Exercise Biology Chapter 8 Review

Why does hyperventilation decrease the drive to breathe? a. It decreases PCO2 and increases pH. b. It increases PCO2 and decreases pH. c. It increases PO2 and decreases pH. d. It decreases PO2.

a. It decreases PCO2 and increases pH.

Chemical buffers in the blood are only a short-term solution for blood acidosis after exercise. a. True b. False

a. True

Many scientists view cardiac output as the limiting factor for VO2max. a. True b. False

a. True

Maximal heart rate is determined by age, not fitness status. a. True b. False

a. True

Which of the following is commonly used to estimate HRmax? a. maximal cardiac output or maximal stroke volume b. 220 - age in years c. (220 age in years) / 0.7 d. the lactate threshold

b. 220 - age in years

For most individuals, stroke volume starts to plateau at approximately _____% of a. 25 b. 50 c. 75 d. 100

b. 50

Active recovery leads to additional acid production and should be avoided after exercise. a. True b. False

b. False

Which type of blood vessel is primarily responsible for redirecting blood flow? a. arteries b. arterioles c. capillaries d. venules e. veins

b. arterioles

When neural and circulating norepinephrine leads to an increase in stroke volume, it is due to a. increased preload b. increased contractility c. increased afterload d. increased resistance

b. increased contractility

Accumulation of metabolic by-products in muscle (H+, CO2, heat) leads to a. vasoconstriction b. vasodilation c. sympathetic activation d. reduced muscle blood flow

b. vasodilation

Increased blood pressure during exercise has what effect on plasma volume? a. It increases due to increased capillary oncotic pressure. b. It decreases due to decreased capillary oncotic pressure. c. It decreases due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure. d. It increases due to increased tissue oncotic pressure.

c. It decreases due to increased capillary hydrostatic pressure.

If the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen starts to increase and at the same time the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide does not increase, this means that a. aerobic metabolism is increasing b. ventilation is becoming more efficient c. anaerobic metabolism is increasing d. ventilation is not meeting oxygen demands of the body

c. anaerobic metabolism is increasing

VO2max is likely to be limited by a. substrate availability b. H+ ion accumulation c. cardiac output d. all of these

c. cardiac output

Compared to other skeletal muscles, respiratory muscles a. have a greater anaerobic capacity b. have fewer capillaries c. have a greater oxidative capacity d. have a greater ratio of type II to type I fibers

c. have a greater oxidative capacity

During moderate exercise in the heat, which vascular beds receive the most blood flow? a. muscle, splanchnic (gut) b. muscle, renal (kidneys) c. muscle, skin d. muscle, brain

c. muscle, skin

If blood pressure is relatively low, will it have an effect on stroke volume? Why? a. no, because blood pressure has no effect on end-diastolic volume b. yes, because they are both indicators of good cardiovascular health c. yes, because the left ventricle pumps against less resistance d. no, because the vasculature does not affect cardiac function

c. yes, because the left ventricle pumps against less resistance

Which of these systolic pressures would realistically be seen at maximal endurance exercise? a. 80 mmHg b. 120 mmHg c. 160 mmHg d. 200 mmHg

d. 200 mmHg

Hyperventilation causes a. an increase in oxygen b. an increase in carbon dioxide c. a decrease in oxygen d. a decrease in carbon dioxide

d. a decrease in carbon dioxide

Urine produced after strenuous exercise is most likely __________ compared to urine produced before exercise. a. mildly alkaline b. strongly alkaline c. neutral d. acidic

d. acidic

If dehydration causes hematocrit to rise to 60%, what is the consequence? a. enhanced exercise capacity due to higher red blood cell concentration b. enhanced exercise capacity due to lower blood viscosity c. diminished exercise capacity due to enhanced venous return d. diminished exercise capacity due to impeded blood flow

d. diminished exercise capacity due to impeded blood flow

Compared to untrained individuals, trained endurance athletes have a. higher maximal heart rates b. higher resting cardiac outputs c. higher resting heart rates d. higher maximal stroke volumes

d. higher maximal stroke volumes