Reciprocal

Where is an axon hillock located in the sequence of structures involved in receiving and sending a nerve impulse? (a) between axon terminal and second neuron or effector (b) between trigger zone and axon terminal (c) between axon and synapse (d) between cell body and trigger zone

(d) between cell body and trigger zone

Where is the posterior (dorsal) root ganglion located in the sequence of structures through which sensory impulses pass as they enter the spinal cord and travel toward the brain? (a) between the white column and posterior gray horn (b) between the posterior gray horn and posterior root (c) between the posterior (dorsal) root and ventral root (d) between the spinal nerve and posterior (dorsal) root

(d) between the spinal nerve and posterior (dorsal) root

The femoral nerve originates from the: (a) sacral plexus (b) cervical plexus (c) brachial plexus (d) lumbar plexus

(d) lumbar plexus

The sciatic nerve originates from the: (a) cervical plexus (b) brachial plexus (c) lumbar plexus (d) sacral plexus

(d) sacral plexus

A depolarizing graded potential ___________. (a) Occurs when acetylcholine enters the cytosol (b) Occurs on the axon (c) Occurs when chloride enters the cytosol (d) Makes the membrane more polarized (e) Makes the membrane less polarized

(e) Makes the membrane less polarized

Which of the following parts of a reflex arc would involve the posterior root ganglion? (a) Motor neuron (b) Interneuron (c) Effector (d) Integrating center (e) Sensory neuron

(e) Sensory neuron

A typical spinal nerve has how many connections to the spinal cord? 2 4 1 5 3

2

T/F: In an ipsilateral reflex arc, the sensory receptors and effectors are on opposite sides of the body. In a contralateral reflex arc, the sensory receptors and effectors are on the same side of the body.

False - In a contralateral reflex arc, the sensory receptors and effectors are on opposite sides of the body. In an ipsilateral reflex arc, the sensory receptors and effectors are on the same side of the body.

T/F: A reflex is a rapid, involuntary response to a stimulus.

True

T/F: Reciprocal innervation is the stimulation of agonist muscles with the simultaneous inhibition of antagonist muscles.

True