Exercise Physiology QUIZ Ch. 20 & 21

Which lipoprotein fraction is deposited in atherosclerotic plaque? a. HDL b. LDL c. VLDL d. triglycerides

b

Which of these recreational activities would also be good for endurance training? a. softball b. hiking c. bowling d. golf

b

The ____________ scale helps to quantify perceived exertion by using a rating scale ranging from 6 to 20.

Borg RPE

The use of maximal heart rate reserve to establish an appropriate THR is also known as the ____________ method.

Karvonen

A good warm-up can reduce a. muscle and joint soreness b. submaximal heart rate c. flexibility d. force of muscle contraction

a

Deaths during exercise are a. rare b. somewhat common c. very common d. a myth

a

Physical activity guidelines for Americans recommend _________ hours per week of moderate-intensity or __________ hours per week of vigorous-intensity exercise. a. 2.5, 1.25 b. 5, 2.5 c. 1, 2.5 d. 3, 1.75

a

The displacement hypothesis is most valid in which population? a. inactive adults b. professional athletes c. prepubescent children d. bodybuilders

a

The most common initial symptom of myocardial ischemia is a. chest pain b. heart attack c. stroke d. numbness

a

_________________ is the clinical term for high blood pressure.

hypertension

___________________________ diseases occur in the systemic arteries and veins instead of the coronary or cerebral vessels.

peripheral vascular

Instead of setting a single target THR value, it is preferable to use a THR ________, which allows individuals to start at a lower THR value and gradually increase intensity.

range

Discuss the six factors that determine an exercise prescription. What is the relative importance of each factor?

-frequency -intensity -time -type -volume -progression

Describe three methods for monitoring exercise intensity. What are the advantages (or drawbacks) of each method?

-talk test -RPE -HR monitoring

Explain what a graded exercise test entails. For which populations is a GXT recommended before beginning an exercise program and why?

-used to estimate max oxygen consumption of an individual -12 min walk/run -measuring HR at at several exercise intensities, extrapolating to HR max -diagnose/verify coronary artery disease -recommended for those at high risk to make sure it is safe for the client to perform physical activity

As little as _______ minutes of low-intensity physical activity can positively affect glucose metabolism.

2 minutes

For most people, the appropriate exercise intensity for aerobic health benefits is a. b. c. d.

40% to 80% of their VO2max

__________________ is the training heart rate index that allows for improvement in aerobic capacity with training since submaximal heart rate will change with conditioning. a. THR range b. Maximal heart rate reserve c. The Cooper method d. The Karvonen method

A

A drawback of using MET calculations for estimating exercise intensity is that they a. account too much for environmental conditions b. fail to account for physical conditioning c. do not vary at all between individuals d. are not based on oxygen consumption

B

When death occurs during exercise in someone who is 41 years old, it usually results from a. congenital coronary artery anomalies b. aortic aneurysm c. cardiac arrhythmia from atherosclerosis d. myocarditis

c

The process of atherosclerosis starts around age a. 50 b. 36 c. 18 d. 3

d

Which of these is not a prescribed mode of aerobic endurance exercise? a. swimming b. cycling c. rowing d. golfing

d

The ________________ is the innermost layer of the tunica intima.

endothelium

The pathology and physiology of a specific disease process are referred to with the term ___________________.

pathophysiology

When exercise intensity is gauged based on how difficult the exercise seems at the moment, this is known as a rating of _____________________.

perceived exertion

Platelets that have attached to a site of exposed connective tissue on the tunica intima release _______________________________, which promotes migration of nearby smooth muscle cells.

platelet derived growth factor

The ___________________________________ refers to the accuracy with which an abnormal exercise test result actually reflects the presence of a certain disease.

predicted value of an abnormal exercise test

______________ heart disease is a specific condition in which acute rheumatic fever leads to permanent damage to the heart valves.

rheumatic

An exercise test's ability to correctly identify people who have a certain disease is called ________________.

sensitivity

An exercise test's ability to correctly identify healthy people who do not have a certain disease is called ____________________.

specialty

____________ is a form of cardiovascular disease that affects cerebral arteries and restricts or obstructs blood flow to the brain

stroke

_______________ blood pressure is the highest pressure seen in the arteries.

systolic

An exercise program must reach a minimum _______________; otherwise the exercise will not be sufficient to bring about any aerobic benefits of training.

threshold

The general concept of __________________ is based on the known linear relationship between heart rate and during exercise.

training heart rate

A treadmill GXT is the most common type of exercise testing. a. True b. False

true

Aerobic exercise below the minimum threshold will not yield significant improvements in aerobic capacity. a. True b. False

true

Cardiovascular diseases claim more lives than all forms of cancer combined. a. True b. False

true

Compounds in cigarette smoke contribute to vessel wall inflammation in CHD. a. True b. False

true

Diabetes and insulin resistance are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. a. True b. False

true

Exercise ECGs have limited value in young and healthy populations. a. True b. False

true

Exercise leads to an increase in the total cholesterol-to-HDL ratio. a. True b. False

true

Fatty streaks are associated with the formation of atherosclerosis. a. True b. False

true

Medical evaluations can provide motivation for sticking with an exercise routine. a. True b. False

true

Most hypertension cases are of unknown origin. a. True b. False

true

Published MET values for specific activities can, in reality, vary considerably among individuals. a. True b. False

true

RPE is a simple but not very accurate method of monitoring exercise intensity. a. True b. False

true

Regular exercise counteracts the negative effects of prolonged sitting. a. True b. False

true

The Karvonen method for calculating THR involves maximal heart rate reserve. a. True b. False

true

chronic, progressive weakening of the heart is associated with heart failure. a. True b. False

true

_______________ heart diseases affect one or more of the heart valves, impairing the effective flow of blood through the heart.

vascular

In any exercise program, the ____________ activities usually include low-intensity calisthenic-type exercises designed to gradually increase heart rate and breathing.

warm up

High levels of ___________________ cholesterol are considered to be beneficial and protective against cardiovascular disease.

HDL

High levels of ___________________ cholesterol are a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease.

LDL

CRP is a proposed CHD risk factor because it is a. an inflammatory marker b. an amino acid c. an anticlotting agent d. associated with LDL-C

a

In general, studies show that the risk of heart attack in sedentary male populations is _______ higher than in active male populations. a. 2 to 3 times b. 5 times c. 7 times d. 10 times

a

In which of these clinical populations might exercise not be used in rehabilitation? a. anorexia nervosa patients b. cardiopulmonary disease patients c. cystic fibrosis patients d. organ transplant patients

a

Maintaining fitness for 20 years was associated with greater ____ in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), smaller _____ in low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and smaller _____ in triglycerides. a. increases, increases, increases b. increases, increases, decreases c. decreases, increases, increases d. decreases, decreases, decreases

a

Molly is a 34-year-old teacher. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall and 157 lbs. She walks her dog twice each day for 45 min. Her blood pressure is 117/83, her total cholesterol is 175 mg/dl, and her HDL is 65 mg/dl. She is concerned about heart disease because her mother died at age 53 of a heart attack. How many risk factors for CAD does Molly have? a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

a

Varicose veins are a form of a. peripheral vascular disease b. valvular heart disease c. rheumatic heart disease d. congenital heart disease

a

The progressive narrowing of arteries in general is known as ______________________.

astherosclerosis

3. Why are preexercise medical evaluations not recommended for everyone? a. Busy lifestyles don't allow time for visits to the doctor. b. The medical system is not prepared to provide this service to everyone. c. Many healthy people can perform their own medical evaluation. d. The exam simply doesn't yield very much useful information in most individuals.

b

A graded exercise test is usually conducted using a a. cycle ergometer b. treadmill c. rowing machine d. jump rope

b

Aerobic training may help prevent future heart attacks by a. increasing aortic constriction b. increasing blood flow to the heart c. increasing fibrinogen content in blood d. increasing blood LDL values

b

An optimal exercise rehabilitation program includes a. aerobic training only b. resistance and aerobic training c. resistance training only d. any type of exercise except resistance training

b

As little as______ min of continuous sitting has been found to negatively affect physiology. a. 10 b. 30 c. 60 d. 90

b

Hemorrhagic strokes usually occur due to a rupture at a(n) a. fibrous plaque b. aneurysm c. foam cell deposit d. fatty streak

b

Optimal exercise duration for aerobic health benefits is a. 10 min per day b. 20 to 30 min per day c. 50 to 60 min per day d. over 60 min per day

b

The overall minimal amount of exercise necessary for producing physiological benefits is called the a. frequency b. threshold c. mode d. duration

b

Which of the following could be the result of a stroke to either side of the brain? a. vision problems b. memory loss c. speech and language problems d. slow, cautious behavioral style

b

Which of the following is not a beneficial effect of habitual physical activity that improves brain health? a. increased cerebral blood flow b. reduced stiffness of arteries c. increased pulsatile blood pressure waves d. enhanced waste clearance in cerebral microcirculation

b

Which of the following measurements would be considered obese? a. waist circumference of 38 in. in men b. waist-to-hip ratio of 0.87 in women c. height of 6 ft and weight of 190 lbs in a woman d. waist circumference of 34 in. in women

b

Which of the following would be an expected outcome of aerobic exercise on blood lipid profiles? a. significantly decreases total cholesterol b. significantly decreases LDL cholesterol c. significantly decreases HDL cholesterol d. significantly increases triglycerides

b

Which one of the following statements is not a nutrition guideline established by the American Heart Association to assist physicians in treating cardiovascular disease? a. increasing low-fat dairy products b. increasing red meat c. limiting sodium to 2,400 mg/day d. increasing whole-grain carbohydrates

b

The fats that are transported in the blood stream are referred to as ___________________

blood lipids

Exercise modes should be a. difficult to perform correctly b. ideal for only one type of weather c. enjoyable d. intimidating

c

How does exercise affect the coronary circulation? a. stimulates growth of additional major coronary arteries b. no effect on the coronary circulation per se c. increases diameter of coronary arteries d. decreases production of nitric oxide

c

Hypertension in childhood is a. surprisingly common b. easily diagnosed c. uncommon due to body size d. defined as blood pressure values above the 50th percentile

c

Imaging technology when added to a graded exercise test (GXT) a. increases the specificity but lowers the sensitivity b. increases the sensitivity but lowers specificity c. increases both the sensitivity and specificity d. lowers the specificity and sensitivity

c

The majority of hypertension cases are a. caused by adrenal tumors b. caused by aortic defects c. idiopathic d. caused by kidney disease

c

Tom is 57 years old. He lost his father to heart disease at 62 and quit smoking 3 months ago. His blood pressure is 132/74 and his total cholesterol is 247 mg/dl. How many risk factors for CAD does Tom have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c

Valvular heart disease is sometimes caused by contracting _________________ in childhood. a. flu b. measles c. rheumatic fever d. chicken pox

c

Which of the following most accurately represents the current state of exercise in the United States? a. Nearly 70% of the population engages in resistance exercise 3 or more days per week. b. Only 10% of the population complains of insufficient leisure time for exercise. c. Only 20% of the population engages in physical activity sufficient to promote aerobic fitness. d. Only 50% of the population engages in physical activity designed to strengthen muscles.

c

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States? a. cancer b. accident c. cardiovascular disease d. respiratory disease

c.

For many years, _________________ and triglycerides were the only lipids measured in blood samples

cholesterol

Any heart defects that are present at birth are collectively referred to as ____________________________.

congenital heart disease

Physical inactivity represents a______________ risk factor for CHD.

controllable

If there is insufficient blood flow to cardiac muscle, this symptom can be an indicator of a bigger disease process known as ________________________________.

coronary artery disease

The progressive narrowing of arteries that specifically feed the heart is a condition known as _______________________.

coronary heart disease

A high concentration of ___________ cholesterol is not a risk factor for CHD. a. VLDL b. LDL c. Lp(a) d. HDL

d

A rating of 15 to 16 on the Borg RPE scale means that exercise is a. barely above resting levels b. quite easy c. moderately easy d. hard

d

A recreational activity should be all of the following except a. affordable b. interesting c. age appropriate d. too difficult to perform well

d

A stroke in the left side of the brain may result in a. vision problems b. paralysis on the left side of the body c. quick, inquisitive behavior d. paralysis on the right side of the body

d

Brain aneurysms resulting in hemorrhages are often due to a. hypertension b. damage to blood vessels c. abnormally formed blood vessels d. all of these

d

How is a proper starting point determined for resistance training? a. 5 reps at 1/2 1RM leads to fatigue b. 15 reps at 3/4 1RM does not lead to fatigue c. 1 rep at 1RM leads to pain d. 10 reps at 1/2 1RM leads to fatigue

d

Which of the following is not a possible reason for the decline in deaths related to cardiovascular disease? a. earlier diagnosis b. improved public awareness of symptoms c. improved drugs for treatment d. decline in prevalence of overweight and obesity

d

Which of these risk factors for cardiovascular disease is affected by exercise? a. blood lipid profile b. blood glucose control c. body composition d. all of these

d

_______________ is the underlying mechanism causing endothelium dysfunction. a. High blood cholesterol b. Lack of physical activity c. High-fat diet d. Inflammation

d

____________________ is the heart rate index that allows % HR to most closely match a. Training heart rate b. Maximal heart rate reserve c. The Cooper method d. THR range

d

_______________ blood pressure is the lowest pressure seen in the arteries.

diastolic

The _____ hypothesis states that if you replace sitting time with physical activity, cardiovascular disease factors will decrease.

displacement

The _______________ of exercise, or the length of time spent exercising in a single day, can be conducted in a single exercise bout or split into multiple bouts throughout the day.

duration

A(n) _____________________________, along with exercising blood pressure readings, helps physicians to monitor cardiovascular responses to exercise in a controlled medical setting.

execise electrocardiogram

The process of designing and tailoring an exercise program to a specific person with specific needs is called ________________________.

exercise prescription

According to a recent scoping review, there is a positive association between the effects of golf and both physical and mental health. a. True b. False

false

According to exercise prescription guidelines, exercise frequency should be at least five times per week for basic health and aerobic benefits. a. True b. False

false

According to exercise prescription guidelines, exercise intensity should be at least 30% to bring about significant changes in aerobic capacity. a. True b. False

false

Damage or injury to the tunica adventitia is a key step in the progression of CHD. a. True b. False

false

Everyone should undergo a medical examination before starting an exercise program. a. True b. False

false

Golf, bowling, and softball are acceptable modes of exercise for aerobic training. a. True b. False

false

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors only for hypertension, not for CHD. a. True b. False

false

Rehabilitation programs that include exercise improve quality of life during recovery but have no effect on overall mortality or future heart attacks. a. True b. False

false

Stroke accounts for half of all cardiovascular disease-related deaths. a. True b. False

false

The risk of heart attack is 10 times higher in sedentary populations. a. True b. False

false

Advanced arterial fatty deposits that lead to the progressive narrowing of vessels are called ___________.

fatty plaques

________________ are the initial precursors to atherosclerosis, forming in individuals as young as 3 years old.

fatty streaks

As a part of an exercise program, _______________ training helps supplement exercises performed during the warm-up and cool-down periods and is most effective after the endurance conditioning phase of an exercise program.

flexibility

The ________________ of exercise, or how often it is performed, should start out at the lower end of a prescribed range and gradually increase from there.

frequency

The relationship between improving brain health and exercise dose can be described as _____.

functional training

During a medical evaluation, a procedure called a(n) _______________________ will often be performed in which an individual exercises on a treadmill starting at low intensity and gradually progresses to maximal-intensity exercise.

graded exercise test

When the myocardium becomes too weakened to maintain adequate cardiac output to meet the body's blood and oxygen demands, this condition is known as ______________.

heart failure

_______________________ = HRmax - HRrest.

heart rate reserve

A(n) _______________ stroke occurs when a cerebral artery ruptures.

hemorrhagic

Exercise _______________ appears to be the most important factor in an exercise prescription because it dictates how hard people should be pushing themselves during a workout.

intensity

______________ occurs when blood vessels have narrowed so much that blood flow to tissues is severely compromised.

ischemia

A(n) _____________ stroke involves a blockage of a cerebral artery with a thrombus or embolus.

ischemic

This type of strength training contractions reduces cigarette cravings: ______________

isometric

____________________ are the proteins that transport lipids through the bloodstream.

lipoproteins

Statins lower cholesterol by blocking the formation of substances in the _________that produce cholesterol.

liver

One ________ = 3.5 ml O2 per kg per minute.

metabolic equivalent

The type of prescribed exercise is called the ______.

mode

A(n) _____________________ (or heart attack) occurs when blood supply to a part of the myocardium is severely restricted or totally cut off.

myocardial infarction